Physics-272 Lecture 20
... impedance has its minimum value: Z = R • As frequency is changed from resonance, either up or down, (XL-XC) no longer is zero and Z must therefore ...
... impedance has its minimum value: Z = R • As frequency is changed from resonance, either up or down, (XL-XC) no longer is zero and Z must therefore ...
Review of power in AC circuit (Pdf file)
... For a pure resistor, the impedance angle is zero and the power factor is unity (UPF), so that the apparent and real power are equal. The electric energy is transformed into thermal energy. If the circuit is purely inductive, the current lags the voltage by 90Æ and the average power is zero. Therefor ...
... For a pure resistor, the impedance angle is zero and the power factor is unity (UPF), so that the apparent and real power are equal. The electric energy is transformed into thermal energy. If the circuit is purely inductive, the current lags the voltage by 90Æ and the average power is zero. Therefor ...
EPM1016: Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques
... integration and averaging indicated in equation (1.2). The average power, P (also called true power) is shown on the instrument by a pointer-position (or digitally). For connection to the circuit, a wattmeter has four terminals - two current terminals and two potential terminals as shown in figure 1 ...
... integration and averaging indicated in equation (1.2). The average power, P (also called true power) is shown on the instrument by a pointer-position (or digitally). For connection to the circuit, a wattmeter has four terminals - two current terminals and two potential terminals as shown in figure 1 ...
Generation
... • They are equivalent to a series tuned circuit with a very high Q • There is also a parallel circuit, C2. • The series resonance is a low impedance acceptor circuit and the parallel resonance is a high impedance rejector circuit. ...
... • They are equivalent to a series tuned circuit with a very high Q • There is also a parallel circuit, C2. • The series resonance is a low impedance acceptor circuit and the parallel resonance is a high impedance rejector circuit. ...
10. principles of electric transmission
... The power produced by the diesel engine at its crankshaft is the horsepower, which is proportional to the multiplication of torque and the speed of the engine. In any diesel engine torque and speed are the two independent quantities- the torque produced by the engine is proportional to the load to o ...
... The power produced by the diesel engine at its crankshaft is the horsepower, which is proportional to the multiplication of torque and the speed of the engine. In any diesel engine torque and speed are the two independent quantities- the torque produced by the engine is proportional to the load to o ...
Alternating Voltage and Current
... magnetic field to generate induced ac voltage across open terminals. At the horizontal position, the loop does not induce a voltage because the conductors do not cut across the flux. At the vertical position, conductors cut across the flux and produce maximum v. Each of the longer conductors h ...
... magnetic field to generate induced ac voltage across open terminals. At the horizontal position, the loop does not induce a voltage because the conductors do not cut across the flux. At the vertical position, conductors cut across the flux and produce maximum v. Each of the longer conductors h ...
ICL8038
... applied directly to pin 8, merely providing DC decoupling with a capacitor as shown in Figure 5A. An external resistor between pins 7 and 8 is not necessary, but it can be used to increase input impedance from about 8kΩ (pins 7 and 8 connected together), to about (R + 8kΩ). For larger FM deviations ...
... applied directly to pin 8, merely providing DC decoupling with a capacitor as shown in Figure 5A. An external resistor between pins 7 and 8 is not necessary, but it can be used to increase input impedance from about 8kΩ (pins 7 and 8 connected together), to about (R + 8kΩ). For larger FM deviations ...
a 2
... transformations can be avoid. Thus, circuits containing many transformers can be solved easily with less chance of error. In pu system, the voltages, currents, powers, impedances, and other electrical quantities are not measured in SI units (volts, amperes, watts, ohms, etc.) but measured in decimal ...
... transformations can be avoid. Thus, circuits containing many transformers can be solved easily with less chance of error. In pu system, the voltages, currents, powers, impedances, and other electrical quantities are not measured in SI units (volts, amperes, watts, ohms, etc.) but measured in decimal ...
RLC circuits
... RLC circuits with sinusoidal sources The AC analysis of circuits with inductors is also easy, with the effective resistance (impedance) of an inductor equal to iL. From a phasor point of view this means that the inductor leads the resistor by 90 degrees. High pass and low pass filters can be made ...
... RLC circuits with sinusoidal sources The AC analysis of circuits with inductors is also easy, with the effective resistance (impedance) of an inductor equal to iL. From a phasor point of view this means that the inductor leads the resistor by 90 degrees. High pass and low pass filters can be made ...
Bi-directional switch
... If Vd is maintained as per Eq. 16 and 17 input current IS1 will be in phase with input voltage and the power factor will be unity. In Fig.8, Vd is established by charging the capacitor through the switch mode converter on the generator side. The value of Vd should be of a sufficiently large value so ...
... If Vd is maintained as per Eq. 16 and 17 input current IS1 will be in phase with input voltage and the power factor will be unity. In Fig.8, Vd is established by charging the capacitor through the switch mode converter on the generator side. The value of Vd should be of a sufficiently large value so ...
Objective : Equipments Needed : Theory
... Where ILmin = IR - IZM IR = VR / R, VR = Vin - VZ Case 2 : Variable input voltage Vi and fixed load resistance RL. In this case, when input voltage Vin is increased slightly keeping load resistance R constant. It will increase I. This increase in I will be absorbed by the Zener diode without affecti ...
... Where ILmin = IR - IZM IR = VR / R, VR = Vin - VZ Case 2 : Variable input voltage Vi and fixed load resistance RL. In this case, when input voltage Vin is increased slightly keeping load resistance R constant. It will increase I. This increase in I will be absorbed by the Zener diode without affecti ...
Standing wave ratio
In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave's amplitude at an antinode (maximum) to the amplitude at a node (minimum) along the line.The SWR is usually thought of in terms of the maximum and minimum AC voltages along the transmission line, thus called the voltage standing wave ratio or VSWR (sometimes pronounced ""viswar""). For example, the VSWR value 1.2:1 denotes an AC voltage due to standing waves along the transmission line reaching a peak value 1.2 times that of the minimum AC voltage along that line. The SWR can as well be defined as the ratio of the maximum amplitude to minimum amplitude of the transmission line's currents, electric field strength, or the magnetic field strength. Neglecting transmission line loss, these ratios are identical.The power standing wave ratio (PSWR) is defined as the square of the VSWR, however this terminology has no physical relation to actual powers involved in transmission.The SWR can be measured with an instrument called an SWR meter. Since SWR is defined relative to the transmission line's characteristic impedance, the SWR meter must be constructed for that impedance; in practice most transmission lines used in these applications are coaxial cables with an impedance of either 50 or 75 ohms. Checking the SWR is a standard procedure in a radio station, for instance, to verify impedance matching of the antenna to the transmission line (and transmitter). Unlike connecting an impedance analyzer (or ""impedance bridge"") directly to the antenna (or other load), the SWR does not measure the actual impedance of the load, but quantifies the magnitude of the impedance mismatch just performing a measurement on the transmitter side of the transmission line.