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Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane

... grouped together for a chain reaction (called metabolic pathway) 3. Cell adhesion – proteins hook together to provide temporary or permanent connections; these connections referred to as junctions ...
Protein Synthesis in a Eukaryotic Cell.
Protein Synthesis in a Eukaryotic Cell.

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Secondary Structures and Properties of Fibrous Proteins
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... 1). Compact, relatively spherical molecules;may contain domains amino acids distant in the 1 o sequence fold closely ...
Step 2
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... Example* - Pipeline for Analysis of Protein Variation Due to Alternative Splicing and SNPs The alternative splicing pipeline will provide a complete characterization of variations in proteins due to splice variation or SNPs evident in repositiories of contiguous genome sequence data and expressed s ...
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Using the standardized (normally distributed with a mean of zero
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...  The direct detection and quantification of the proteins in a biological system o Can also assay protein “states” [post-translational modifications (PTMs), e.g. phosphorylation] o Provides high-confidence detection of proteins/validation of putative coding genes o Provides more accurate protein abu ...
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... B. The central dogma1. DNA⇐ (replication) ⇐ DNA ⇒ (transcription) ⇒ RNA ⇒ (translation) ⇒ Proteins 2. In words, DNA is the material that contains the hereditary information. a. It is capable of reproducing itself – DNA replication b. It can supervise the manufacture of RNA – transcription. c. The re ...
Chapter 34-4B: Second Messengers
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... are not transmembrane proteins. Steroid hormones can pass freely through cell membrane, and bind the specific receptor protein in cytosol. The receptor activated by the steroid hormone moves into the nucleus. The active receptor binds a specific region of DNA and activates or inactivates the replica ...
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... The process of removing the intron is called splicing The intron is looped out and cut away from the exons by snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) (snurps) The exons are spliced together to produce the translatable mRNA The mRNA is now ready to leave the nucleus and be translated into protein ...
the ubiquitin system and a putative stimulatory role
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Chemistry in Biology - Welcome to teachers.olatheschools.com!

...  The number and the order in which the amino acids are joined define the protein’s primary structure.  After an amino acid chain is formed, it folds into a unique three-dimensional shape, which is the protein’s secondary structure, such as a helix or a ...
Lecture_11
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SR protein



SR proteins are a conserved family of proteins involved in RNA splicing. SR proteins are named because they contain a protein domain with long repeats of serine and arginine amino acid residues, whose standard abbreviations are ""S"" and ""R"" respectively. SR proteins are 50-300 amino acids in length and composed of two domains, the RNA recognition motif (RRM) region and the RS binding domain. SR proteins are more commonly found in the nucleus than the cytoplasm, but several SR proteins are known to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.SR proteins were discovered in the 1990s in Drosophila and in amphibian oocytes, and later in humans. In general, metazoans appear to have SR proteins and unicellular organisms lack SR proteins.SR proteins are important in constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export, genome stabilization, nonsense-mediated decay, and translation. SR proteins alternatively splice pre-mRNA by preferentially selecting different splice sites on the pre-mRNA strands to create multiple mRNA transcripts from one pre-mRNA transcript. Once splicing is complete the SR protein may or may not remain attached to help shuttle the mRNA strand out of the nucleus. As RNA Polymerase II is transcribing DNA into RNA, SR proteins attach to newly made pre-mRNA to prevent the pre-mRNA from binding to the coding DNA strand to increase genome stabilization. Topoisomerase I and SR proteins also interact to increase genome stabilization. SR proteins can control the concentrations of specific mRNA that is successfully translated into protein by selecting for nonsense-mediated decay codons during alternative splicing. SR proteins can alternatively splice NMD codons into its own mRNA transcript to auto-regulate the concentration of SR proteins. Through the mTOR pathway and interactions with polyribosomes, SR proteins can increase translation of mRNA.Ataxia telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, several cancers, HIV-1, and spinal muscular atrophy have all been linked to alternative splicing by SR proteins.
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