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2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA
2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA

... nucleotides of DNA and RNA, using circles, shape does not need to be shown, but the two pentagons and rectangles to represent phosphates, strands should be shown antiparallel. Adenine pentoses and bases. should be shown paired with thymine and guanine with cytosine, but the relative lengths of the p ...
Make an Operon
Make an Operon

... Make a model of the lac or trp operon Demonstrate the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in operons Simulate the transcription of the genes in the operon Make a model of an operon 1. Your teacher will assign your group either the lac or trp operon to build. 2. Using the materials available in ...
To support the hypothesis of an early RNA world, it is crucial to
To support the hypothesis of an early RNA world, it is crucial to

... ribozyme isolate called MF (which contains sequence regions that can potentially fold into a previously selected pyrimidine synthase ribozyme). Ribozyme isolates were lightly mutated and then randomly recombined (4). Random recombination involves the digestion of ribozyme DNA, followed by ligation t ...
Engineering Programmable Nucleases: Applications in the Study of
Engineering Programmable Nucleases: Applications in the Study of

... Development of chimeric Cas9 - DNAbinding domain (DBD) fusion Hypothesis: Fusion of Cas9 to a programmable DNA-binding domain will provide improved genome editing precision and broader targeting range. ...
Cloning, sequence and in vitro transcription/translation analysis of a
Cloning, sequence and in vitro transcription/translation analysis of a

... that ORF H is a gene whose product is not detected due to the absence of a strong ribosome binding site. If this were the case, ORFs K, H. A, I and E might bc contained within a single operon. Similar analysis for the region between ORFs F and (’ did not predict the prcsencc of a coding region. Icav ...
Document
Document

... the expression of photosynthetic genes from the nuclear and plastidic genomes.“ Ankele et al., (2007), Plant Cell ...
Isolation and amplification of ancient DNA
Isolation and amplification of ancient DNA

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VII. Molecular Biology Techniques
VII. Molecular Biology Techniques

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site-directed mutagenesis and protein engineering
site-directed mutagenesis and protein engineering

... either a misincorporation process in which the polymerase adds an incorrect base to the growing daughter strand or a lack of proofreading ability on the part of the polymerase. It might be expected that they generate a completely random set of mutants but in reality the mutant libraries produced are ...
Lecture 26: Overview of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and
Lecture 26: Overview of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and

... The primary structure of DNA is simple covalent structure and is actually the nucleotide sequence. Secondary structure on the other hand represents any regular, stable structure taken up by some or all of the nucleotides in a nucleic acid. The further coiling and complex folding of large chromosomes ...
E. coli - Sonoma Valley High School
E. coli - Sonoma Valley High School

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Proteolytic activation
Proteolytic activation

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PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction

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Characterization of the IEll0 Gene of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
Characterization of the IEll0 Gene of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

... IE175 (also known as ICP4), has a major role in activation of transcription of early and late genes (Preston, 1979; Watson & Clements, 1980; Dixon & Schaffer, 1980). The function of IE 175 was demonstrated by the study of HSV-1 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants with lesions in IE gene 3, but until ...
Gene Section COL1A1 (collagen, type I, alpha 1) in Oncology and Haematology
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... Giant Cell fibrosarcoma and Bednar tumours present specific cytogenetic features such as reciprocal translocations t(17;22)(q22;q13.1) (Fig A) or, more often, supernumerary ring chromosomes derived from t(17;22) (B). As shown by FISH analysis, the ring chromosomes contain chromosome 22 centromere an ...
Comp 5a Packet
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... 60. Other sequences on DNA called ______ signals tell the RNA polymerase when to stop transcribing. 61. Newly made mRNA must be _________ to make the nucleic acid functional. 62. What are introns & what happens to them during mRNA processing? 63. What are exons and what happens to them during mRNA p ...
DNA Microarray:
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Introduction to DNA Computing
Introduction to DNA Computing

... • Each strand of the helix must be copied in complementary fashion by DNA polymerase • Each strand is a template for copying • DNA polymerase requires template and primer • Primer: an oligonucleotide that pairs with the end of the template molecule to form dsDNA • DNA polymerases add nucleotides in ...
dna and protein synthesis - YISS
dna and protein synthesis - YISS

... are made in the cytoplasm. mRNA serves as a “messenger” and carries the protein building instructions to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. ...
DNA repair - Journal of Cell Science
DNA repair - Journal of Cell Science

... removes damage in the genome overall and transcription-coupled repair (TCR), which specifically repairs the transcribed strand of active genes. The main difference between GGR and TCR is the requirement for different factors during the initial recognition steps. UV-DDB, consisting of DDB1 and DDB2, ...
MODELING DNA REPLICATION
MODELING DNA REPLICATION

... 6. Now join the two ends of the DNA model to form a circle. This represents the form of circular DNA found in bacteria called plasmids. We will use this model in the linear form, which is how DNA occurs in humans. The Steps of DNA Replication 1. Start with the two white DNA strands joined together. ...
Biotechnology Laboratory
Biotechnology Laboratory

... thioredoxin, the jellyfish Green Fluorescent Protein, and an iron-sulfur protein), into a bacterial expression strain (E. coli AD494(DE3)) so that we can ʻoverproduceʼ the fusion protein. We will also introduce the same plasmid into another E. coli host strain (ScarabXpress-T7lac, www.scarabgenomics ...
ribbon drawing of the CAP dimer bound to DNA and the two cAMP
ribbon drawing of the CAP dimer bound to DNA and the two cAMP

... (binds DNA, but doesn’t activate Squares: No CAP Circles: With mutant CAP ...
Principles of Biology Exam
Principles of Biology Exam

... A. prokaryotic B. eukaryotic ...
Single-molecule DNA biochemistry, genetic circuits and chromatin
Single-molecule DNA biochemistry, genetic circuits and chromatin

... under physiological salt conditions. Recently, new methods of visualization and reinterpretation of older data however show that it is unlikely that any regular helical model describes significant portions of the chromatin fiber (van Holde and Zlatanova, 1995). There is even evidence that the amount ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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