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12_ Nucleic Acids
12_ Nucleic Acids

... Secondary Structure of DNA; The DNA Double Helix The secondary structure of DNA was proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. This was perhaps the greatest discovery of modern biology and one of the most remarkable and profound events in the history of science. Watson and Crick concluded t ...
12.1 Components of Nucleic Acids
12.1 Components of Nucleic Acids

... Secondary Structure of DNA; The DNA Double Helix The secondary structure of DNA was proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. This was perhaps the greatest discovery of modern biology and one of the most remarkable and profound events in the history of science. Watson and Crick concluded t ...
212 Chapter 28 Biomolecules: Heterocycles and Nucleic Acids
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... DNA replication occurs with very high fidelity: Most DNA polymerases have high intrinsic fidelity Many DNA polymerases have “proof-reading” (exonuclease) activity Mismatch repair proteins seek out and repair base-pair mismatches due to unfaithful replication 28.13 Structure and Synthesis of RNA: Tra ...
Structure of DNA
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... Selectivity of Primers • Primers bind to their complementary sequence on the target DNA – A primer composed of only 3 letter, ACC, for example, would be very likely to encounter its complement in a genome. – As the size of the primer is increased, the likelihood of, for example, a primer sequence o ...
Transformation and reversion: Pitfalls imposed
Transformation and reversion: Pitfalls imposed

... Another consequence emerged in our laboratory in the course of isolating spermidine-independent revertants of the spe-1 mutant after ultraviolet irradiation. We irradiated and plated large numbers (ca. 1 x 106) of conidia of an ornithine decarboxylase-deficient spe-1 strain on Vogel's minimal medium ...
DNA - benanbiology
DNA - benanbiology

... • Two polynucleotide strands wrap around each other to form a DNA double helix – The two strands are associated because particular bases always hydrogen bond to one another – A pairs with T, and C pairs with G, producing base pairs ...
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... polypeptide chains  Many polypeptide chains are covalently modified, either while they are still attached to the ribosome (cotranslational) or after their synthesis has been completed (posttranslational).  These modifications may include removal of part of the translated sequence, or the covalent ...
Applications_of_Gene_Technology_Student_Notes
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Exosome Complex www.AssignmentPoint.com The exosome
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... complex is present in the cytoplasm, nucleus and especially the nucleolus, although different proteins interact with the exosome complex in these compartments regulating the RNA degradation activity of the complex to substrates specific to these cell compartments. Substrates of the exosome include m ...
Regulation of gene expression by polyunsaturated fatty acids
Regulation of gene expression by polyunsaturated fatty acids

... However, there is also evidence that, although the administration of PUFA in vivo does decrease the expression of lipogenic genes, this is not accompanied by changes in classical LXRa target genes [20]. Thus further research is needed to clarify whether PUFAs have a role in modulating LXRa activity ...
RAP80
RAP80

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Epigenetic Regulation of Higher Order Chromatin
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... Since then the molecular basis of gene expression has been explored in great details, the nuclear processes regulated by epigenetic mechanisms have expanded beyond gene expression and have challenged genetic determinism in its core (Feinberg 2007). The root of the modern definition of epigenetics li ...
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... ABSTRACT. Although different DNA polymerases have distinct functions and substrate affinities, their general mechanism of action is similar. Thus, they can all be studied using the same technical principle, the primer extension assay employing radioactive tags. Even though fluorescence has been used ...
Translation Definition - Mr. Barrow's Science Center
Translation Definition - Mr. Barrow's Science Center

... mRNA carries the genetic code in the form of codons. A codon is a group of three nucleotides that provide information necessary for a single, specific amino acid. ...
RIBOSWITCHES - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
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... provided a wealth of information regarding RNA structure and ligand interaction ...
Reprogramming nuclei
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... secondary oocytes that have passed through the first meiotic division to split off the first polar body. The egg represents the fully developed gamete that is expelled from the tissues of the female. A zygote represents the cell that results from the union of the male and female gametes after fertil ...
gene therapy
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... 4.  How  are  viruses  used  in  gene  therapy?   Viruses  are  oYen  used  in  gene  therapy  because  they  naturally  bind   to  their  hosts  and  introduce  their  gene$c  material,  making  it  easier   to  deliver  the  new  ge ...
How to Claim your Biotech-Based Invention
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... • The current knowledge and level of skill in the art is high such that one of ordinary skill in the art would expect at least an antisense against every known gene (i.e. at mRNA initiation site), absent evidence to the contrary. • Narrow claims to specific antisense oligos may be free of the art, w ...
How to Claim your Biotech
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... • The current knowledge and level of skill in the art is high such that one of ordinary skill in the art would expect at least an antisense against every known gene (i.e. at mRNA initiation site), absent evidence to the contrary. • Narrow claims to specific antisense oligos may be free of the art, w ...
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... subunits: 50S and 30 S ¥ S mall subunit (30S ) contains 16S RNA and 21 proteins ¥ Large subunit (50S ) contains 23S RNA, 5S RNA, and 34 proteins ¥ 50S and 30S can come back together to form 70S ¥ rRNA is folded and has distinct ...
RNA or DNA Extractions: Where can I get my samples extracted
RNA or DNA Extractions: Where can I get my samples extracted

... from the sheath tank to the sorting nozzle. This decontamination procedure will take considerable time, so be prepared. Ensure the dip tubes, septa, flow cell, all tubing lines, and nozzles have been completely decontaminated with bleach, RNase ZAP, ethanol, autoclaving, or other qualifying techniqu ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Need to use different kits adapted to the size of the genome being analyzed. Like RAPD markers need to be converted to quick and easy PCR based marker ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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