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file1 - Department of Computer Science
file1 - Department of Computer Science

... glycolysis and fermentation. Lactate is exported from the cell • Transcription and translation modeled by including transcription factors, rRNA, tRNA • Cell takes up glycerol and fatty acids in order to maintain membrane structure • Cell does not replicate ...
Bacterial Genetics Summary
Bacterial Genetics Summary

... (5) complementary ribonucleotides brought in (a) hydrogen bond to complementary base (b) covalent bond to adjacent nucleotide in growing RNA molecule (6) when terminator sequence is reached one gene has been copied into RNA (7) RNA leaves DNA (8) DNA rezippers, recoils into double helix ...
Document
Document

... detaches enzyme and polypeptide cuts off signal synthesis peptide. resumes. ...
Computational Biology Lecture #1: Introduction
Computational Biology Lecture #1: Introduction

... of information from nucleic acid to nucleic acid, or from nucleic acid to protein, may be possible, but transfer from protein to protein, or from protein to nucleic acid is impossible. Information means here the precise determination of sequence, either of ...
Epigenetics
Epigenetics

... transcribed. Conversely, if chromatin is condensed, then it is inactive, and DNA transcription does not occur. • There are two main ways histones can be modified: acetylation and methylation. These are chemical processes that add either an acetyl or methyl group, respectively, to the amino acid lysi ...
Transcription - Winston Knoll Collegiate
Transcription - Winston Knoll Collegiate

... finds the beginning of a protein recipe called the promotor - promotor = a series of nucleotides that indicate the start of a protein recipe The RNA polymerase opens the DNA molecule at the promotor ...
DNA dna_essays
DNA dna_essays

... cell activities. It does this by being the code to make proteins. • DNA is located in the nucleus but proteins are made out in the cytoplasm at the ribosomes. – Ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum. ...
GHW#11-Questions$Slides
GHW#11-Questions$Slides

... 22.15 Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering, 834 22.16 The Polymerase Chain Reaction, 838 ...
VIZSGAKÉRDÉSEK A FELKÉSZÜLÉSHEZ*
VIZSGAKÉRDÉSEK A FELKÉSZÜLÉSHEZ*

... The definition of genetic and extragenetic information and the gene and its structure (the definition and parts of a gene). Features of the structural segment of genes (the “structure gene”) (code/anticode, degenearncy, wobling, universality, density etc.). The role of the regulatory part of genes ( ...
worksheet 12-3
worksheet 12-3

... Transcription (page 301) 5. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about transcription. a. During transcription, DNA polymerase binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands. b. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA. c. RNA polymerase ...
(DNA and RNA).
(DNA and RNA).

... set of all the single chromosomes that determine the physical makeup of an organism. GUANINE: A base compound in DNA and RNA molecules. HAPLOID: A cell containing a set of single chromosomes, or an organism composed of haploid cells. Gametes are haploid cells. HEARTBREAKERS: The selfchosen name of S ...
PEPCK: a model of eukaryotic gene expression
PEPCK: a model of eukaryotic gene expression

... Starvation/fasting also stimulates the release of glucagon which binds to its receptor, stimulates adenylyl cyclise which increases cAMP  PKA activated and this directly or through a cell signal pathway phosphorylates a transcription factor, CREB which enters the nucleus and binds to the CRE site. ...
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics

... known as DNA transcription, where a strand of DNA is copied into the corresponding strand of RNA. • There are three common types of RNA in all cellular organisms: – mRNA (messenger RNA) that contains the information for the synthesis of proteins; – rRNA (ribosomal RNA), which enters into the structu ...
PPT2
PPT2

... signals reaching it are proteins. ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... • Clover-leaf shape • Single stranded molecule with attachment site at one end for an amino acid • Found out in the cytoplasm • Brings amino acid to ribosome ...
Exam 3 SQ Key Chapter 16: How Genes Work
Exam 3 SQ Key Chapter 16: How Genes Work

... i. such as shortage of nutrients, sudden changes in temperature, exposure to radiation, or shifts in habitat c. Regulons can be scattered all across the genome but their transcription is still controlled by the same regulatory protein, whereas the genes in an operon are located adjacent to each othe ...
Document
Document

... transcription complex start site ...
21.5 RNA and Transcription
21.5 RNA and Transcription

... • the noncoding introns are removed. • the exons are joined to form mRNA, which goes to the ribosomes with the information for the synthesis of protein. General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry: Structures of Life, 5/e Karen C. Timberlake ...
Exam 3 Q3 Review Sheet 3/1/11
Exam 3 Q3 Review Sheet 3/1/11

... cells. A signal transduction cascade is initiated and at the end, proteins, called transcription factors, enter the nucleus and turn genes on. The end result is 100’s of glucose transporter proteins in the cell membrane that allow the facilitated diffusion of glucose into the cell. Explain how these ...
LAB 2 LECTURE The Molecular Basis for Species Diversity DNA
LAB 2 LECTURE The Molecular Basis for Species Diversity DNA

... B. The central dogma1. DNA⇐ (replication) ⇐ DNA ⇒ (transcription) ⇒ RNA ⇒ (translation) ⇒ Proteins 2. In words, DNA is the material that contains the hereditary information. a. It is capable of reproducing itself – DNA replication b. It can supervise the manufacture of RNA – transcription. c. The re ...
RNA is synthesized by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (uses
RNA is synthesized by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (uses

... with ribosomal proteins to form the complete, functional ribosome. • Transfer RNA (tRNA), which is the second most abundant type of RNA. Its function is to carry amino acids to the ribosome, where they will be linked together during protein synthesis. • Messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the inform ...
MON-APR-4
MON-APR-4

... changes in pH, calcium levels, and other molecular factors that could be modified by environmental stressors – This, in turn, can influence where these neurons migrate to in the cortex , for example ...
Chapter 4 Section 4 – The DNA Connection
Chapter 4 Section 4 – The DNA Connection

... •RNA polymerase reads the nucleotides on the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA sequence. •The sequence of the resulting RNA will be similar to the DNA coding strand. Uracil will take the place of thymine. ...
Bio-Ontologies in the context of the BOOTStrep project
Bio-Ontologies in the context of the BOOTStrep project

... Characteristics of the Gene Regulation Ontology (GRO, V 0.1) ...
Diapositive 1
Diapositive 1

... 2 Laboratoire de Bioinformatique des Génomes et des Réseaux (BiGRe), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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