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6 Review of Molecular Biology
6 Review of Molecular Biology

... Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the main component of the ribosome. The ribosome makes proteins. The rRNA and about 70 – 80 ribosomal proteins fold up into two complex folded structures. rRNA decodes mRNA into amino acids (at center of small ribosomal subunit) and interacts with the tR ...
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... ribosome's P site; GTP supplies the energy required for binding. The larger ribosomal subunit attaches to form a complete initiation complex Elongation The transfer RNA whose anticodon matches the next codon delivers its amino acid to the A site. Another protein called elongation factor escorts the ...
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... explosive information is being provided at an unprecedented speed. Biochemistry is a window opening to the world of life science. Thus, the knowledge of biochemistry which involves the study of chemical molecules and reactions in living organisms, and the elucidations of the nature of live phenomeno ...
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DNA vs. RNA - WordPress.com
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The Importance of DNA and RNA - Emmanuel Biology 12
The Importance of DNA and RNA - Emmanuel Biology 12

... for RNA polymerase and other base sequences known as upstream promoter elements (UPEs). UPEs initiate transcription. Genes vary in the number and type of UPEs. A gene with only one UPE will be weakly expressed. A gene with many UPEs is actively transcribed. Other DNA sequences known as enhancers inc ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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