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Modeling DNA Structure and Function
Modeling DNA Structure and Function

... to the mRNA sequence, draw the amino acid sequence that would be produced during translation. (To do this, you'll have to be able to interpret the genetic code as it appears in your text.) 1. How many bases make up one codon? 2. How many codons are present in the mRNA strand you made in lab? 3. On w ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems
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... Since you can use the human genome database to determine the sequence of the enzyme, you can design primers that could be used to amplify only the hexokinase gene from a human DNA sample by PCR. b. In your initial attempt, you succeed in obtaining hexokinase DNA and ligating it into a plasmid vector ...
Histone H3K9 tri
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... transcript consisting of sequence from this gene and sequence from the laminin receptor gene was isolated; however, it is not believed that this gene encodes a laminin receptor. – Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA signals exist. The variant with the longest 3' UTR overlaps the deoxyrib ...
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... A genetically stripped down amalgam of HIV components can be fashioned with a molecular switch system that turns them off in response to a common antibiotic This type of control allows doctors to control gene expression in people who are treated with gene therapy - If something goes wrong, the expre ...
The Replication of DNA
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... These proteins bind a specific DNA sequence within the replicator  Once bound to the DNA ,they frequently distort or unwind aregion of DNA adjacent to their binding sites  Initiator proteins interact with additional factors required for replication initiaton ...
Microbiology bio 123
Microbiology bio 123

... T-A has a double H bond G-C has a triple H bond RNA 1. Two main differences between RNA and DNA 1. Uracil substitutes for Thymine, 2. Single stranded, 2. There are more than one kind of RNA, their structure is the same but their function is not. 3. Sugar base is different, still a five carbon sugar, ...
dna-and-protein-synthesis-blog-post
dna-and-protein-synthesis-blog-post

... Today’s activity accurately modeled RNA transcription because we showed how the RNA polymerase only reads on the sense strand of the DNA gene. It was also good because we were able to use different coloured beads to show how RNA has a different base than DNA. Our model was inaccurate by the fact tha ...
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Molecular Evolution and Non-extensive Statistics
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... The non-extensivity of the system can be inferred from the parameter α and from the system dimension, d. If α>d the system is extensive, otherwise it is nonextensive. One important consequence of the non-extensivity is that large system present non-chaotic behaviour, i.e., their greater (correctly n ...
Protein Folding and Quality Control
Protein Folding and Quality Control

... information. ER: secreted proteins come here by recognition of specific sequences called a signal recognition sequence. Rough ER: ribosomes are bound to ER (same as free ribosomes) and introduce growing polypeptides into ER. SRP: recognizes signal sequence and 1) brings down polypeptide 2) inserts i ...
Topic 10 (From Genotype to Phenotype)
Topic 10 (From Genotype to Phenotype)

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... Osmosis is always the net movement of water through cell membrane from its higher concentration (dilute solution) to its lower concentration (concentrated solution) when the 2 solutions are separated by semi-permeable membrane. Osmotic Flow across a Cell Membrane Isotonic – when a cell is placed in ...
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learning objectives

... A. The first step of genetic engineering is to cleave the DNA that the geneticist wishes to transfer. B. This process involves the use of restriction enzymes that bind specific sequences of nucleotides and split the DNA in that position. C. Since DNA is made up of complementary bases, both strands d ...
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Biology: Life on Earth
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... RNA interference, is sequence specific and can therefore be used to target gene expression. Nature Immunology 3, 597 - 599 (2002) doi:10.1038/ni0702-597 ...
RNA Processing
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... products from 30,000 genes Humans have about 30,000 genes Generate 50-140,000 gene products Estimated on average each structural gene produces three proteins Much of these variants generated by alternate splicing, others by alternate 3’ cleavage, alternate start sites and RNA editing. ...
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... DNA, functioning as the hereditary material, ultimately determines the traits of an individual. The idea that this one type of molecule can play such a singular role in determining our characteristics is remarkable. What is still more amazing is the manner in which DNA affects these traits. DNA func ...
Reagents - NutriTech
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... When citing this SOP you should acknowledge both NuGO and the appropriate NuGO partner institution that has made the SOP available. Please use a form of words such as: We used the NuGO Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) number 52 produced by the University of Copenhagen. Details of the SOP are avail ...
Metromnia poster | A2 - National Physical Laboratory
Metromnia poster | A2 - National Physical Laboratory

... will improve their resistance to disease and decrease their need for fertilisers. However there has been strong Ros enf opposition to releasing such plants into the wild eld Im with both accurate and inaccurate claims made about their environmental impact. Only well controlled studies and accurate m ...
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene

... degradation, were also shown to be transcriptionally regulated in response to submergence in root cells of maize. We used a miRNA microarray to investigate miRNA populations in maize roots, and showed that the expressions of 39 different miRNAs, falling into four different patterns, are affected by ...
DNA and Proteins
DNA and Proteins

... place at the ribosomes. • The process of converting the information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein. ...
pptx - Central Web Server 2
pptx - Central Web Server 2

... Paralogs: “deepest” bifurcation in molecular tree reflects gene duplication. The study of paralogs and their distribution in genomes provides clues on the way genomes evolved. Gen and genome duplication have emerged as the most important pathway to molecular innovation, including the evolution of de ...
endosymbiosis
endosymbiosis

... SAB : similarity score between fragments of 2 rRNA molecules. SAB scores are high within each of the 3 groups and low between groups. ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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