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Unusual C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA
Unusual C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA

... The significance of the acidic tail, which is present in all eukaryotic C-terminal domains (Figure 6), is unclear. Deletion mapping experiments in yeast and mouse showed that mutants in which the acidic tail was removed were viable (5,9), indicating that removal of the acidic tail as such does not i ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Chromosomes and Genes • In humans, every somatic cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes in its nucleus (except mature RBC) • Each chromosome is made up of genes, and gene expression is a highly regulated process Chromatin regulation (epigenetics) Transcriptional regulation • ...
PPT 8 Communication within multicell. orgs.
PPT 8 Communication within multicell. orgs.

... outside of the cell. • The signal molecule does not enter the cell. • The signal is transduced (passed) across the cell membrane. • This often involves cascades of G-proteins or phosphorylation by kinase enzymes. ...
RNA
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... Anticodon ...
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PCR

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File
File

... population, and therefore reflects mRNA levels and the diversity of splice isoforms in particular tissues • The PCR can be used as an alternative to cDNA cloning • Full-length cDNA cloning is facilitated by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) ...
DNA
DNA

...  GMOs – “genetically modified organisms”; the process of “cutting” DNA from one species and “pasting” it into another species; also called transgenic organisms or recombinant DNA – Cut the desired gene out using restriction enzymes that create sticky ends. Cut the target cell’s DNA with the same re ...
Instructions for Biochemistry
Instructions for Biochemistry

... these bases in each of our cells. DNA is a helix of two strands: Bases interact between the strands and hold them together. G bonds with C, and A bonds with T. ...
et al
et al

... The sum total of all DNA from an organism or a community of organisms ...
Document
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... packaged in specific structural units, the chromosomes. Within each chromosome, the DNA is wound around small proteins called histones, which in turn are held tightly together in a compacted state by still other proteins. As long as the DNA is in this compacted state, it cannot function to form RNA. ...
Biochemistry 2 [1203253] intended learning outcomes DNA, RNA
Biochemistry 2 [1203253] intended learning outcomes DNA, RNA

... Molecular basis of inherited diseases  Restriction Enzymes: Performing Highly Specific DNA-Cleavage Reactions  DNA recombinations are helpful in establishing genomic as well as cDNA libraries  Antibiotic resistance genes can select for the transfected cloning vector.  The utility of Sanger dideo ...
Gene Network Central
Gene Network Central

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Gene Expression
Gene Expression

... • cDNA is more stable than RNA. • cDNA corresponds with the part of the genome from which introns have been removed. • cDNA does not correspond exactly to nuclear DNA. ...
7.014 Solution Set 4
7.014 Solution Set 4

... in the hood? If yes, how? If no, what caused this phenomenon? UV light is a mutagen. Leaving the dish of stem cells in the hood exposed to UV light likely caused mutations in at least some of the individual cells. Because some of these cells developed into RBCs that behave as if they only have HbS h ...
DNA replication
DNA replication

... - They are held together in a polymeric form By 3" to 5" phosphodiester bonds forming single strand (Figure 5). - The information content of DNA (the genetic code) resides in the sequences in which these monomers are ordered. - The polymer of one strand posses two ends; 5'- phosphate terminus and 3' ...
DNA - MERLOT International Conference
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... stabilized by two hydrogen bonds C matches with G stabilized by three hydrogen bonds ...
7.1 Identification of specific DNA motifs. Note: For this exercise use
7.1 Identification of specific DNA motifs. Note: For this exercise use

... 7.2 Find genes that have one of these BamHI sites within 250 nucleotides upstream of their start. In the section 7.1 you found BamHI sites, but now you are looking for genes that have one of these sites located within 250 nucleotides upstream of their start. Hint: You can achieve this by running a ...
Gene Mutations webquest
Gene Mutations webquest

... 1. Mutations are essential to evolution; they are the raw material of _____________ _____________ . Slide 2: DNA and Mutations 1. The genetic code of your DNA is “written” in varying sequences of 4 nitrogen bases, known by the letters: ___ ___ ___ & ___ . 2. The sequ ...
File - Mr. Blaschke`s Science Class
File - Mr. Blaschke`s Science Class

... conformation or whether it is allowed to supercoil about itself freely in space. 3. The linking number of a circular DNA can only be changed by breaking a phosphodiester bond in one of the two strands, allowing the intact strand to pass through the broken strand and then rejoining the broken strand. ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... • Amino acids are joined together by peptide bonds to form polypeptides. • Each polypeptide chain will have a particular sequence of amino acids. • Once the polypeptide chains are formed they can then be arranged in different ways to form different types of proteins. ...
DNA_Structure_2010
DNA_Structure_2010

... Uses DNA Polymerase to rapidly produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence of interest.  Perhaps the most successful technology to ever ...
Genomic and cDNA libraries, library screening
Genomic and cDNA libraries, library screening

... Note: ds cDNAs are typically placed in a cloning vector such as bacteriophage lambda (l) or a plasmid ...
An enlarged largest subunit or Plasmodium falciparum RNA
An enlarged largest subunit or Plasmodium falciparum RNA

... Amino acid sequence comparisons with other RNA polymerase subunits Amino acid comparisons of the 2452 amino acid P. falciparum protein with various RNA polymerase largest subunits from different species was done by a dot matrix analysis (Fig. 4.). Because the two RPII subunits of T. brucei, RPIIA an ...
How to Select for Enzymes
How to Select for Enzymes

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Finding Disease Genes
Finding Disease Genes

... the protein product of the gene. Such genes usually produce large amounts of well-known and studied proteins. Gene-specific oligonucleotides: hemophilia A Factor VIII gene. The most common form of hemophilia, Xlinked. ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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