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Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria
Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

... regulated bacterial genes that are transcribed together into one mRNA. – The group of genes involved in lactose metabolism was thus termed the lac operon. • Later a fourth gene, called lacA, was discovered to be part of the lac operon. The lacA gene codes for the enzyme transacetylase, which has a p ...
Chapter 16 - Strive Studios
Chapter 16 - Strive Studios

... our original DNA, and what we plan to do with the final results. • These two strategies are genetic engineering (using recombinant DNA technology) and PCR, or polymerase chain reaction. – We will go through each one of these processes. ...
DNA TECHNOLOGY
DNA TECHNOLOGY

... 1st-The DNA molecule is cut with restriction enzymes 2nd- we have to separate the fragments This is done by a technique called gel electrophoresis The DNA is placed on a tray filled with gel through which an electric current runs causing the fragments to move through the gel. The segments separate b ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
PowerPoint 演示文稿

... compared between species. Intron sequences vary, and may even be unrelated, although exon sequences remain well related. The conservation of exons can be used to isolate related genes in different species. ...
Gene7-17
Gene7-17

... repress haploid-specific functions. In a haploids, mating functions are constitutive. In a haploids, the a2 protein represses a mating functions, while a1 induces a mating functions. ...
Epigenetic Modifications - Carol Lee Lab
Epigenetic Modifications - Carol Lee Lab

... genome at each generation to define cell types and patterns of gene expression in the developing embryo. These “marks” define which genes are turned on and off. • Marks from the previous generation are typically removed in the germline, to enable totipotency of cells in early embryos • Epigenetic ch ...
Epigenetic Inheritance - Carol Eunmi LEE
Epigenetic Inheritance - Carol Eunmi LEE

... -- Genomic imprinting: where methylation and histone modifications alter gene expression without altering the genetic sequence. When inherited, these “epigenetic marks” are established in the germline and are maintained throughout all somatic cells of an organism. -- Gene Silencing: could occur ...
3D modelling activity
3D modelling activity

... proteins often share important sequences (called conserved sequences), we can use this to model a proteins potential tertiary structures with software. This requires a great deal of computing power to accurately model and must be done using large servers with massive data bases. You can do this thro ...
Chapter Nine Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information
Chapter Nine Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

... • particles characterized by sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (S) ...
DNA / RNA blue print of life PPT
DNA / RNA blue print of life PPT

... Why not send the original DNA code out? DNA might be damaged! mRNA components are reused To copy more messages ...
M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase, RNase H minus
M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase, RNase H minus

... M-MuLV Reverse transcriptase is purified from an E.coli strain harbouring a plasmid that directs the synthesis of a modified form of Moloney Murine Leukemia virus (M-MuLV) reverse transcriptase. M-MuLV reverse transcriptase is a RNA or DNA directed DNA polymerase. The enzyme can synthesize a complem ...
Lecture 14
Lecture 14

... group using polynucleotide kinase to a probe. Alternatively, labeled nucleotides can be incorporated at the 3’ end using terminal transferase. Because label is added at only one place within the oligonucleotide, such end-labelled probes contain relatively little radioactivity per unit weight of DNA. ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

... By the end of this unit you will:  know what transcription is  know what translation is  understand how proteins are made. ...
Fact Sheet Describing Recombinant DNA and Elements
Fact Sheet Describing Recombinant DNA and Elements

... Yeasts, eukaryotic unicellular fungi, contribute a great deal to the study of molecular genetics. They are popular organisms to clone and express DNA in because they are eukaryotes, and can therefore splice out introns, the non-coding sequences in the middle of many eukaryotic genes. For the past tw ...
Turing machine
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... Turing is often considered to be the father of modern computer science. He provided an influential formalisation of the concept of the algorithm and computation with the Turing machine. With the Turing test meanwhile, he made a significant and characteristically provocative contribution to the debat ...
ppt - Castle High School
ppt - Castle High School

... reading frames. When it was first sequenced, only 58 percent coded for proteins with known functions. Since then, the roles of almost all other proteins have been identified. More genes are involved in each function in the larger E. coli. ...
gen-305-lect-14-2016
gen-305-lect-14-2016

... - For a PCR reaction, a researcher must have prior knowledge about the sequence of the template DNA, in order, to construct the synthetic primers. - PCR is also used to detect and quantitate the amount of RNA in living cells. The method is called reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). RT-PCR is carried ...
Chapter 12 from book
Chapter 12 from book

... reading frames. When it was first sequenced, only 58 percent coded for proteins with known functions. Since then, the roles of almost all other proteins have been identified. More genes are involved in each function in the larger E. coli. ...
Slides of short summary on Molecular Biology
Slides of short summary on Molecular Biology

... • Codon: The sequence of 3 nucleotides in DNA/RNA that encodes for a specific amino acid. • mRNA (messenger RNA): A ribonucleic acid whose sequence is complementary to that of a protein-coding gene in DNA. • Ribosome: The organelle that synthesizes polypeptides under the direction of mRNA • rRNA (ri ...
DNA Replication
DNA Replication

... http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072943696/ student_view0/chapter3/animation__dna_replication __quiz_1_.html ...
Lab 11- DNA Structure and Function
Lab 11- DNA Structure and Function

... A. The ice bath cools down the mixture so that the DNA is not damaged by the heat! 5. Using the serological pipet, carefully layer 10 mL of ice-cold alcohol over the wheat germ solution in the beaker. Allow the alcohol to flow from the pipet with the pipet tip held against the inside surface of th ...
Degust: Visualize, explore and appreciate RNA
Degust: Visualize, explore and appreciate RNA

... interactive  plot  we  created  in  R  with  Glimma   • Shows  expression  for  2  conditions   • Average  expression  is  on  the  x  axis,  logFC  on  y,  each  dot  is  a  gene   • Highly  expressed  genes  are  towards  the  rig ...
DNA Technology
DNA Technology

... – Plasmids: small accessory rings of DNA from bacteria that are not part of the bacterial chromosome and are capable of replicating on their own. Most common in bacteria ...
DNA-Arrays
DNA-Arrays

... ...the use of non-specific DNA sequences to describe a specific genome. ...
Palindromic Sequences
Palindromic Sequences

... This was done using a prepared sample of polypeptide fragments, which were separated through a process known as paper chromatography. A similar process was done for fraction A. From all the studies perform, the overall structure and cross linking between chains can be deduced. Cross-linking can occu ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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