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Nucleotide excision repair II: from yeast to mammals
Nucleotide excision repair II: from yeast to mammals

... the bacterium E. coli. In part II, I focus on the more complex pathway in eukaryotes, about which much less is known. I shall discuss the main features and biological impact of NER in mammals, and attempt to put these into an evolutionary and mechanistic perspective by comparing mammalian NER with t ...
Project title Boron deficiency in wheat. Supervisors Tim
Project title Boron deficiency in wheat. Supervisors Tim

... In wheat, the primary effect of boron (B) deficiency is male sterility, leading to reduced grain set. This is a significant problem in low B soils that are found in tropical wheat growing areas of Thailand, China, Bangladesh and India, and possibly also in the northern wheat growing regions of Austr ...
microbial genetics
microbial genetics

... (Source: Snustad and Simmons. Principles of Genetics. 2nd edition.) ...
Stop Motion
Stop Motion

... Part C: The stop motion video – the completed stop motion must be ready for viewing on part way through class on Thursday Using the available materials (any extras you bring), construct your parts to use in your animation of protein synthesis. Take a minimum of 50 pictures of the different stages of ...
SMIC Biology
SMIC Biology

... for) proteins and some that don’t. The sequences that code for proteins are called exons (they will be expressed). The sequences that do not code for any proteins are called introns (they are found in-between the expressed sequences). Specific enzymes cut out the introns and paste together the exons ...
Design and Operation of Large Scale RNA production v2
Design and Operation of Large Scale RNA production v2

... • RNA production results in three major problems from reagents used: ...
Glimpses of a few literatures on snRNA
Glimpses of a few literatures on snRNA

... Number of sequenced examples is a snapshot as of 2002 and is influenced by DNA-sequencing strategies and database upkeep; it may provide a rough indication of relative abundance. RNAs in any group vary in size; the size provided here indicates the lower end of the length distribution for the natura ...
Presentation  - Harlem Children Society
Presentation - Harlem Children Society

... regulator of hypoxia-induced gene expression as well as the DNA binding protein. It is a heterodimeric transcription factor composed of HIF1A. The HIF1 protein expressed by the structure concludes that it plays a big role in hypoxia. However, even though many proteins are known, this protein helps ...
How metabolites modulate metabolic flux
How metabolites modulate metabolic flux

... is directly controlled by prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), a member of the family of dioxygenases. Aside from oxygen, PHD2 relies on Fe2+ and 2OG to mediate hydroxylation, with the simultaneous production of succinate and CO2 from 2OG. In addition to an oxygen dependent regulation, it has been shown tha ...
DNA Extraction from Paraffin
DNA Extraction from Paraffin

... supernatant as a template for a 100-µL PCR amplification. If PCR products are not generated, then different volumes can be tried. A positive control reaction (e.g., β-globin) should be run to ensure that amplifiable DNA of similar length to the target DNA is present in the sample. 7- Store DNA at –2 ...
Prokaryotic Genomics
Prokaryotic Genomics

... – Three genes involved in lactose utilization are transcribed onto a single messenger RNA – Transcription is under the control of a single transcription factor, the lac repressor. – When the lac repressor detects lactose, it allows the operon to be transcribed. ...
14.1 Formation and Early History of Earth
14.1 Formation and Early History of Earth

...  Several methods can be used to generate DNA fragment patterns for analysis of genotypic similarity among strains, including  Ribotyping: focuses on a single gene (SSU rRNA)  Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR): focused on highly conserved repetitive DNA elements  Amplified fragment ...
LS1a Fall 2014 Practice Problem Set 6 1. Name three ways in which
LS1a Fall 2014 Practice Problem Set 6 1. Name three ways in which

... 5c. The binding affinity of cerine to Qac R should be less than that of berberine to Qac R. There will likely not be an effect on enthalpy as the exact same interactions can be made between Qac R and cerine as with berberine. However, the entropic loss of cerine binding Qac R will be greater than th ...
Abiotic stress response in plants: When post
Abiotic stress response in plants: When post

... control the amount of specific transcripts by their degradation [14]. Subsequent steps of RNA processing, like the mRNAs transport through the nuclear envelope and the association of mRNAs to ribosomes, are other important check points of mRNA molecules and availability for protein synthesis [15,16] ...
Heidi Ledford
Heidi Ledford

... at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and his colleagues published9 a system for adding acetyl groups — one type of epi­ genetic mark — to histones using the broken scissors to carry enzymes to specific spots in the genome. The team found that adding acetyl groups to proteins that associate ...
Mar. 8 Presentation Q-PCR
Mar. 8 Presentation Q-PCR

... products generate the same fluorescence signal upon binding SYBR Green I dye. Not possible to multiplex multiple gene targets. ...
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Nucleotide Structure
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Nucleotide Structure

... Transcription: Important Concepts and Terminology RNA is synthesized by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (uses DNA as a template for the synthesis of RNA). o RNA polymerase locates genes in DNA by searching for promoter regions. The promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase. Binding establishes ...
(CH14) Translation (Slides)
(CH14) Translation (Slides)

... novel archael aminoacyltRNA synthetase, PylS are required for incorporation of pyrrolysine. ...
Sequence and transcription analysis of the Petunia mitochondrial
Sequence and transcription analysis of the Petunia mitochondrial

... 1:5:100 in the Petunia tissues tested. The transcripts share a common 3' terminus but have 5' termini that map 528, 266, and 121 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site. The 5' terminus of the longest transcript maps to the sequenoe ATATAGTA, which is nearly identical to the yeast mitocho ...
Intragenomic Spread of Plastid-Targeting
Intragenomic Spread of Plastid-Targeting

... on scaffold 826 may have further duplicated to scaffold 43, followed by an intramolecular recombination between their presequences that led to the loss of the fbaII gene on scaffold 43 (fig. 1C). This model does not explain why recombination between two non-homologous fba genes would take place, and ...
Hemophilia - Genomics Help
Hemophilia - Genomics Help

... “Promoter/Upstream by 1000 bases” and uncheck the box for “Introns” (this will remove all introns from the sequence that is retrieved). We also want to add 500 bases past the end of the gene, so check the box for “Downstream by 100 bases.” Also, make sure that under “Sequence Formatting Options,” th ...
Glucocorticoid Receptor-mediated Suppression of the Interleukin 2
Glucocorticoid Receptor-mediated Suppression of the Interleukin 2

... in the 5' flanking region of the gene (6, 13-21). Several putative enhancer cis elements have been identified in the -300 bp region of the gene, including two AP-l-like and octamer motifs, AP-3 and NFkB dements, a purine-rich region binding a less identified protein called nudear factor of activated ...
How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism
How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism

... How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism Introduction: In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism - the Snork. Snorks were discovered on the planet Dee Enae in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with eight genes on it. Your job is to a ...
Von Neumann`s Quintessential Message: Genotype C Ribotype D
Von Neumann`s Quintessential Message: Genotype C Ribotype D

... double helix, put forward what he called the central dogma of molecular biology: Proteins are not made directly from genes—there must be an intermediary between them, and this intermediary is RNA [2]. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains the information needed by a biological organism to carry out i ...
Speaker: Dr. Arnob Dutta Title: Multiple mechanisms to regulate the
Speaker: Dr. Arnob Dutta Title: Multiple mechanisms to regulate the

... Title: Multiple mechanisms to regulate the Swi/Snf chromatin remodeler Abstract: The Swi/Snf chromatin remodeling complex functions to alter nucleosome positions by either sliding nucleosomes on DNA or the eviction of histones. The presence of histone acetylation and activator dependent recruitment ...
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Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes.The regulation of transcription is a vital process in all living organisms. It is orchestrated by transcription factors and other proteins working in concert to finely tune the amount of RNA being produced through a variety of mechanisms. Prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms have very different strategies of accomplishing control over transcription, but some important features remain conserved between the two. Most importantly is the idea of combinatorial control, which is that any given gene is likely controlled by a specific combination of factors to control transcription. In a hypothetical example, the factors A and B might regulate a distinct set of genes from the combination of factors A and C. This combinatorial nature extends to complexes of far more than two proteins, and allows a very small subset (less than 10%) of the genome to control the transcriptional program of the entire cell.
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