Evolution Slides #1
... Similar in shape and construction… example of how could be inherited form from a common ancestor with similar anatomical bone comparisons. ...
... Similar in shape and construction… example of how could be inherited form from a common ancestor with similar anatomical bone comparisons. ...
LEVELS OF SELECTION We usually think of natural selection as
... white cells, some white mutants cause cells to grow and divide more slowly. 2. Group selection If population is subdivided into groups = populations, demes, etc., then if one group has a trait that allows it to survive and replace other groups that do not have the trait, this can be viewed as select ...
... white cells, some white mutants cause cells to grow and divide more slowly. 2. Group selection If population is subdivided into groups = populations, demes, etc., then if one group has a trait that allows it to survive and replace other groups that do not have the trait, this can be viewed as select ...
Natural Selection
... offspring that allow some traits to be more successful than others in a particular environment. “Variety is the spice of life”— exact clones are prone to failure and extinction! ...
... offspring that allow some traits to be more successful than others in a particular environment. “Variety is the spice of life”— exact clones are prone to failure and extinction! ...
12 Evolution 2016
... Vestigal Organ- organ that serves no useful function Natural Selection- organisms best suited to their environment will survive; survival of the fittest Homologous Structure- structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same original tissues (ex: arm, fin, ...
... Vestigal Organ- organ that serves no useful function Natural Selection- organisms best suited to their environment will survive; survival of the fittest Homologous Structure- structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same original tissues (ex: arm, fin, ...
13 Evolution 2015
... Vestigal Organ- organ that serves no useful function Natural Selection- organisms best suited to their environment will survive; survival of the fittest Homologous Structure- structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same original tissues (ex: arm, fin, ...
... Vestigal Organ- organ that serves no useful function Natural Selection- organisms best suited to their environment will survive; survival of the fittest Homologous Structure- structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but develop from the same original tissues (ex: arm, fin, ...
Selection Coevolution
... Red Queen situation: to remain in one place (survive without being vulnerable to pathogens), you have to keep evolving new defenses. In this case there is frequency-dependent selection, where the common phenotype has a reduced fitness (pathogens will easily infect individuals who all have the same i ...
... Red Queen situation: to remain in one place (survive without being vulnerable to pathogens), you have to keep evolving new defenses. In this case there is frequency-dependent selection, where the common phenotype has a reduced fitness (pathogens will easily infect individuals who all have the same i ...
Genetic Variation within Populations
... genetic variation? • Why does genetic variation increase the chance that some individuals in a population will survive? • Describe two main sources of genetic variation. • In what way is a gene pool representative of a population? • If a certain trait’s allele frequency is 100%, describe the genetic ...
... genetic variation? • Why does genetic variation increase the chance that some individuals in a population will survive? • Describe two main sources of genetic variation. • In what way is a gene pool representative of a population? • If a certain trait’s allele frequency is 100%, describe the genetic ...
Evolution Review
... Males of two species of bower birds make different styles of nests to attract females. This is an example of ___ isolation. (a) Behavioral (b) Geographic (c) Temporal (d) Nesting ...
... Males of two species of bower birds make different styles of nests to attract females. This is an example of ___ isolation. (a) Behavioral (b) Geographic (c) Temporal (d) Nesting ...
Natural selection on single gene traits
... If red lizards are more visible to predators, they would be less likely to survive. Black lizards might absorb more sunlight and warm up faster which could allow them to escape a predator more effectively. The red lizard can not reproduce if it is dead and will not affect the gene frequency. The bl ...
... If red lizards are more visible to predators, they would be less likely to survive. Black lizards might absorb more sunlight and warm up faster which could allow them to escape a predator more effectively. The red lizard can not reproduce if it is dead and will not affect the gene frequency. The bl ...
HW 2 key
... offspring of Rhinogrades (a tropical mammal). What statement can be made about the heritability of height? Can you say whether height is under genetic control? Why is heritability important for Darwinian natural selection? The best fit line has no discernible slope, and indicates the heritability in ...
... offspring of Rhinogrades (a tropical mammal). What statement can be made about the heritability of height? Can you say whether height is under genetic control? Why is heritability important for Darwinian natural selection? The best fit line has no discernible slope, and indicates the heritability in ...
Microevolution
... generation-to-generation change in a population’s frequency of alleles Even if the allele frequencies of only one gene (ie. flower color) are changing, the change in the gene pool is known as ...
... generation-to-generation change in a population’s frequency of alleles Even if the allele frequencies of only one gene (ie. flower color) are changing, the change in the gene pool is known as ...
Ch 23 Notes
... Especially small populations or islands. GENETIC VARIATION: the substrate for natural selection. Polymorphism is normal variation. So a black cat can have kittens of all different colors. ...
... Especially small populations or islands. GENETIC VARIATION: the substrate for natural selection. Polymorphism is normal variation. So a black cat can have kittens of all different colors. ...
Hardy-Weinberg loven for genfrekvens stabilitet i store
... Hardy-Weinberg law Mutation: The selection coefficient has the symbol s The mutation frequency has the symbol m Selection mutations equilibrium occurs when: q2 s = m for the recessive genes pq s = p s = m for the dominant genes ...
... Hardy-Weinberg law Mutation: The selection coefficient has the symbol s The mutation frequency has the symbol m Selection mutations equilibrium occurs when: q2 s = m for the recessive genes pq s = p s = m for the dominant genes ...
Notes on Evolution, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Primates
... In isolated populations Migrating indivs. start breeding Immigrants can add new alleles Not necessarily random ...
... In isolated populations Migrating indivs. start breeding Immigrants can add new alleles Not necessarily random ...
Natural selection - Mercer Island School District
... favorable traits exist in the gene pool. • Because organisms must do many things, adaptations are usually compromises. • A population’s ability to adapt is limited by its reproductive capacity. (Species with faster reproductive rate may be able to adapt more quickly because they can go through more ...
... favorable traits exist in the gene pool. • Because organisms must do many things, adaptations are usually compromises. • A population’s ability to adapt is limited by its reproductive capacity. (Species with faster reproductive rate may be able to adapt more quickly because they can go through more ...
Causes of Microevolution - Effingham County Schools
... curve for variations in some phenotypic character in one direction or the other by favoring what are initially relatively rare individuals that deviate from the average for that character • Diversifying Selection – occurs when environmental conditions are varied in a way that favors individuals on b ...
... curve for variations in some phenotypic character in one direction or the other by favoring what are initially relatively rare individuals that deviate from the average for that character • Diversifying Selection – occurs when environmental conditions are varied in a way that favors individuals on b ...
Greg's presentation material
... the question of evolution itself, rather than on Darwin’s proposed mechanism. After the fact of evolution had become established, however, Darwin’s proposed mechanism came under close scrutiny. Beginning about 1880, many scientists—including some of Darwin’s most ardent defenders—expressed discomfor ...
... the question of evolution itself, rather than on Darwin’s proposed mechanism. After the fact of evolution had become established, however, Darwin’s proposed mechanism came under close scrutiny. Beginning about 1880, many scientists—including some of Darwin’s most ardent defenders—expressed discomfor ...
The Major Transitions in Evolution
... consequences experienced by organisms having three or more sexes; yet what else should he do if he wishes to understand why the sexes are, in fact, always two?" ...
... consequences experienced by organisms having three or more sexes; yet what else should he do if he wishes to understand why the sexes are, in fact, always two?" ...
BIO1300 – PRACTICE Midterm1 2016
... - This is a closed book exam - write your name and student # at the top of EACH page - check that your exam is complete, there are 6 pages in all - think carefully and answer the questions thoughtfully, drawing upon the information and using the terminology that you have learned in this course ...
... - This is a closed book exam - write your name and student # at the top of EACH page - check that your exam is complete, there are 6 pages in all - think carefully and answer the questions thoughtfully, drawing upon the information and using the terminology that you have learned in this course ...
Population genetics
... Runaway sexual selection posits that extreme male traits (such as the male peacock's tail, or the huge antlers of the now-extinct Irish Elk) can evolve through a process in which the male trait and the female preference for that trait become genetically linked. The male trait does not necessarily ...
... Runaway sexual selection posits that extreme male traits (such as the male peacock's tail, or the huge antlers of the now-extinct Irish Elk) can evolve through a process in which the male trait and the female preference for that trait become genetically linked. The male trait does not necessarily ...
Evolution of altruism
... • A behavior that is altruistic at the level of an individual could increase the representation of those genes in the next generation (increase inclusive fitness) • Only works if altruism dispensed to genetically similar individuals ...
... • A behavior that is altruistic at the level of an individual could increase the representation of those genes in the next generation (increase inclusive fitness) • Only works if altruism dispensed to genetically similar individuals ...
Mutation Migration
... (a) Directional Selection: As shown above, individuals at the left-most end of the graph have lower fitness/lower probability of surviving. As generations continue to reproduce in a stable environment, the curve is pushed to the right of the original because those phenotypes are more advantageous. ( ...
... (a) Directional Selection: As shown above, individuals at the left-most end of the graph have lower fitness/lower probability of surviving. As generations continue to reproduce in a stable environment, the curve is pushed to the right of the original because those phenotypes are more advantageous. ( ...
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection is imagined to act at the level of the group, instead of at the more conventional level of the individual.Early authors such as V. C. Wynne-Edwards and Konrad Lorenz argued that the behavior of animals could affect their survival and reproduction as groups.From the mid 1960s, evolutionary biologists such as John Maynard Smith argued that natural selection acted primarily at the level of the individual. They argued on the basis of mathematical models that individuals would not altruistically sacrifice fitness for the sake of a group. They persuaded the majority of biologists that group selection did not occur, other than in special situations such as the haplodiploid social insects like honeybees (in the Hymenoptera), where kin selection was possible.In 1994 David Sloan Wilson and Elliott Sober argued for multi-level selection, including group selection, on the grounds that groups, like individuals, could compete. In 2010 three authors including E. O. Wilson, known for his work on ants, again revisited the arguments for group selection, provoking a strong rebuttal from a large group of evolutionary biologists. As of yet, there is no clear consensus among biologists regarding the importance of group selection.