Leo Strauss and the Crisis of Rationalism
... in the first instance, Jacobi’s concept of reason: instead of making Jacobi into one of the Schwärmerei or a partisan of illuminism, which would be to conflate the German and French Enlightenments, Strauss sees what is at stake in Jacobi’s distinction between understanding and reason. The understand ...
... in the first instance, Jacobi’s concept of reason: instead of making Jacobi into one of the Schwärmerei or a partisan of illuminism, which would be to conflate the German and French Enlightenments, Strauss sees what is at stake in Jacobi’s distinction between understanding and reason. The understand ...
A reply on Spinoza`s behalf
... answer, at least, was affirmative, as Michael Forster observes; yet the relation is more complex. To understand the relation between Spinoza’s ethical philosophy and Christianity, we must invoke his distinction between the free and those who are yet in bondage to the passions – that is, between genuin ...
... answer, at least, was affirmative, as Michael Forster observes; yet the relation is more complex. To understand the relation between Spinoza’s ethical philosophy and Christianity, we must invoke his distinction between the free and those who are yet in bondage to the passions – that is, between genuin ...
Against the Idols of the Age
... You offer people two propositions: ‘No one can act voluntarily except in his own interests,’ and ‘No one can act voluntarily except from some interest of his own.’ The second is a trivial truth, while the first is an outlandish falsity. But what proportion of people can be relied on to notice any di ...
... You offer people two propositions: ‘No one can act voluntarily except in his own interests,’ and ‘No one can act voluntarily except from some interest of his own.’ The second is a trivial truth, while the first is an outlandish falsity. But what proportion of people can be relied on to notice any di ...
Metaphysics as the First Philosophy
... to explicate the Aristotelian notion of “substance” in any detail, but it is important to understand that substances are ontologically prior – this is a topic that I will return to in the next section.2 Aristotle lists a number of different options for what it is to be a substance; the primary candi ...
... to explicate the Aristotelian notion of “substance” in any detail, but it is important to understand that substances are ontologically prior – this is a topic that I will return to in the next section.2 Aristotle lists a number of different options for what it is to be a substance; the primary candi ...
Dialectic and Dialogue in Plato: Revisiting the Image of "Socrates
... In this paper, I am working from an interpretation of the “Socratic-method” that differs drastically from the aforementioned forms of “dialectic,” one in which the method of questioning expresses a sense of ignorance against the backdrop of an “understanding” that allows for questions to be given fo ...
... In this paper, I am working from an interpretation of the “Socratic-method” that differs drastically from the aforementioned forms of “dialectic,” one in which the method of questioning expresses a sense of ignorance against the backdrop of an “understanding” that allows for questions to be given fo ...
Dane Rudhyar and Alan Leo Platonistic roots
... Here Leo is clearly defining fate as coming from or being represented by the “planetary influences” and it is the journey of life for the individual to overcome these fated forces through the use of their own will power. Alan Leo’s astrology is spiritually driven, with the theme that the horoscope p ...
... Here Leo is clearly defining fate as coming from or being represented by the “planetary influences” and it is the journey of life for the individual to overcome these fated forces through the use of their own will power. Alan Leo’s astrology is spiritually driven, with the theme that the horoscope p ...
HERMENEUTICAL PARADOXES IN THE TRIAL OF SOCRATES A. Ladikos
... virtue is knowiedge, is important to the Platonic commentator since it expresses the central point of the ethical theory developed by Plato out of the dictums of Socrates. It is also significant to the moral philosopher because that ethical theory has been defended and aUacked on a continuous basis ...
... virtue is knowiedge, is important to the Platonic commentator since it expresses the central point of the ethical theory developed by Plato out of the dictums of Socrates. It is also significant to the moral philosopher because that ethical theory has been defended and aUacked on a continuous basis ...
Was Berkeley an Ethical Egoist
... predictable ways. Humans do not react well to having their property stolen, having friends or relatives murdered, being told lies, being treated with little or no respect, and so forth. If one is morally obligated to maximize one’s own pleasure or happiness, these facts must be taken into account ev ...
... predictable ways. Humans do not react well to having their property stolen, having friends or relatives murdered, being told lies, being treated with little or no respect, and so forth. If one is morally obligated to maximize one’s own pleasure or happiness, these facts must be taken into account ev ...
Review Article Reasons Consequentialism Benjamin Sachs Journal of Moral Philosophy 10 (2013) 671–682
... ability to recognize and respond to other kinds of reason, especially selfinterested reasons. Furthermore, sometimes their development is arrested and they never gain the former ability at all. Portmore anticipates something like this objection. He says, … the person who wishes to deny moral rationa ...
... ability to recognize and respond to other kinds of reason, especially selfinterested reasons. Furthermore, sometimes their development is arrested and they never gain the former ability at all. Portmore anticipates something like this objection. He says, … the person who wishes to deny moral rationa ...
quine - University of St Andrews
... in formal proofs. They thus have their rightful place in the tool-kit of the logician. So it seems wise to bring them into the picture. Also, the definition of logical truth might become more perspicuous this way. ...
... in formal proofs. They thus have their rightful place in the tool-kit of the logician. So it seems wise to bring them into the picture. Also, the definition of logical truth might become more perspicuous this way. ...
Theoretical Reason and Practical Reason for Kant and Tabataba`i
... freedom. So reason for both philosophers is the origin of ethics and humanity, and as a distinguisher between human and animal. Another point is about the relation between practical reason and theoretical reason. For both thinkers, there is no remarkable relation between theoretical and practical re ...
... freedom. So reason for both philosophers is the origin of ethics and humanity, and as a distinguisher between human and animal. Another point is about the relation between practical reason and theoretical reason. For both thinkers, there is no remarkable relation between theoretical and practical re ...
What if all truth is context-dependent?
... in such a situation using an abstract notion of quantifying across ever-wider contexts – something can be defined as absolutely true if it is true in all contexts containing the one it is posited in. Such a quantification is, of course, an absolute notion – standing above a never-ending progression ...
... in such a situation using an abstract notion of quantifying across ever-wider contexts – something can be defined as absolutely true if it is true in all contexts containing the one it is posited in. Such a quantification is, of course, an absolute notion – standing above a never-ending progression ...
![neo-sentimentalism`s prospects[*]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009264094_1-6dcd9159bd6aa465a7b5d6611934e24f-300x300.png)
neo-sentimentalism`s prospects[*]
... Part of the plausibility of neo-sentimentalism is due to the fact that it is difficult to deny that values and emotional responses, or at least that their concepts, are closely related. It is quite obvious that concepts such as admirable or disgusting are interconnected with the concepts of emotion ...
... Part of the plausibility of neo-sentimentalism is due to the fact that it is difficult to deny that values and emotional responses, or at least that their concepts, are closely related. It is quite obvious that concepts such as admirable or disgusting are interconnected with the concepts of emotion ...
THE PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY (London: Oxford University
... Other philosophers since Berkeley have also held that, although the table does not depend for its existence upon being seen by me, it does depend upon being seen (or otherwise apprehended in sensation) by some mind—not necessarily the mind of God, but more often the whole collective mind of the univ ...
... Other philosophers since Berkeley have also held that, although the table does not depend for its existence upon being seen by me, it does depend upon being seen (or otherwise apprehended in sensation) by some mind—not necessarily the mind of God, but more often the whole collective mind of the univ ...
On the Logic of the Ontological Argument
... of God. We examine the famous ontological argument in Proslogium ii. Many recent authors have interpreted this argument as a modal one.1 But we believe that Jonathan Barnes has argued persuasively that Anselm’s argument is not modal.2 Even if one were to construe the word ‘can’ in the definite descr ...
... of God. We examine the famous ontological argument in Proslogium ii. Many recent authors have interpreted this argument as a modal one.1 But we believe that Jonathan Barnes has argued persuasively that Anselm’s argument is not modal.2 Even if one were to construe the word ‘can’ in the definite descr ...
problemsofphilosophy
... Other philosophers since Berkeley have also held that, although the table does not depend for its existence upon being seen by me, it does depend upon being seen (or otherwise apprehended in sensation) by _some_ mind--not necessarily the mind of God, but more often the whole collective mind of the u ...
... Other philosophers since Berkeley have also held that, although the table does not depend for its existence upon being seen by me, it does depend upon being seen (or otherwise apprehended in sensation) by _some_ mind--not necessarily the mind of God, but more often the whole collective mind of the u ...
Asian Philosophy (CH. 18 of AP)
... in a larger whole, the primordial Dao, from which everything originates, and which courses through everything. Human knowledge, at its best, transcends the limits of percepts and concepts and intuits the Dao directly. It is direct and immediate, not being dependent upon a false duality between the k ...
... in a larger whole, the primordial Dao, from which everything originates, and which courses through everything. Human knowledge, at its best, transcends the limits of percepts and concepts and intuits the Dao directly. It is direct and immediate, not being dependent upon a false duality between the k ...
Epistemic Reasons II: Basing
... Factualists will respond by rejecting (2) and saying that the facts that are objects of certain mental states are the relevant causal factors. This picture is attractive in some cases. “John believes it rained because the streets are wet” sounds like it could be literally true. Life is harder, howev ...
... Factualists will respond by rejecting (2) and saying that the facts that are objects of certain mental states are the relevant causal factors. This picture is attractive in some cases. “John believes it rained because the streets are wet” sounds like it could be literally true. Life is harder, howev ...
How the numbers count_handout_Lund
... uncontroversial that one can have sufficient or decisive reasons to φ without having any particular reason to φ that is on its own sufficient or decisive. It is plausible that at least some moral reasons allow for intrapersonal aggregation. Suppose I have given two promises to a friend that I cannot ...
... uncontroversial that one can have sufficient or decisive reasons to φ without having any particular reason to φ that is on its own sufficient or decisive. It is plausible that at least some moral reasons allow for intrapersonal aggregation. Suppose I have given two promises to a friend that I cannot ...
predication theory: classical vs modern
... the subject" (1949, l, l1b, 10, emphasis mine). There is some ambiguity in this rule. Consider the chain: X is predicated of Y, Y is predicated of W. In order to infer that X is predicated of W should "X is predicated of Y" be as of a subject, or rather "Y is predicated of W", or both? Examples and ...
... the subject" (1949, l, l1b, 10, emphasis mine). There is some ambiguity in this rule. Consider the chain: X is predicated of Y, Y is predicated of W. In order to infer that X is predicated of W should "X is predicated of Y" be as of a subject, or rather "Y is predicated of W", or both? Examples and ...
PDF
... beliefs logically imply a conclusion may give you a reason to accept that conclusion, this does not hold in the general case. For one thing, you may not realize that the implication holds. For another, even if you do recognize the implication, the conclusion may be implausible, so that the implicati ...
... beliefs logically imply a conclusion may give you a reason to accept that conclusion, this does not hold in the general case. For one thing, you may not realize that the implication holds. For another, even if you do recognize the implication, the conclusion may be implausible, so that the implicati ...
1 KANT ON VIRTUE: SEEKING THE IDEAL IN HUMAN
... have an indirect ethical duty to conform to legal duties but we have direct “duties of virtue” to adopt two fundamental ends – one’s own perfection and the happiness of others. The ethical duties are not merely to behave in ways that in fact promote these ends but also to make it a principle (or max ...
... have an indirect ethical duty to conform to legal duties but we have direct “duties of virtue” to adopt two fundamental ends – one’s own perfection and the happiness of others. The ethical duties are not merely to behave in ways that in fact promote these ends but also to make it a principle (or max ...
Morality - General Guide To Personal and Societies Web Space at
... acceptance by some individual or group. They are thus items that can be studied by the empirical social sciences, understood broadly, perhaps, to include empathic or hermeneutic Verstehen no less than detached observation. Morality, as we philosophers now understand it, by contrast, is an essentiall ...
... acceptance by some individual or group. They are thus items that can be studied by the empirical social sciences, understood broadly, perhaps, to include empathic or hermeneutic Verstehen no less than detached observation. Morality, as we philosophers now understand it, by contrast, is an essentiall ...
D. C. Schindler Plato`s Critique of Impure Reason: On Goodness
... maintains that he is nevertheless committed to a form of relativism. Of course, Thrasymachus does not make the relativist argument precisely when one would most expect it (340d). Instead, he offers an argument from ideal conditions. Only when rulers are at their best are they infallible. Schindler’s ...
... maintains that he is nevertheless committed to a form of relativism. Of course, Thrasymachus does not make the relativist argument precisely when one would most expect it (340d). Instead, he offers an argument from ideal conditions. Only when rulers are at their best are they infallible. Schindler’s ...
heraclitean critique of kantian and enlightenment ethics through the
... irrefutability of the Heraclitean notion of universal becoming or the transitory nature of all things, admitting the impossibility of positing a totally persistent and self-conscious subject. The major Heraclitean doctrine of panta rhei makes it impossible to conduct philosophical inquiry by assumin ...
... irrefutability of the Heraclitean notion of universal becoming or the transitory nature of all things, admitting the impossibility of positing a totally persistent and self-conscious subject. The major Heraclitean doctrine of panta rhei makes it impossible to conduct philosophical inquiry by assumin ...
Stoicism
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The Stoics taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, and the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom, and the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is in accord with nature. Because of this, the Stoics presented their philosophy as a way of life, and they thought that the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how that person behaved.Later Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that, because ""virtue is sufficient for happiness"", a sage was immune to misfortune. This belief is similar to the meaning of the phrase ""stoic calm"", though the phrase does not include the ""radical ethical"" Stoic views that only a sage can be considered truly free, and that all moral corruptions are equally vicious.From its founding, Stoic doctrine was popular with a following in Roman Greece and throughout the Roman Empire — including the Emperor Marcus Aurelius — until the closing of all pagan philosophy schools in 529 AD by order of the Emperor Justinian I, who perceived them as being at odds with Christian faith. Neostoicism was a syncretic philosophical movement, joining Stoicism and Christianity, influenced by Justus Lipsius.