The Rise of History: Kant, Herder, and the End of the Enlightenment
... The place of history in present academia is assured, not even questioned. Yet such a state of affairs was not always the case, as the professional historian did not even come into existence until the nineteenth century with the rise of a modern conception of history. Ernst Cassirer’s assertion that ...
... The place of history in present academia is assured, not even questioned. Yet such a state of affairs was not always the case, as the professional historian did not even come into existence until the nineteenth century with the rise of a modern conception of history. Ernst Cassirer’s assertion that ...
Good and Evil: An Absolute Conception, Second Edition
... question, ‘How should one live?’ My primary aim is to understand those encounters and to place them in traditions of philosophical thought about morality and concern over the meaning of our lives more generally. Even in its most polemical final chapter, my concern is to understand what moral philosop ...
... question, ‘How should one live?’ My primary aim is to understand those encounters and to place them in traditions of philosophical thought about morality and concern over the meaning of our lives more generally. Even in its most polemical final chapter, my concern is to understand what moral philosop ...
Ph 205 Historical Introduction to Philosophy
... the beholder or is there an objective standard? Aquinas & Existence of God: Should nonCatholic sources of knowledge be used in theology? ...
... the beholder or is there an objective standard? Aquinas & Existence of God: Should nonCatholic sources of knowledge be used in theology? ...
Cicero`s Tusculan Disputations
... the principles and rules of all arts which relate to living well depend on the study of wisdom, which is called philosophy, I have thought it an employment worthy of me to illustrate them in the Latin tongue, not because philosophy could not be understood in the Greek language, or by the teaching of ...
... the principles and rules of all arts which relate to living well depend on the study of wisdom, which is called philosophy, I have thought it an employment worthy of me to illustrate them in the Latin tongue, not because philosophy could not be understood in the Greek language, or by the teaching of ...
Articles Plato and Aristophanes: Poets of Hope
... University Press, 1993), p. 5. Yet, Old Comedy was known for its political and social commentary; G. E. M. de Ste. Croix argues in his Origins of the Peloponnesian War (London: Duckworth, 1972), p. xxix, that we can know Aristophanes’s intentions. Malcolm Heath gives an overview of the debate in his ...
... University Press, 1993), p. 5. Yet, Old Comedy was known for its political and social commentary; G. E. M. de Ste. Croix argues in his Origins of the Peloponnesian War (London: Duckworth, 1972), p. xxix, that we can know Aristophanes’s intentions. Malcolm Heath gives an overview of the debate in his ...
Govier`s Distinguishing A Priori from Inductive Arguments by
... One may ask how these a priori warrants are backed. If it is self-evident that from an act’s involving ingesting something which has been in someone else’s body we may infer (ceteris paribus) that the act is one that no person can be compelled to perform, then the warrant is self-backed. It needs no ...
... One may ask how these a priori warrants are backed. If it is self-evident that from an act’s involving ingesting something which has been in someone else’s body we may infer (ceteris paribus) that the act is one that no person can be compelled to perform, then the warrant is self-backed. It needs no ...
The Role of Language and Logic in Brouwer`s Work
... (1) “Intellect is immediately accompanied by language. Living in the intellect carries the impossibility to communicate, ...., and people start to train themselves and their progeny in an understanding by means of signs, cumbersome and – rather powerless , because nobody has communicated his soul th ...
... (1) “Intellect is immediately accompanied by language. Living in the intellect carries the impossibility to communicate, ...., and people start to train themselves and their progeny in an understanding by means of signs, cumbersome and – rather powerless , because nobody has communicated his soul th ...
brandomsingularterms..
... But inference is a relation that holds between sets of sentences. How then can inference explain the referential meaning of subsentential units such as the singular terms and predicates of first order logic, or their natural language analogues? Since, according to Brandom, our very concept of “objec ...
... But inference is a relation that holds between sets of sentences. How then can inference explain the referential meaning of subsentential units such as the singular terms and predicates of first order logic, or their natural language analogues? Since, according to Brandom, our very concept of “objec ...
Reasons and Moral Principles
... to play in morality? Moral theories can be thought of as having both a theoretical and a practical function. First, moral theories aim to explain certain phenomena. Those who take morality seriously wish to understand not merely what things are morally right and wrong, good and bad, just and unjust, ...
... to play in morality? Moral theories can be thought of as having both a theoretical and a practical function. First, moral theories aim to explain certain phenomena. Those who take morality seriously wish to understand not merely what things are morally right and wrong, good and bad, just and unjust, ...
aristotle`s poetics - U
... The two questions which arise out of this clear insistence on tragedy's concern with the movement of human action between the poles of success and failure are: first, why does Aristotle make so much of this movement, and, secondly, what is the relation between eutuchia, good fortune, and eudaimonia, ...
... The two questions which arise out of this clear insistence on tragedy's concern with the movement of human action between the poles of success and failure are: first, why does Aristotle make so much of this movement, and, secondly, what is the relation between eutuchia, good fortune, and eudaimonia, ...
Quine on "Alternative Logics"
... no more toward an understanding of it . . . . We have settled a people’s logical laws completely, so fa r as the truth-functional part of logic goes, once we have fixed our translations by the above semantic criteria’’ (WO 58, 60). Quine further contends t ha t these semantic criteria alone, without ...
... no more toward an understanding of it . . . . We have settled a people’s logical laws completely, so fa r as the truth-functional part of logic goes, once we have fixed our translations by the above semantic criteria’’ (WO 58, 60). Quine further contends t ha t these semantic criteria alone, without ...
Autonomy, autarkeia, autarchy and anarchy: what do we need in
... as self rule allows behaviour to reflect the agent’s evaluative assessment and does not reflect selfsufficiency. Autonomy as self-rule allows for external factors to affect the agent but presupposes the evaluation and acceptance of these factors by the agent, while autonomy as self sufficiency does ...
... as self rule allows behaviour to reflect the agent’s evaluative assessment and does not reflect selfsufficiency. Autonomy as self-rule allows for external factors to affect the agent but presupposes the evaluation and acceptance of these factors by the agent, while autonomy as self sufficiency does ...
The Moral Theories of Kant and Hume
... particularly provided for in that these impressions, in being immediate, are not derivable from either beliefs or feelings of some other sort. Thus, the moral order is not only circumscribed by moral sentiment but its authenticity is assured in sentiment’s being a pure interaction with its object. H ...
... particularly provided for in that these impressions, in being immediate, are not derivable from either beliefs or feelings of some other sort. Thus, the moral order is not only circumscribed by moral sentiment but its authenticity is assured in sentiment’s being a pure interaction with its object. H ...
Reasons, Rational Requirements, and the Putative Pseudo
... caught.) This fact is the sticking point for every attempt to show that for each person the weight of nonmoral reasons favors, or at least does not disfavor, regularly behaving morally. Moreover, even if this problem is solvable in principle, no one has yet solved it beyond dispute. Thus, even if th ...
... caught.) This fact is the sticking point for every attempt to show that for each person the weight of nonmoral reasons favors, or at least does not disfavor, regularly behaving morally. Moreover, even if this problem is solvable in principle, no one has yet solved it beyond dispute. Thus, even if th ...
If killing isn`t wrong, then nothing is: A naturalistic defence of basic
... However, a more troublesome challenge to the idea of basic moral certainty comes from those philosophers that accept Wittgenstein’s idea of basic empirical certainty but argue that moral certainty is significantly disanalogous to empirical certainty. Critics of the idea of basic moral certainty, suc ...
... However, a more troublesome challenge to the idea of basic moral certainty comes from those philosophers that accept Wittgenstein’s idea of basic empirical certainty but argue that moral certainty is significantly disanalogous to empirical certainty. Critics of the idea of basic moral certainty, suc ...
A Companion to Philosophy in the Middle Ages
... but also one of the richest and more complex. Its roots go back to ancient philosophy and we are still living with some of its consequences today. Indeed, a very large part of our philosophical vocabulary, whether in English, Spanish, or any other western European language, was developed in the Midd ...
... but also one of the richest and more complex. Its roots go back to ancient philosophy and we are still living with some of its consequences today. Indeed, a very large part of our philosophical vocabulary, whether in English, Spanish, or any other western European language, was developed in the Midd ...
(Routledge Contemporary Readings in Philosophy)
... when I say “Racism is wrong” I mean “My society disapproves of racism.” But which society does this refer to? Maybe most in my national and religious societies disapprove of racism, while most in my professional and family societies approve of it. Cultural relativism could give us clear guidance onl ...
... when I say “Racism is wrong” I mean “My society disapproves of racism.” But which society does this refer to? Maybe most in my national and religious societies disapprove of racism, while most in my professional and family societies approve of it. Cultural relativism could give us clear guidance onl ...
Reasons, rational requirements, and the putative pseudo
... with the philosophical arguments for it?9 Of course not. For whether it is ultimately true or not, it is neither obvious nor incontestably established that regularly doing the outward deeds required by morality comports with the weight of nonmoral reasons. After all, regularly doing those deeds enta ...
... with the philosophical arguments for it?9 Of course not. For whether it is ultimately true or not, it is neither obvious nor incontestably established that regularly doing the outward deeds required by morality comports with the weight of nonmoral reasons. After all, regularly doing those deeds enta ...
4 - Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis
... from experience up to this point, is perhaps more intimately connected to not being able to learn anything in the future than we are likely to realize. In any event, not to know anything (actually to be a skeptic) would possibly be endurable if it did not underwrite (or appear to underwrite) the fat ...
... from experience up to this point, is perhaps more intimately connected to not being able to learn anything in the future than we are likely to realize. In any event, not to know anything (actually to be a skeptic) would possibly be endurable if it did not underwrite (or appear to underwrite) the fat ...
“Moral Perfectionism” or Emerson`s “Moral Sentiment”?
... (Emerson 1835 1960-1982: 5.48); “whilst a man seeks good ends, he is strong by the whole strength of nature” (“Divinity School Address,” Emerson 1838; 1971-2007: 1.79); “all power is of one kind, a sharing of the nature of the world” (“Power”, Emerson 1860; 19712007: 6.30). It is the Emersonian “mor ...
... (Emerson 1835 1960-1982: 5.48); “whilst a man seeks good ends, he is strong by the whole strength of nature” (“Divinity School Address,” Emerson 1838; 1971-2007: 1.79); “all power is of one kind, a sharing of the nature of the world” (“Power”, Emerson 1860; 19712007: 6.30). It is the Emersonian “mor ...
Does Moral Theory Corrupt Youth?
... principles that forbid us from acting in certain ways even to prevent more actions of the very same kind—rest on the apparent difficulty of assimilating these restrictions to a coherent system of principles. What is the rationale for prohibiting action of a certain kind if not to minimize its occurr ...
... principles that forbid us from acting in certain ways even to prevent more actions of the very same kind—rest on the apparent difficulty of assimilating these restrictions to a coherent system of principles. What is the rationale for prohibiting action of a certain kind if not to minimize its occurr ...
Virtue, Knowledge, and Goodness
... These three essays are divergent, yet each in its own way concerns the relationship between virtue and other goods, where virtue is understood as being good qua person. Specifically, part one explores reasons why such virtues are ill-suited for employment in analyses of knowledge which understand kn ...
... These three essays are divergent, yet each in its own way concerns the relationship between virtue and other goods, where virtue is understood as being good qua person. Specifically, part one explores reasons why such virtues are ill-suited for employment in analyses of knowledge which understand kn ...
Plato`s Apology of Socrates: Philosophy, Religion, and the Gods in
... him to change. Judging by Aristophnanes’ prominence in the Apology, it is very likely to be that critique. The recognition that the traditional philosophic approach is insufficiently self-conscious is the beginning of his second sailing. The direct investigation of things can cause what Socrates ca ...
... him to change. Judging by Aristophnanes’ prominence in the Apology, it is very likely to be that critique. The recognition that the traditional philosophic approach is insufficiently self-conscious is the beginning of his second sailing. The direct investigation of things can cause what Socrates ca ...
Carving a Niche for Immoderate Moral Realism
... disputed issues, cases where rules seem to conflict, etc. Wedgwood thinks that we ought to be less trustful of our moral intuitions in the abnormal and exceptional cases, however. This is because of his view about the origins of our moral intuitions. Our moral intuitions, according to Wedgwood, are ...
... disputed issues, cases where rules seem to conflict, etc. Wedgwood thinks that we ought to be less trustful of our moral intuitions in the abnormal and exceptional cases, however. This is because of his view about the origins of our moral intuitions. Our moral intuitions, according to Wedgwood, are ...
Constructivism in Ethics and Metaethics
... previous ethical theories have failed to account for moral obligation because they have failed as theories of practical reason (Kant G 4: 441-444; C2 5: 35-41, 153, 157). They fail to capture the autonomy and independence of reason, that is, its capacity to produce objective moral ends. These theori ...
... previous ethical theories have failed to account for moral obligation because they have failed as theories of practical reason (Kant G 4: 441-444; C2 5: 35-41, 153, 157). They fail to capture the autonomy and independence of reason, that is, its capacity to produce objective moral ends. These theori ...
Stoicism
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The Stoics taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, and the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom, and the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (called prohairesis) that is in accord with nature. Because of this, the Stoics presented their philosophy as a way of life, and they thought that the best indication of an individual's philosophy was not what a person said but how that person behaved.Later Stoics—such as Seneca and Epictetus—emphasized that, because ""virtue is sufficient for happiness"", a sage was immune to misfortune. This belief is similar to the meaning of the phrase ""stoic calm"", though the phrase does not include the ""radical ethical"" Stoic views that only a sage can be considered truly free, and that all moral corruptions are equally vicious.From its founding, Stoic doctrine was popular with a following in Roman Greece and throughout the Roman Empire — including the Emperor Marcus Aurelius — until the closing of all pagan philosophy schools in 529 AD by order of the Emperor Justinian I, who perceived them as being at odds with Christian faith. Neostoicism was a syncretic philosophical movement, joining Stoicism and Christianity, influenced by Justus Lipsius.