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The Poetics of Philosophy [A Reading of Plato]
The Poetics of Philosophy [A Reading of Plato]

... Aristotle speaks of the material cause: “that from which, present in it, a thing comes to be … e.g., the bronze and silver, and their genera, are causes of the statue and the bowl.”2In a certain sense one could speak of music being the material cause of thought. However, no defini ...
glossary of philosophical terms
glossary of philosophical terms

... we assume that Hume is thinking of the total cause, the blowout plus all the other relevant factors that in this case led to the accident, including the design of the car and the skill of the driver. Taken this way, the universal succession analysis implies that if the blowout caused the accident, t ...
Bacon - American University of Beirut
Bacon - American University of Beirut

... mischievously in the discovery of causes; for although the most general principles in nature ought to be held merely positive, as they are discovered, and cannot with truth be referred to a cause, nevertheless the human understanding being unable to rest still seeks something prior in the order of n ...
naturalistic theory
naturalistic theory

... and Scientific materialism • The idea behind this principle is that natural causes can be investigated directly through scientific method. • The belief that nature is all that exists, and that all things supernatural (including gods, spirits, souls and non-natural values) therefore do not exist. ...
File
File

...  There, citizens could develop virtue (moral excellence) and choose goodness. With the right education, Plato believed that citizens could exercise self-control, and be less selfish. This ideal state is described in his dialogue The Republic. ...
1 The Aristotelian Method and Aristotelian Metaphysics
1 The Aristotelian Method and Aristotelian Metaphysics

... the essences of the objects in question are. It is no surprise then, that essence is what Aristotle calls ‘the primary being’ (ousia) (cf. Politis 2004: ch. 7, Loux 1991). It must be noted here though that Aristotle's account, that of metaphysics as the science of essence, is itself a metaphysical a ...
Overheads 2abc
Overheads 2abc

... For Quintilian, a “good man” possessed a long list of attributes and behaviors, most of them oriented to civic duty. ...
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism

... In the same year, transcendentalism became a coherent movement with the founding of the Transcendental Club in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on September 8, 1836, by prominent New England intellectuals including George Putnam, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Frederick Henry Hedge. From 1840, the group publishe ...
1 Names and senses
1 Names and senses

... is any difference in the understanding of these two sentences point to the fact that there must be more than just the referent as a content of the name itself. Frege’s answer is to separate a name into a sense and a reference. The reference he holds to be the actual thing that the name is referring t ...
PlatoX6_Commentary-_..
PlatoX6_Commentary-_..

... questions. Although these characteristics of the written word are true, they are precisely what make the use of letters valuable and worthwhile. The partial ambiguity of written words and the element of subjective reasoning are the causes for the plethora of novel ideas and diverse perspectives that ...
deductive reasoning
deductive reasoning

... RECAP ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... longer deal with the elementary particles themselves but with our knowledge of them. Nor is it any longer possible to ask whether or not these particles exist ... objectively...” Heisenberg: “When we speak of the picture of nature in the exact science of our age, we do not mean a picture of nature s ...
Biology and Epistemology - Assets
Biology and Epistemology - Assets

... individuals as units of selection). As interesting as these interpretive, semantic, and ontological questions are, they do not focus on specifically epistemic concerns. There have, of course, been volumes written about so-called evolutionary epistemology. But these have sought the structure of an an ...
Ethics and euthanasia: natural law philosophy and latent utilitarianism
Ethics and euthanasia: natural law philosophy and latent utilitarianism

... Having put forward a fixed absolute category as the foundation of their argument, Keown and Gormally suggest that attaching any diminished worth to brain-dead individuals makes ‘the possession of human worth depend on an arbitrary discrimination between individuals’.20 It is important to scrutinise ...
Aztec Philosophy - University Press of Colorado
Aztec Philosophy - University Press of Colorado

... I approach Aztec metaphysics as a systematic, unified, and coherent corpus of thought, worthy of consideration in its own terms and for its own sake (quite apart from what contemporary Western readers may find instructive or valuable in it). I accordingly aim to understand the internal logic and str ...
Prelude
Prelude

... preferences. We see the same pattern as before: since my desires and preferences occur inside me, they are things that I can know about with certainty—unlike the world out there. The ethical problem of the inescapable self says that my reasons to act do not arise from objective values out there in t ...
L. Notes - School of Computing
L. Notes - School of Computing

... must be compatible with one another.A person’s view of reality (metaphysics ), must be consistent with how they think reality is known (epistemology), and how it is to be valued (axiology). Metaphysics: Is the fundamental or controlling element of philosophy, the way you explain reality will determi ...
`Spaces` in Mathematics, Physics, Subjectivity, and Historiography
`Spaces` in Mathematics, Physics, Subjectivity, and Historiography

... An Exemplary Case for an Integrated Historiography of Philosophy and Science: Weyl, Medicus, and the Concepts of Surrounding The aim of this paper is to sketch an approach for integrating the historiography of science and of philosophy in a systematic way. Although the details of this approach are t ...
1 PHIL 2303: Human Nature and the Meaning of Life Prof
1 PHIL 2303: Human Nature and the Meaning of Life Prof

... unknown facts from known facts. But Hume claims that no such inference is permissible in moral deliberation. We cannot reach a moral judgment until all the facts are made available to us. In the disquisitions of the understanding, from known circumstances and relations, we infer some new and unknown ...
Religion and Environmental Ethics
Religion and Environmental Ethics

... suffering. Though it does not directly deal with environmental ethics yet from the Buddhist writings concern for nature can be found. The natural world passes through alternating states of evolution and dissolution. Buddhists have a very soft corner for nature. They regard living things with great r ...
Intrinsic Morality Versus God`s Morality
Intrinsic Morality Versus God`s Morality

... Aquinas was born in 1224 to noble parents. They sent him away to study at the Monastery of Monte Cassino to be educated for a career in the Church. He was then sent to the University of Naples where he was first introduced to the writings of Aristotle. Because of his intense studies and following of ...
Full Text
Full Text

... exhibits design, theists postulate a God, a supernatural agent who is responsible for bringing about such design. This line of thought pervades the history of philosophy in the form of the Design Argument (DA). Not surprisingly, naturalists argue against attribution of appearance of design to actual ...
Biological Boundaries - University of Chicago Philosophy Department
Biological Boundaries - University of Chicago Philosophy Department

... genes or a genetic program while the former takes a more holistic approach to the sources and uses of information during development of the organism. The biological information debate has resonances with the traditional debate in biology between reductionism and holism, but has an interesting conseq ...
c1w3 - GEOCITIES.ws
c1w3 - GEOCITIES.ws

... • His confidence lay in the senses- empiricism • He wanted to swing the pendulum from the higher world to the material world • Plato’s belief in a separate metaphysical world beyond space and time seemed t contradict reason • This seemed to be mystical and showed that Plato undervalued the physical ...
Friendship - The University of Sydney
Friendship - The University of Sydney

... in De Anima 415 b 13 —“In the case of living things, their being is to live.”4) 4) Inherent in this perception of existing is another perception, specifically human, which takes the form of a concurrent perception (synaisthanesthai) of the friendʼs existence. Friendship is the instance of this concu ...
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Natural philosophy



Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science. It is considered to be the precursor of natural sciences.From the ancient world, starting with Aristotle, to the 19th century, the term ""natural philosophy"" was the common term used to describe the practice of studying nature. It was in the 19th century that the concept of ""science"" received its modern shape with new titles emerging such as ""biology"" and ""biologist"", ""physics"" and ""physicist"" among other technical fields and titles; institutions and communities were founded, and unprecedented applications to and interactions with other aspects of society and culture occurred. Isaac Newton's book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), whose title translates to ""Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"", reflects the then-current use of the words ""natural philosophy"", akin to ""systematic study of nature"". Even in the 19th century, a treatise by Lord Kelvin and Peter Guthrie Tait's, which helped define much of modern physics, was titled Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1867).In the German tradition, naturphilosophie or nature philosophy persisted into the 18th and 19th century as an attempt to achieve a speculative unity of nature and spirit. Some of the greatest names in German philosophy are associated with this movement, including Spinoza, Goethe, Hegel and Schelling.
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