Imre Lakatos`s Philosophy of Mathematics
... tried to harmonise these two fields of interest. There are signs showing that he intended to build a common ground for them, but perhaps this project could not even take a very definite shape before his early death. In this paper I shall concentrate on only one of these topics: his philosophy of mat ...
... tried to harmonise these two fields of interest. There are signs showing that he intended to build a common ground for them, but perhaps this project could not even take a very definite shape before his early death. In this paper I shall concentrate on only one of these topics: his philosophy of mat ...
Doctrine of Forms
... of their own– somewhere “out there” – apart from sensible things. Sensible things are copies or participations in these universal realities, but the latter abide in an unchanging heaven of their own, while sensible things are subject to change, in fact are always becoming and can never truly be said ...
... of their own– somewhere “out there” – apart from sensible things. Sensible things are copies or participations in these universal realities, but the latter abide in an unchanging heaven of their own, while sensible things are subject to change, in fact are always becoming and can never truly be said ...
The Trial and Death of Socrates
... tasted how sweet and blessed a possession philosophy is, and at the same time they’ve also seen the madness of the majority and realized, in a word, that hardly anyone acts sanely in public affairs and that there is no ally with whom they might go to the aid of justice and survive, that instead they ...
... tasted how sweet and blessed a possession philosophy is, and at the same time they’ve also seen the madness of the majority and realized, in a word, that hardly anyone acts sanely in public affairs and that there is no ally with whom they might go to the aid of justice and survive, that instead they ...
Aristotle on What It Means To Be Happy
... Consequently, there must be some ultimate Good at the end of this, otherwise we are faced with an infinite regress of desires until, at any rate, we die. The difficulty with this view, so early on in his work, is that the logic is fallacious and this can be demonstrated by ‘the roads to Rome fallacy ...
... Consequently, there must be some ultimate Good at the end of this, otherwise we are faced with an infinite regress of desires until, at any rate, we die. The difficulty with this view, so early on in his work, is that the logic is fallacious and this can be demonstrated by ‘the roads to Rome fallacy ...
1. The Opening Sentence
... have to be educated. But education can to be done properly only by those who are themselves educated (or perhaps even enlightened): and these are the (future) teachers. An educated person reasons well, and can think autonomously. Hence, since good teachers master their subject, they can teach metaph ...
... have to be educated. But education can to be done properly only by those who are themselves educated (or perhaps even enlightened): and these are the (future) teachers. An educated person reasons well, and can think autonomously. Hence, since good teachers master their subject, they can teach metaph ...
Curd, Ch. 2
... do; they are difficult for winds to move because of their resistance. They say that the earth does this same thing with respect to the air beneath because of its flatness. And the air, lacking sufficient room to move aside, stays at rest in a mass because of the air beneath. (Aristotle, On the Heave ...
... do; they are difficult for winds to move because of their resistance. They say that the earth does this same thing with respect to the air beneath because of its flatness. And the air, lacking sufficient room to move aside, stays at rest in a mass because of the air beneath. (Aristotle, On the Heave ...
From Controversies to Conflicts between Worlds
... seventeenth century. Let us take a closer look at this case which, as anticipated, I have selected as an example of conflicts between worlds which are not mutually incommensurable. There are several alternative interpretations of the true reason why Galileo was tried and condemned. The most obvious ...
... seventeenth century. Let us take a closer look at this case which, as anticipated, I have selected as an example of conflicts between worlds which are not mutually incommensurable. There are several alternative interpretations of the true reason why Galileo was tried and condemned. The most obvious ...
Supplemental Notes on Aristotle Philosophy 2
... intellectual and moral types) Must be over a lifetime and not just over brief periods. (EN 1100a4, 1101 a 14-20) Happiness via virtue includes the more common forms of happiness—i.e. pleasure, since any free and unimpeded activity entails pleasure. External goods are helpful and even required (in mo ...
... intellectual and moral types) Must be over a lifetime and not just over brief periods. (EN 1100a4, 1101 a 14-20) Happiness via virtue includes the more common forms of happiness—i.e. pleasure, since any free and unimpeded activity entails pleasure. External goods are helpful and even required (in mo ...
Classical Western Philosophy BA Philosophy UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT Core Course
... Who believed that God created the world out of nothing and before God created the world nothing existed? (a) Anaximander (b) Plato (c) Socrates (d) St. Augustine ...
... Who believed that God created the world out of nothing and before God created the world nothing existed? (a) Anaximander (b) Plato (c) Socrates (d) St. Augustine ...
My Slides - Thatmarcusfamily.org
... P An all-powerful God could have no use for an intermediate instrument. P “Though we do the utmost we can to secure the belief of matter, though, when reason forsakes us, we endeavor to support our opinion on the bare possibility of the thing, and though we indulge ourselves in the full scope of an ...
... P An all-powerful God could have no use for an intermediate instrument. P “Though we do the utmost we can to secure the belief of matter, though, when reason forsakes us, we endeavor to support our opinion on the bare possibility of the thing, and though we indulge ourselves in the full scope of an ...
From Number Mysticism to the Maßformel:
... that of other great scientists. Newton, for instance, was an enthusiastic and devoted alchemist who, at nighttime, conducted experiments in order to transmute metals and enciphered the results in a secret code afterwards. Another example is Kepler, who wrote in his Harmonice Mundi about number myst ...
... that of other great scientists. Newton, for instance, was an enthusiastic and devoted alchemist who, at nighttime, conducted experiments in order to transmute metals and enciphered the results in a secret code afterwards. Another example is Kepler, who wrote in his Harmonice Mundi about number myst ...
introduction: the task of thinking reality
... However, knowledge is not of oneself, but of an object, a determinate something that can be apprehended by the intellect. It is this object that is taken up into the human mind with respect to its intelligible nature. For Maritain, following Aristotle and Thomas, the knower becomes the object in the ...
... However, knowledge is not of oneself, but of an object, a determinate something that can be apprehended by the intellect. It is this object that is taken up into the human mind with respect to its intelligible nature. For Maritain, following Aristotle and Thomas, the knower becomes the object in the ...
Maimonides on Free Will - The Metaphysical Society of America
... Before I examine some key elements of his teaching, I must say something about these great philosophers and the world they inhabited. Medieval Europe did not inherit Greek philosophy directly from Greece, but indirectly through the channel of Syrian, Persian and Arabic scholars, scientists and philo ...
... Before I examine some key elements of his teaching, I must say something about these great philosophers and the world they inhabited. Medieval Europe did not inherit Greek philosophy directly from Greece, but indirectly through the channel of Syrian, Persian and Arabic scholars, scientists and philo ...
this PDF file
... ferent means and with different results — sets him apart from both mainstream philosophers of film as well as film theorists engaging with philosophy. So how to make sense of Cavell’s claim that the “marriage” between film and philosophy is grounded in their responses to scepticism? It is not that t ...
... ferent means and with different results — sets him apart from both mainstream philosophers of film as well as film theorists engaging with philosophy. So how to make sense of Cavell’s claim that the “marriage” between film and philosophy is grounded in their responses to scepticism? It is not that t ...
8. Handout on Plato`s Theory of Forms - Elly Pirocacos
... II. From an epistemological point of view Plato, siding with PARMENIDES, will hold that “knowledge is of what is” and “knowledge (unlike mere belief) is infallible”. These two premises are basic to Plato’s epistemological theory, so remember them. Parmenides was struck by the problem of being able t ...
... II. From an epistemological point of view Plato, siding with PARMENIDES, will hold that “knowledge is of what is” and “knowledge (unlike mere belief) is infallible”. These two premises are basic to Plato’s epistemological theory, so remember them. Parmenides was struck by the problem of being able t ...
Aristotle and the Problem of Human Knowledge
... I shall argue that, according to Aristotle, the knowledge we may attain is profoundly qualified by our status as human knowers. Throughout the corpus, Aristotle maintains a separation of knowledge at the broadest level into two kinds, human and divine. The separation is not complete—human knowers may ...
... I shall argue that, according to Aristotle, the knowledge we may attain is profoundly qualified by our status as human knowers. Throughout the corpus, Aristotle maintains a separation of knowledge at the broadest level into two kinds, human and divine. The separation is not complete—human knowers may ...
Thomas Hobbes: Apologist for Absolutism
... Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), the most original political philosopher of the 17th century, turned to reason and empirical observation to find an explanation for social institutions. Hobbes was an urbane and much-traveled man who enthusiastically supported the new scientific movement. He visited Paris a ...
... Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), the most original political philosopher of the 17th century, turned to reason and empirical observation to find an explanation for social institutions. Hobbes was an urbane and much-traveled man who enthusiastically supported the new scientific movement. He visited Paris a ...
1 - David Papineau
... will not normally derive from the availability of new empirical data. This is no doubt why scientists do not regard philosophical problems as scientific. But this doesn’t mean that philosophical theses are not empirical theories—just that they are not empirical theories whose acceptability depends o ...
... will not normally derive from the availability of new empirical data. This is no doubt why scientists do not regard philosophical problems as scientific. But this doesn’t mean that philosophical theses are not empirical theories—just that they are not empirical theories whose acceptability depends o ...
Dualism and Progress in Kant and Nietzsche
... it becomes realised as such, such that being involved and believing in the idea makes it happen, we create it so; we act in accordance to an idea and are committed to bring it about. This is a practical step that we can and do make towards making progress towards the idea of a future universal civil ...
... it becomes realised as such, such that being involved and believing in the idea makes it happen, we create it so; we act in accordance to an idea and are committed to bring it about. This is a practical step that we can and do make towards making progress towards the idea of a future universal civil ...
Metaphysics as the First Philosophy
... or how they are. Ontologically independent, fundamental entities are (primary) substances – of which forms are the key example. Here, we once again encounter essences, for Aristotle says that “By form I mean the essence of each thing and its primary substance” (1032b1–2).6 On a related note, Tierney ...
... or how they are. Ontologically independent, fundamental entities are (primary) substances – of which forms are the key example. Here, we once again encounter essences, for Aristotle says that “By form I mean the essence of each thing and its primary substance” (1032b1–2).6 On a related note, Tierney ...
A Realist Theory of Science
... complex to be perceived, which had been going on for millions of years before him. But he could not, at least if his theory is correct, have produced the process he described, the intransitive object of the knowledge he had produced: the mechanism of natural selection. We can easily imagine a world ...
... complex to be perceived, which had been going on for millions of years before him. But he could not, at least if his theory is correct, have produced the process he described, the intransitive object of the knowledge he had produced: the mechanism of natural selection. We can easily imagine a world ...
PHI 110 Lecture 1 1 Welcome to Philosophy 110, Introduction to
... between the body and the soul, in order to allow for there to be something that remains after death. Now, in this case we would be talking about a literal distinction. That is, that the word person or soul, or what have you, and the word human being and body literally refer to different things, one ...
... between the body and the soul, in order to allow for there to be something that remains after death. Now, in this case we would be talking about a literal distinction. That is, that the word person or soul, or what have you, and the word human being and body literally refer to different things, one ...
“Forever Wild” and Wild Philosophy
... in the twentieth, the philosophers William James, John Dewey, and other thinkers visited Keene Valley many times, hiking and camping in the area of Mt. Marcy (Schneider, 1997). Although some of these visitors wrote of the beauty of the region, or of the challenges of hiking the High Peaks, none prod ...
... in the twentieth, the philosophers William James, John Dewey, and other thinkers visited Keene Valley many times, hiking and camping in the area of Mt. Marcy (Schneider, 1997). Although some of these visitors wrote of the beauty of the region, or of the challenges of hiking the High Peaks, none prod ...
Philosophy 35
... strong philosophical and social transition in Europe. This transition involved the shift from a medieval world-view that emphasized absolute faith in religion, to a rational one that focused on proved truths and scientific thought. Naturally, the Church felt very threatened by these changes which we ...
... strong philosophical and social transition in Europe. This transition involved the shift from a medieval world-view that emphasized absolute faith in religion, to a rational one that focused on proved truths and scientific thought. Naturally, the Church felt very threatened by these changes which we ...
Ethan Frome - Stephen Hicks, Ph.D.
... then reason—the ‚most stiff-necked adversary of thought‛5 —was an obstacle that had to be discarded. Setting aside reason and logic The Question is repugnant to reason, as Heidegger wrote in An Introduction to Metaphysics, because we reach logical absurdity whichever way we go in attempting to answe ...
... then reason—the ‚most stiff-necked adversary of thought‛5 —was an obstacle that had to be discarded. Setting aside reason and logic The Question is repugnant to reason, as Heidegger wrote in An Introduction to Metaphysics, because we reach logical absurdity whichever way we go in attempting to answe ...
Natural philosophy
Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science. It is considered to be the precursor of natural sciences.From the ancient world, starting with Aristotle, to the 19th century, the term ""natural philosophy"" was the common term used to describe the practice of studying nature. It was in the 19th century that the concept of ""science"" received its modern shape with new titles emerging such as ""biology"" and ""biologist"", ""physics"" and ""physicist"" among other technical fields and titles; institutions and communities were founded, and unprecedented applications to and interactions with other aspects of society and culture occurred. Isaac Newton's book Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), whose title translates to ""Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"", reflects the then-current use of the words ""natural philosophy"", akin to ""systematic study of nature"". Even in the 19th century, a treatise by Lord Kelvin and Peter Guthrie Tait's, which helped define much of modern physics, was titled Treatise on Natural Philosophy (1867).In the German tradition, naturphilosophie or nature philosophy persisted into the 18th and 19th century as an attempt to achieve a speculative unity of nature and spirit. Some of the greatest names in German philosophy are associated with this movement, including Spinoza, Goethe, Hegel and Schelling.