Chemical Equations PowerPoint
... adding coefficients, NOT subscripts (this will require trial and error, the following guidelines may be helpful) a) balance the different types of atoms one at a time b) first, balance the atoms of elements that are combined and that appear only once on each side of the equation ...
... adding coefficients, NOT subscripts (this will require trial and error, the following guidelines may be helpful) a) balance the different types of atoms one at a time b) first, balance the atoms of elements that are combined and that appear only once on each side of the equation ...
19.2 preparation of acyl chlorides
... useful only if a method can be found to drive the equilibrium in the direction of the desired product—the ester. In accord with Le Chatelier’s principle, this is accomplished by using an excess of one of the reactants or by removing one of the products. An excess of the alcohol is used if it is read ...
... useful only if a method can be found to drive the equilibrium in the direction of the desired product—the ester. In accord with Le Chatelier’s principle, this is accomplished by using an excess of one of the reactants or by removing one of the products. An excess of the alcohol is used if it is read ...
+ H 2 O(l )
... What if the solution was basic? Notice that the method has assumed the solution was acidic - we added H+ to balance the equation. The [H+] in a basic solution is very small. The [OH-] is much greater. For this reason, we will add enough OH- ions to both sides of the equation to neutralize the H+ ad ...
... What if the solution was basic? Notice that the method has assumed the solution was acidic - we added H+ to balance the equation. The [H+] in a basic solution is very small. The [OH-] is much greater. For this reason, we will add enough OH- ions to both sides of the equation to neutralize the H+ ad ...
Alicyclic esters of phosphoric acids
... The reactants are employed in approximately stoichi ometric proportions--e. g., one mole of the phosphoric 30 acid per mole of bicycloheptadiene. This limitation is the cycloalkane, cyclohexane. not critical, however, and a larger or smaller amount of The desired product may be obtained from the rea ...
... The reactants are employed in approximately stoichi ometric proportions--e. g., one mole of the phosphoric 30 acid per mole of bicycloheptadiene. This limitation is the cycloalkane, cyclohexane. not critical, however, and a larger or smaller amount of The desired product may be obtained from the rea ...
The 9-Phenyl-9-fluorenyl Group for Nitrogen Protection in
... The Pf protected amino ketones are deprotonated and alkylated solely at ’-carbon. This feature of the Pf group has been most widely utilized. Enolization is commonly performed with KHMDS as a base and alkyl halides as electrophiles [14]. 4.1. Stereoselectivity of alkylation In general, the diastere ...
... The Pf protected amino ketones are deprotonated and alkylated solely at ’-carbon. This feature of the Pf group has been most widely utilized. Enolization is commonly performed with KHMDS as a base and alkyl halides as electrophiles [14]. 4.1. Stereoselectivity of alkylation In general, the diastere ...
Functional Group Handout
... II. Functional Group with Carbon Singly Bonded To An Electronegative Element A. Alkyl Halides: Alkyl halides contain a halogen atom bonded to an sp3 carbon. They may be 1°, 2° or 3° depending on the substitution of the carbon atom bonded to the halogen. Vinyl halides are organic compounds which cont ...
... II. Functional Group with Carbon Singly Bonded To An Electronegative Element A. Alkyl Halides: Alkyl halides contain a halogen atom bonded to an sp3 carbon. They may be 1°, 2° or 3° depending on the substitution of the carbon atom bonded to the halogen. Vinyl halides are organic compounds which cont ...
158KB - NZQA
... In Experiment 2, the only change is an increase in temperature. An increase in temperature means an increase in the rate of reaction. Increased temperature increases the speed of movement of the particles, and thus increases the frequency of collisions. Increased temperature also increases the kinet ...
... In Experiment 2, the only change is an increase in temperature. An increase in temperature means an increase in the rate of reaction. Increased temperature increases the speed of movement of the particles, and thus increases the frequency of collisions. Increased temperature also increases the kinet ...
Ch. 09 Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides
... • Rearrangements are not unique to dehydration reactions. • Rearrangements can occur whenever a carbocation is formed as a reactive intermediate. • 2° carbocation A rearranges to the more stable 3° carbocation by a 1,2-hydride shift, whereas carbocation B does not rearrange because it is 3° to begin ...
... • Rearrangements are not unique to dehydration reactions. • Rearrangements can occur whenever a carbocation is formed as a reactive intermediate. • 2° carbocation A rearranges to the more stable 3° carbocation by a 1,2-hydride shift, whereas carbocation B does not rearrange because it is 3° to begin ...
Hybridization and St..
... Hybridization also occurs in compounds of beryllium. The electron configuration if Be is 1s22s2. It would appear to have no half-filled orbitals with which to form covalent bonds. ...
... Hybridization also occurs in compounds of beryllium. The electron configuration if Be is 1s22s2. It would appear to have no half-filled orbitals with which to form covalent bonds. ...
( +)-Limonene Oxidation with Selenium Dioxide
... except carbon-3 (menthol series). Most of these oxidation products are constituents of natural products such as citrus essential oils,2e oi which (+)-limonene is the major constituent. As part of a program to explore conversion of (+)-limonene to more valuable fine chemicals, we studied (+)-limonene ...
... except carbon-3 (menthol series). Most of these oxidation products are constituents of natural products such as citrus essential oils,2e oi which (+)-limonene is the major constituent. As part of a program to explore conversion of (+)-limonene to more valuable fine chemicals, we studied (+)-limonene ...
CHEM MINI-COURSE SERIES M1.2___
... In this Learning Activity Packet (LAP), you will begin to study chemical reactions, a topic which could be considered the heart of chemistry. You will learn (1) why there is a need to balance chemical equations, (2) how to balance simple chemical equations, and (3) how to classify different types of ...
... In this Learning Activity Packet (LAP), you will begin to study chemical reactions, a topic which could be considered the heart of chemistry. You will learn (1) why there is a need to balance chemical equations, (2) how to balance simple chemical equations, and (3) how to classify different types of ...
Chapter 4 Knowledge Check
... Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 53. Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of a. functional groups. b. vital forces interacting with matter. c. carbon compounds. d. water and its interaction with other kinds of molecules. e. inorganic compoun ...
... Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 53. Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of a. functional groups. b. vital forces interacting with matter. c. carbon compounds. d. water and its interaction with other kinds of molecules. e. inorganic compoun ...
Asymmetric induction
Asymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) in stereochemistry describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment. Asymmetric induction is a key element in asymmetric synthesis.Asymmetric induction was introduced by Hermann Emil Fischer based on his work on carbohydrates. Several types of induction exist.Internal asymmetric induction makes use of a chiral center bound to the reactive center through a covalent bond and remains so during the reaction. The starting material is often derived from chiral pool synthesis. In relayed asymmetric induction the chiral information is introduced in a separate step and removed again in a separate chemical reaction. Special synthons are called chiral auxiliaries. In external asymmetric induction chiral information is introduced in the transition state through a catalyst of chiral ligand. This method of asymmetric synthesis is economically most desirable.