H3PO4 in a Direct Synthesis of Oligo–Poly(ethylene phosphate)
... the macromolecular backbones. These most likely are formed by the wrong addition with nucleophilic attack on the carbon atom, resulting in dealkylation (Scheme 2). This is only one example of many similar reactions that could proceed at different sites of macromolecules and at different degrees of p ...
... the macromolecular backbones. These most likely are formed by the wrong addition with nucleophilic attack on the carbon atom, resulting in dealkylation (Scheme 2). This is only one example of many similar reactions that could proceed at different sites of macromolecules and at different degrees of p ...
Chapter 21 The Chemistry of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... convert this group into a good leaving group. Furthermore, there is virtually no cyanide ion (–C'N) present, and hence virtually no nucleophile to displace the —OH group. First of all, an excess of an alcohol is generally required to drive acid-catalyzed esterification to completion. However, even i ...
... convert this group into a good leaving group. Furthermore, there is virtually no cyanide ion (–C'N) present, and hence virtually no nucleophile to displace the —OH group. First of all, an excess of an alcohol is generally required to drive acid-catalyzed esterification to completion. However, even i ...
Chapter 11: Reactions of Alkyl Halides There are two basic types of
... stable intermediate = lower activation barrier). The rate-determining step is the carbocation formation – the faster this occurs, the faster the overall reaction occurs. Recall that alkyl groups stabilize carbocations via: 1. Inductive Effect 2. Hyperconjugation More stable carbocations have lower a ...
... stable intermediate = lower activation barrier). The rate-determining step is the carbocation formation – the faster this occurs, the faster the overall reaction occurs. Recall that alkyl groups stabilize carbocations via: 1. Inductive Effect 2. Hyperconjugation More stable carbocations have lower a ...
Highly Enantioselective Cyclocarbonylation of Allylic
... we chose to evaluate this ligand as it might meet the two primary requirements for achieving high enantioselectivity and activity in Pd-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation reactions: (1) conformational rigidity of Pd-bisphosphine complexes conducive to chiral induction and (2) a relatively flexible seven-m ...
... we chose to evaluate this ligand as it might meet the two primary requirements for achieving high enantioselectivity and activity in Pd-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation reactions: (1) conformational rigidity of Pd-bisphosphine complexes conducive to chiral induction and (2) a relatively flexible seven-m ...
The origin and status of the Arrhenius equation
... course, reflect the role of the solvent in the reaction process. For truly elementary processes, i.e., bimolecular reactions in the gas phase, reservations about the Arrhenius eouation were not &dent until much later,eren though hoth ilk main theories of himolecular reactions (collision theorv and t ...
... course, reflect the role of the solvent in the reaction process. For truly elementary processes, i.e., bimolecular reactions in the gas phase, reservations about the Arrhenius eouation were not &dent until much later,eren though hoth ilk main theories of himolecular reactions (collision theorv and t ...
Lab 7
... Figure 6. Oxidation Methodology. We determine that the bond that is most easily oxidized is the C-H bond alpha to the carbonyl group in cyclohexanone. When this bond is cleaved, Step 1, we replace the H atom with an –OH group. The generalized methodology is to place –OH groups on open valences where ...
... Figure 6. Oxidation Methodology. We determine that the bond that is most easily oxidized is the C-H bond alpha to the carbonyl group in cyclohexanone. When this bond is cleaved, Step 1, we replace the H atom with an –OH group. The generalized methodology is to place –OH groups on open valences where ...
Chem 150 Unit 4 - Chemical Properties I Chemical Reactions
... element. Thus, the atoms in O2, O3, P4, S8, and aluminum metal all have an oxidation number of 0. * The oxidation number of monatomic ions is equal to the charge on the ion. The oxidation number of sodium in the Na+ ion is +1, for example, and the oxidation number of chlorine in the Cl- ion is -1. * ...
... element. Thus, the atoms in O2, O3, P4, S8, and aluminum metal all have an oxidation number of 0. * The oxidation number of monatomic ions is equal to the charge on the ion. The oxidation number of sodium in the Na+ ion is +1, for example, and the oxidation number of chlorine in the Cl- ion is -1. * ...
The Effect of Solvent on a Lewis Acid Catalyzed Diels− Alder
... reactions.22 The solvent and dielectric constant used was diethyl ether ( ) 4.335). Full geometry optimizations were carried out for both transition structures as shown in Figures 1 and 2. In solution, the Singleton-Houk transition structure geometry was altered slightly, where the distance between ...
... reactions.22 The solvent and dielectric constant used was diethyl ether ( ) 4.335). Full geometry optimizations were carried out for both transition structures as shown in Figures 1 and 2. In solution, the Singleton-Houk transition structure geometry was altered slightly, where the distance between ...
6-organic - fixurscore
... Reaction: primary alcoholcarboxylic acid Reagent: potassium dichromate(VI) solution and dilute sulphuric acid Conditions: use an excess of dichromate, and heat under reflux: (distill off product after the reaction ...
... Reaction: primary alcoholcarboxylic acid Reagent: potassium dichromate(VI) solution and dilute sulphuric acid Conditions: use an excess of dichromate, and heat under reflux: (distill off product after the reaction ...
Aldehydes and Ketones
... Generally, the hemiacetals and acetals are only a minor component of an equilibrium mixture. In order to favor formation of acetals the carbonyl compound and alcohol is reacted with acid in the absence of water. Dry HCl) The acetals or hemiacetals maybe converted back to the carbonyl compound by tre ...
... Generally, the hemiacetals and acetals are only a minor component of an equilibrium mixture. In order to favor formation of acetals the carbonyl compound and alcohol is reacted with acid in the absence of water. Dry HCl) The acetals or hemiacetals maybe converted back to the carbonyl compound by tre ...
CHEM 208(Organic Chemistry I)
... Lab: Microscale and Miniscale ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Laboratory Experiments by Schoffstall, Barbara and Melvin(2nd Edn) Learning Objectives: The principal objective of this course is to get familiar with the C compounds, their nomenclature, functional groups, structures, stereochemistry, their syntheses ...
... Lab: Microscale and Miniscale ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Laboratory Experiments by Schoffstall, Barbara and Melvin(2nd Edn) Learning Objectives: The principal objective of this course is to get familiar with the C compounds, their nomenclature, functional groups, structures, stereochemistry, their syntheses ...
acidic site
... to electron-poor atoms, making and breaking bonds as they go. The electron donors are termed nucleophiles (“nucleus lovers” or “positive charge lovers”) and the electron-rich parts of them are the nucleophilic sites. ...
... to electron-poor atoms, making and breaking bonds as they go. The electron donors are termed nucleophiles (“nucleus lovers” or “positive charge lovers”) and the electron-rich parts of them are the nucleophilic sites. ...
Lecture Resource ()
... An amide cannot be hydrolyzed without a catalyst An acid catalyst can make a group a better leaving group ...
... An amide cannot be hydrolyzed without a catalyst An acid catalyst can make a group a better leaving group ...
Bronsted acidic ionic liquid as an efficient and reusable catalyst for
... and IL concentration were studied using Bronsted acidic IL [NMP]+HSO4 as an optimized catalyst (Table 2). The results for the transesterification of MAA with 1-butanol demonstrate that chemical equilibrium is reached within 3 h at 80 °C (entry 1). Increase in the reaction time and temperature does n ...
... and IL concentration were studied using Bronsted acidic IL [NMP]+HSO4 as an optimized catalyst (Table 2). The results for the transesterification of MAA with 1-butanol demonstrate that chemical equilibrium is reached within 3 h at 80 °C (entry 1). Increase in the reaction time and temperature does n ...
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
... The Sample Transient Calculation shipped with CHEMKIN is the for the spontaneous adiabatic combustion of a stoichiometric H2/air mixture, which according to their model takes less than a millisecond. A different H2/air kinetic model is given in GRI-Mech 3.0. Compare the ignition times computed using ...
... The Sample Transient Calculation shipped with CHEMKIN is the for the spontaneous adiabatic combustion of a stoichiometric H2/air mixture, which according to their model takes less than a millisecond. A different H2/air kinetic model is given in GRI-Mech 3.0. Compare the ignition times computed using ...
IA Practical Report Properties of Alkanes and Alkenes
... 5. Add 10 drops of distilled H2O to both A2 and E2. Have your instructor add 3 drops of H2SO4 (conc.). Stopper and shake. Record your observations in the chart below. 6. Record the colour of bromine water, Br2(aq). Add 5 drops of Br2(aq), to A3 and to E3. Stopper and shake (for about 15 seconds). Re ...
... 5. Add 10 drops of distilled H2O to both A2 and E2. Have your instructor add 3 drops of H2SO4 (conc.). Stopper and shake. Record your observations in the chart below. 6. Record the colour of bromine water, Br2(aq). Add 5 drops of Br2(aq), to A3 and to E3. Stopper and shake (for about 15 seconds). Re ...
decomposition - Chemical Minds
... Describe any observations that would be made as this reaction occurs, and link these to the reactants and products involved in the reaction. (ii) Outline a test that could be used to confirm the presence of one of the products formed. Write a balanced symbol equation for the decomposition of sodium ...
... Describe any observations that would be made as this reaction occurs, and link these to the reactants and products involved in the reaction. (ii) Outline a test that could be used to confirm the presence of one of the products formed. Write a balanced symbol equation for the decomposition of sodium ...
Ethers, Sulfides, Epoxides - City University of New York
... Generally, the hemiacetals and acetals are only a minor component of an equilibrium mixture. In order to favor formation of acetals the carbonyl compound and alcohol is reacted with acid in the absence of water. Dry HCl) The acetals or hemiacetals maybe converted back to the carbonyl compound by tre ...
... Generally, the hemiacetals and acetals are only a minor component of an equilibrium mixture. In order to favor formation of acetals the carbonyl compound and alcohol is reacted with acid in the absence of water. Dry HCl) The acetals or hemiacetals maybe converted back to the carbonyl compound by tre ...
Chem 342 Jasperse Syllabus 1 Organic Chemistry II READING
... What’s Covered in Organic I versus Organic II differs between NDSU and MSUM The following are reading sections and problems associated with one chapter that was covered at MSUM in Organic I but is covered at NDSU in Organic II. Thus, if you are an NDSU student taking Organic II at MSUM, you will end ...
... What’s Covered in Organic I versus Organic II differs between NDSU and MSUM The following are reading sections and problems associated with one chapter that was covered at MSUM in Organic I but is covered at NDSU in Organic II. Thus, if you are an NDSU student taking Organic II at MSUM, you will end ...
Reductive etherification of substituted cyclohexanones with
... biporous zeolite.1 It has been shown that it contains two independent pore systems,2,3 one defined by sinusoidal 10-membered ring channels extended in two dimensions, and the other by large 12-membered ring supercages (7.1 3 7.1 3 18.1 Å) connected by 10-membered ring channels. The material has a hi ...
... biporous zeolite.1 It has been shown that it contains two independent pore systems,2,3 one defined by sinusoidal 10-membered ring channels extended in two dimensions, and the other by large 12-membered ring supercages (7.1 3 7.1 3 18.1 Å) connected by 10-membered ring channels. The material has a hi ...
Elimination Reactions
... base (H2SO4, H3PO4). To favour SN1 over E1, use a good nucleophile. •To favour E2 over SN2, use a strong, bulky non-nucleophilic base. To favour SN2 over E2, use good nucleophiles that are relatively weak bases. •It is important to keep in mind that although you might choose reaction conditions that ...
... base (H2SO4, H3PO4). To favour SN1 over E1, use a good nucleophile. •To favour E2 over SN2, use a strong, bulky non-nucleophilic base. To favour SN2 over E2, use good nucleophiles that are relatively weak bases. •It is important to keep in mind that although you might choose reaction conditions that ...
Elimination Reactions
... base (H2SO4, H3PO4). To favour SN1 over E1, use a good nucleophile. •To favour E2 over SN2, use a strong, bulky non-nucleophilic base. To favour SN2 over E2, use good nucleophiles that are relatively weak bases. •It is important to keep in mind that although you might choose reaction conditions that ...
... base (H2SO4, H3PO4). To favour SN1 over E1, use a good nucleophile. •To favour E2 over SN2, use a strong, bulky non-nucleophilic base. To favour SN2 over E2, use good nucleophiles that are relatively weak bases. •It is important to keep in mind that although you might choose reaction conditions that ...
Revisiting the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Low
... involve hydroperoxyl-alkyl-peroxyl (Ȯ 2QOOH) radicals undergoing reactions similar to those included for alkylperoxyl (RȮ 2) species, such as the direct elimination of HȮ 2 radicals from the alkyl-peroxyl radicals (also forming olefins), and isomerisation reactions like those of RȮ 2 radicals to ...
... involve hydroperoxyl-alkyl-peroxyl (Ȯ 2QOOH) radicals undergoing reactions similar to those included for alkylperoxyl (RȮ 2) species, such as the direct elimination of HȮ 2 radicals from the alkyl-peroxyl radicals (also forming olefins), and isomerisation reactions like those of RȮ 2 radicals to ...
organic revision nots
... substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring.. 33. Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols is not a suitable method. 34. O=C=O is nonpolar while R-O-R is polar. 35. Ethers can be prepared by Williamson synt ...
... substitution and (ii) it directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in benzene ring.. 33. Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols is not a suitable method. 34. O=C=O is nonpolar while R-O-R is polar. 35. Ethers can be prepared by Williamson synt ...
Ene reaction
The ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile), in order to form a new σ-bond with migration of the ene double bond and 1,5 hydrogen shift. The product is a substituted alkene with the double bond shifted to the allylic position.This transformation is a group transfer pericyclic reaction, and therefore, usually requires highly activated substrates and/or high temperatures. Nonetheless, the reaction is compatible with a wide variety of functional groups that can be appended to the ene and enophile moieties. Also,many useful Lewis acid-catalyzed ene reactions have been developed which can afford high yields and selectivities at significantly lower temperatures, making the ene reaction a useful C–C forming tool for the synthesis of complex molecules and natural products.