![EXPERIMENT 3: Preparation and Reactivity of Alkyl Halides](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/010702288_1-436f85fb00b4e2493c980a53209675e9-300x300.png)
EXPERIMENT 3: Preparation and Reactivity of Alkyl Halides
... Although one might expect such a reaction to be reversible, it can be driven to formation of R-I by using anhydrous acetone as the solvent. Sodium iodide (NaI) is soluble in this solvent, but sodium chloride and sodium bromide are not. If a reaction occurs, a precipitate of sodium chloride or sodium ...
... Although one might expect such a reaction to be reversible, it can be driven to formation of R-I by using anhydrous acetone as the solvent. Sodium iodide (NaI) is soluble in this solvent, but sodium chloride and sodium bromide are not. If a reaction occurs, a precipitate of sodium chloride or sodium ...
CHEM 202_ Part 2
... Carbonyl group is stabilized by adjacent alkyl groups (e-donor), so ketone is more stable than aldehyde. Steric effect also play a role in the relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones. ...
... Carbonyl group is stabilized by adjacent alkyl groups (e-donor), so ketone is more stable than aldehyde. Steric effect also play a role in the relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones. ...
6.1.3 revision guide carboxylic acids and esters
... The Cl group is classed as a good leaving groups (to do with less effective delocalisation.) This makes acyl chlorides much more reactive than carboxylic acids and esters ...
... The Cl group is classed as a good leaving groups (to do with less effective delocalisation.) This makes acyl chlorides much more reactive than carboxylic acids and esters ...
CAPE CHEMISTRY UNIT II MODULE I Alkanes and Alkenes
... Methane, ethane, propane, pentane, octane and an alkane with 32 carbons. 7. Combustion of methane – state the following: Exothermic or endothermic Carbon to hydrogen bond strength Enthalpy of combustion Oxygen to oxygen double bond strength Carbon to oxygen double bond strength Hydroge ...
... Methane, ethane, propane, pentane, octane and an alkane with 32 carbons. 7. Combustion of methane – state the following: Exothermic or endothermic Carbon to hydrogen bond strength Enthalpy of combustion Oxygen to oxygen double bond strength Carbon to oxygen double bond strength Hydroge ...
diazonium salt
... Primary amines (Properties of diazonium salts) Aliphatic primary amines – yield aliphatic diazonium salts. Alkyl diazonium salts are very unstable and yield carbocation-derived products (rapid spontaneous decomposition even at low temperature carbocations are formed by losing nitrogen) generally l ...
... Primary amines (Properties of diazonium salts) Aliphatic primary amines – yield aliphatic diazonium salts. Alkyl diazonium salts are very unstable and yield carbocation-derived products (rapid spontaneous decomposition even at low temperature carbocations are formed by losing nitrogen) generally l ...
4.5: Bonding in Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
... 4.12: Reaction of Primary Alcohols with Hydrogen Halides. The SN2 Mechanism: Methyl and primary carbocations are the least stable, and they are not likely to be intermediates in reaction mechanism RH2C-OH ...
... 4.12: Reaction of Primary Alcohols with Hydrogen Halides. The SN2 Mechanism: Methyl and primary carbocations are the least stable, and they are not likely to be intermediates in reaction mechanism RH2C-OH ...
Investigating Esters
... not be possible to determine the boiling point by the distillation method and a semi micro method should be employed. The suggested method in the starter experiment is a generic one and may need to be slightly adjusted for each ester. Students should be encouraged to find details from the literature ...
... not be possible to determine the boiling point by the distillation method and a semi micro method should be employed. The suggested method in the starter experiment is a generic one and may need to be slightly adjusted for each ester. Students should be encouraged to find details from the literature ...
Investigating Esters
... not be possible to determine the boiling point by the distillation method and a semi micro method should be employed. The suggested method in the starter experiment is a generic one and may need to be slightly adjusted for each ester. Students should be encouraged to find details from the literature ...
... not be possible to determine the boiling point by the distillation method and a semi micro method should be employed. The suggested method in the starter experiment is a generic one and may need to be slightly adjusted for each ester. Students should be encouraged to find details from the literature ...
Synthesis of n-Butyl Acetate via Esterification
... In a 5-mL short-necked round-bottomed flask, place 0.2 g of Dowex 50X2-l00 ion-exchange resin [Note: The Dowex resin as received should be washed with water by decantation to remove much of the yellow color. It is then collected by vacuum filtration on a Buchner funnel before use], 0.61 g (0.58 mL) ...
... In a 5-mL short-necked round-bottomed flask, place 0.2 g of Dowex 50X2-l00 ion-exchange resin [Note: The Dowex resin as received should be washed with water by decantation to remove much of the yellow color. It is then collected by vacuum filtration on a Buchner funnel before use], 0.61 g (0.58 mL) ...
Variant 1 - Egypt IG Student Room
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
... Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included ...
Summer Scholar Report
... A method for synthesis of allylic tosylates from allylic alcohols was developed that does not require metal catalysis or harsh conditions. The method was also utilized to produce secondary tosylates from their parent alcohols. Sodium hydride was used to generate the alkoxide, which can then be trea ...
... A method for synthesis of allylic tosylates from allylic alcohols was developed that does not require metal catalysis or harsh conditions. The method was also utilized to produce secondary tosylates from their parent alcohols. Sodium hydride was used to generate the alkoxide, which can then be trea ...
ALCOHOLS
... the human food chain is now being used to grow sugar to make biofuels. However, ethanol produced in this way is considered to be carbon neutral since all of the CO2 released during its combustion was removed during photosynthesis by the growing crop. It can not be considered to be 100% carbon neutra ...
... the human food chain is now being used to grow sugar to make biofuels. However, ethanol produced in this way is considered to be carbon neutral since all of the CO2 released during its combustion was removed during photosynthesis by the growing crop. It can not be considered to be 100% carbon neutra ...
PAKISTAN SHIPOWNERS` GOVERNMENT COLLEGE,
... (vi) a) What is Water Gas? Give two method of its preparation. b) Write Auto-Oxidation and Reduction of Chlorine. (vii) a) Write a note on complex Hydrides. b) Write the Chemical formula of the following.(Any four) ...
... (vi) a) What is Water Gas? Give two method of its preparation. b) Write Auto-Oxidation and Reduction of Chlorine. (vii) a) Write a note on complex Hydrides. b) Write the Chemical formula of the following.(Any four) ...
Chapter 15
... benzene ring, the more powerful activating group generally determines the outcome of the reaction • Example • Because all ortho/para directors are more activating than meta directors, the ortho/para director determines the orientation of the incoming group • Example: ...
... benzene ring, the more powerful activating group generally determines the outcome of the reaction • Example • Because all ortho/para directors are more activating than meta directors, the ortho/para director determines the orientation of the incoming group • Example: ...
Chapter 14 – Aldehydes and Ketones
... comparable amounts of water and alcohol are present the reaction is an equilibrium.) This is how the cyclic (hemiacetal) form of D-glucose polymerizes to form a carbohydrate chain. Have you ever noticed that if you chew a piece of bread or a saltine cracker for a few seconds and then leave it in you ...
... comparable amounts of water and alcohol are present the reaction is an equilibrium.) This is how the cyclic (hemiacetal) form of D-glucose polymerizes to form a carbohydrate chain. Have you ever noticed that if you chew a piece of bread or a saltine cracker for a few seconds and then leave it in you ...
STUDY GUIDE FOR CHAPTER 4 1. Functional Groups – these are
... 10. Effect of the Alcohol on Reaction Rate – since rate is determined by the value of activation energy (i.e. the energy barrier) it is then reasonable to recognize that higher in energy TS would mean slower reaction. But the TS of the rate-determining step of SN 1 reactions are product-like, i.e. r ...
... 10. Effect of the Alcohol on Reaction Rate – since rate is determined by the value of activation energy (i.e. the energy barrier) it is then reasonable to recognize that higher in energy TS would mean slower reaction. But the TS of the rate-determining step of SN 1 reactions are product-like, i.e. r ...
States United Patent at
... presence of substituents at the pyrrolic ~-positions adjacent 3-(dirnethylamino)acrylaldehyde ("3-DMA") and phosphoto the benzenoid ring formed in the cyclization reaction causes the formation of a product that is either dialkyl ryl chloride (POCl3 ) to form the corresponding meso-(2formylvinyl)porp ...
... presence of substituents at the pyrrolic ~-positions adjacent 3-(dirnethylamino)acrylaldehyde ("3-DMA") and phosphoto the benzenoid ring formed in the cyclization reaction causes the formation of a product that is either dialkyl ryl chloride (POCl3 ) to form the corresponding meso-(2formylvinyl)porp ...
CH CH CH CH2 CH3 CH CH3 Br CH CH CH CH2 CH3 CH CH3 F
... d. With alkoxides: CH3CH(CH3)CH2Br + CH3ONa → e. With salts of carboxylic acids: CH3CH2I + CH3COOK → Reactivity of halogenoalkenes and halogenoarenes Due to a conjugation, i.e. an interaction of lone electron pairs of a halogen atom with the -electrons of either alkenes or arenes, the carbon – halo ...
... d. With alkoxides: CH3CH(CH3)CH2Br + CH3ONa → e. With salts of carboxylic acids: CH3CH2I + CH3COOK → Reactivity of halogenoalkenes and halogenoarenes Due to a conjugation, i.e. an interaction of lone electron pairs of a halogen atom with the -electrons of either alkenes or arenes, the carbon – halo ...
Organic Halides
... Hemiacetal results from addition of the alcohol’s hydroxyl group to the carbon in the C=O bond. A cetals are products of substitution reactions catalyzed by acid. The presence of acid improves the leaving capacity of the hydroxyl group and enables its substitution with an alkoxyl group (-OR). The co ...
... Hemiacetal results from addition of the alcohol’s hydroxyl group to the carbon in the C=O bond. A cetals are products of substitution reactions catalyzed by acid. The presence of acid improves the leaving capacity of the hydroxyl group and enables its substitution with an alkoxyl group (-OR). The co ...
reactions.html Reaction 1. Electrophilic addition of
... Mechanistic details positively charged electrophile adds to the aromatic ring in the rate-limiting step; the resulting carbocation reverts to aromaticity by the loss of proton the relative reactivity and regiochemistry of the reaction on substituted benzene derivatives is governed by the nature of t ...
... Mechanistic details positively charged electrophile adds to the aromatic ring in the rate-limiting step; the resulting carbocation reverts to aromaticity by the loss of proton the relative reactivity and regiochemistry of the reaction on substituted benzene derivatives is governed by the nature of t ...
TV RajanBabu Chemistry, 730 Autumn 1997
... Axial vs equatorial approach to cyclic carbonyl compounds by nucleophiles Klein / Cieplak models Tortional interactions in bicyclic systems Ring closure and ring size (Baldwin’s rules) - enthalpy and entropy of activation Bürgi-Dunitz angle, Radical cyclization reactions under kinetic vs thermodynam ...
... Axial vs equatorial approach to cyclic carbonyl compounds by nucleophiles Klein / Cieplak models Tortional interactions in bicyclic systems Ring closure and ring size (Baldwin’s rules) - enthalpy and entropy of activation Bürgi-Dunitz angle, Radical cyclization reactions under kinetic vs thermodynam ...
calculations-questions-part
... (ii) State how the reaction conditions would need to be changed in order to produce sodium chlorate(V) instead of sodium chlorate(I). ...
... (ii) State how the reaction conditions would need to be changed in order to produce sodium chlorate(V) instead of sodium chlorate(I). ...
Chapter 24. Amines
... • Organic derivatives of ammonia, NH3, • Nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, making amines both basic and nucleophilic • Occur in plants and animals ...
... • Organic derivatives of ammonia, NH3, • Nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, making amines both basic and nucleophilic • Occur in plants and animals ...
Chapter 24. Amines
... • Organic derivatives of ammonia, NH3, • Nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, making amines both basic and nucleophilic • Occur in plants and animals ...
... • Organic derivatives of ammonia, NH3, • Nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, making amines both basic and nucleophilic • Occur in plants and animals ...
organometallic reagents
... Watch out for pitfalls in planning syntheses. Try to minimize the total number of transformations required to convert the initial starting material into the desired product. A seven-step synthesis with a yield of 85% at each step gives an overall efficiency of conversion of 32%. A four-step synthes ...
... Watch out for pitfalls in planning syntheses. Try to minimize the total number of transformations required to convert the initial starting material into the desired product. A seven-step synthesis with a yield of 85% at each step gives an overall efficiency of conversion of 32%. A four-step synthes ...
Hofmann–Löffler reaction
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/General_scheme.gif?width=300)
The Hofmann–Löffler reaction (also referred to as Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Löffler–Hofmann reaction, as well as Löffler's method) is an organic reaction in which a cyclic amine 2 (pyrrolidine or, in some cases, piperidine) is generated by thermal or photochemical decomposition of N-halogenated amine 1 in the presence of a strong acid (concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated CF3CO2H). The Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction proceeds via an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer to a nitrogen-centered radical and is an example of a remote intramolecular free radical C–H functionalization.