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Polymerization - WordPress.com
Polymerization - WordPress.com

... a. Polymer – a large molecule consisting of repeating units. b. Repeating unit – recurring unit in a polymer c. Monomer – smallest molecule from which the polymer is made i. Naming Polymers: put poly- in front of the name of the monomer 3. There are many polymerization mechanisms. You need to know: ...
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... one will be formed faster and favored more ...
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... attractions or hydrogen bonds, pentane has the lowest boiling point of the three compounds. With a polar carbonyl group, butanone molecules form dipole–dipole attractions, but no hydrogen bonds. Butanone has a higher boiling point than pentane. Because molecules of 2-butanol can form hydrogen bonds ...
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NCEA Level 3 Chemistry (91391) 2013
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... (Distillation) is used because the aldehyde has a lower boiling point (than butan-1-ol and the carboxylic acid formed) / to prevent it from being oxidised further. (Both) reactions are oxidation–reduction because butan-1-ol has lost electrons/lost hydrogen/gained oxygen/oxidation number (of C) has i ...
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Hydroformylation



Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.
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