acidic site
... have its own transition state (which is *not* drawn as part of the mechanism). In addition, a multi-step mechanism will have intermediates. (the products of all elementary processes except the last one). Intermediates are semi-stable molecules or ions that often exist long enough to be observed. An ...
... have its own transition state (which is *not* drawn as part of the mechanism). In addition, a multi-step mechanism will have intermediates. (the products of all elementary processes except the last one). Intermediates are semi-stable molecules or ions that often exist long enough to be observed. An ...
sample paper - CBSE PORTAL
... Q.1 Excess of potassium makes KCl crystals lilac, Why ? Q.2 People living at high altitude generally suffer from anoxia , Explain. Q.3 Define limiting molar conductivity . Q.4 “A greater insight in to the energetic and mechanistic aspects of reactions”. Explain the above statement which was given by ...
... Q.1 Excess of potassium makes KCl crystals lilac, Why ? Q.2 People living at high altitude generally suffer from anoxia , Explain. Q.3 Define limiting molar conductivity . Q.4 “A greater insight in to the energetic and mechanistic aspects of reactions”. Explain the above statement which was given by ...
GCSE_C2_Revision_+_Exam_Questions
... SECTION C2.2 You should know and / or be able to use / do the following Substances that have simple molecular, giant ionic and giant covalent structures have very different properties. Ionic, covalent and metallic bonds are strong. The forces between molecules are weaker, eg in carbon dioxide and i ...
... SECTION C2.2 You should know and / or be able to use / do the following Substances that have simple molecular, giant ionic and giant covalent structures have very different properties. Ionic, covalent and metallic bonds are strong. The forces between molecules are weaker, eg in carbon dioxide and i ...
Topic 8 specification content - A
... carbon-neutral fuel and give reasons why this statement is not valid ...
... carbon-neutral fuel and give reasons why this statement is not valid ...
Flameless Thermal Oxidation
... This case study covers flameless thermal oxidation for the destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in off-gas emissions. This technology is commercially available from Thermatrix, Inc. and it involves the oxidation of VOCs and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) to primarily carb ...
... This case study covers flameless thermal oxidation for the destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in off-gas emissions. This technology is commercially available from Thermatrix, Inc. and it involves the oxidation of VOCs and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) to primarily carb ...
Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
... reaction is the formation of the cation intermediate Electron-donating substituents increase the rate of the substitution reactions by stabilizing the carbocation intermediate and the transition state leading to its formation ...
... reaction is the formation of the cation intermediate Electron-donating substituents increase the rate of the substitution reactions by stabilizing the carbocation intermediate and the transition state leading to its formation ...
H + - uaschemistry
... • A group that donates electrons, such as CH3, will make the anion less stable (stronger conjugate base) and the acid weaker. • Q: What would the order of pKa, from largest to smallest, be for ethanol, phenol, 2-methylphenol, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol? ...
... • A group that donates electrons, such as CH3, will make the anion less stable (stronger conjugate base) and the acid weaker. • Q: What would the order of pKa, from largest to smallest, be for ethanol, phenol, 2-methylphenol, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol? ...
Chemistry
... Alkynes: comparison of the reactivity of C-C and C=C; Acidity of acetylenic hydrogen (-C-CH), addition reactions. II. Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Sources: Physical characteristics structure of Benzene and the concept of Armaticity; Huckel Rule. Electrophilic substitution reactions. Orientation and reacti ...
... Alkynes: comparison of the reactivity of C-C and C=C; Acidity of acetylenic hydrogen (-C-CH), addition reactions. II. Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Sources: Physical characteristics structure of Benzene and the concept of Armaticity; Huckel Rule. Electrophilic substitution reactions. Orientation and reacti ...
File
... There appears to be almost no limit to the number of different structures that carbon can form. To add to the complexity of organic chemistry, neighboring carbon atoms can form double and triple bonds in addition to single carbon-carbon bonds: Keep in mind that each carbon atom forms four bonds. As ...
... There appears to be almost no limit to the number of different structures that carbon can form. To add to the complexity of organic chemistry, neighboring carbon atoms can form double and triple bonds in addition to single carbon-carbon bonds: Keep in mind that each carbon atom forms four bonds. As ...
LDA preparation and other lab techniques
... 1. Wash the organic layer several times with dilute HCl solution. The protonated amine will partition into the aqueous layer. For use with acid stable target compounds only. 2. Wash the organic layer several times with 10% copper sulfate (aqueous and blue). The copper-complexed amine will partition ...
... 1. Wash the organic layer several times with dilute HCl solution. The protonated amine will partition into the aqueous layer. For use with acid stable target compounds only. 2. Wash the organic layer several times with 10% copper sulfate (aqueous and blue). The copper-complexed amine will partition ...
UNIT 2 - Glow Blogs
... shown, representing a decreasing rate of change of concentration. The second mark is for a tangent to the curve at time zero. ...
... shown, representing a decreasing rate of change of concentration. The second mark is for a tangent to the curve at time zero. ...
Silicon hydrides in organic synthesis
... This method is highly selective for unsaturated ketones and aldehydes, because reduction of a,p-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives, such as esters, amides and nitriles under these conditions was very sluggish. Thus, benzalacetone was selectively and cleanly reduced in the presence of methyl cin ...
... This method is highly selective for unsaturated ketones and aldehydes, because reduction of a,p-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives, such as esters, amides and nitriles under these conditions was very sluggish. Thus, benzalacetone was selectively and cleanly reduced in the presence of methyl cin ...
Structure and Bonding in Organic Compounds
... These two isomers have different names. Isomer “A” is named 1-butene, because the double bond starts with carbon #1 in a 4-carbon chain. Isomer “B” is named 2-butene, since the double bond starts at carbon #2 in the 4-carbon chain. Now, hold your model of 2-butene such that the double bond is straig ...
... These two isomers have different names. Isomer “A” is named 1-butene, because the double bond starts with carbon #1 in a 4-carbon chain. Isomer “B” is named 2-butene, since the double bond starts at carbon #2 in the 4-carbon chain. Now, hold your model of 2-butene such that the double bond is straig ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 2. Orgel diagrams are constructed as a function of the Racah parameter B whereas Tanabe Suganodiagrams are constructed for a particular ratio of the Racah parameters B and C. Comment. 3. What is chelate therapy? 4. What is tetragonal splitting parameter? Mention its significance. 5. The intensities ...
... 2. Orgel diagrams are constructed as a function of the Racah parameter B whereas Tanabe Suganodiagrams are constructed for a particular ratio of the Racah parameters B and C. Comment. 3. What is chelate therapy? 4. What is tetragonal splitting parameter? Mention its significance. 5. The intensities ...
Lab Report: Qualitative Organic Analysis
... 6. Using the pKa and pKb values in you textbook and your knowledge of general chemistry. Write a chemical equation and calculate the equilibrium constant for the potential acid/base reaction at room temperature between benzoic acid and aniline. ...
... 6. Using the pKa and pKb values in you textbook and your knowledge of general chemistry. Write a chemical equation and calculate the equilibrium constant for the potential acid/base reaction at room temperature between benzoic acid and aniline. ...
Unit 13 Organic Chem R
... A hydrocarbon with a –CO (carbonyl) group bonded onto a primary carbon. A hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2, where all of the carbon-to-carbon bonds are single bonds. A hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n, where one of the carbon-to-carbon bonds is a double bond. An alkane fragment ...
... A hydrocarbon with a –CO (carbonyl) group bonded onto a primary carbon. A hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2, where all of the carbon-to-carbon bonds are single bonds. A hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n, where one of the carbon-to-carbon bonds is a double bond. An alkane fragment ...
PPT file
... The mechanism for this reaction is very similar to that for addition of water to a carbonyl group; however, because amines are better nucleophiles than alcohols/water, the carbonyl group doesn’t have to be protonated first. A small amount of acid is necessary to generate a leaving group of water (R- ...
... The mechanism for this reaction is very similar to that for addition of water to a carbonyl group; however, because amines are better nucleophiles than alcohols/water, the carbonyl group doesn’t have to be protonated first. A small amount of acid is necessary to generate a leaving group of water (R- ...
kinetics and equilibrium
... • you only see the original reactants and the final products • Intermediates: – Something that appears in the series but not in the final product ...
... • you only see the original reactants and the final products • Intermediates: – Something that appears in the series but not in the final product ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.