50 Chapter 4: Nonionic Compounds and Their Nomenclature A
... of an element; all of the atoms in the molecular formula will be identical. The proper name for these substances is simply the name of the element – no other descriptive information is required. ...
... of an element; all of the atoms in the molecular formula will be identical. The proper name for these substances is simply the name of the element – no other descriptive information is required. ...
Template for calculating the ΔH° in a multiple step chemical reaction
... What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 25.0 g of HCl (g) in enough water to make 150.0 mL of solution? ...
... What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 25.0 g of HCl (g) in enough water to make 150.0 mL of solution? ...
CHAPTER 4 CARBON AND THE MOLECULAR DIVERSITY OF LIFE
... • These elements are linked by strong covalent bonds. • Carbon with its four covalent bonds is the basic building block in molecular architecture. • The great diversity of organic molecules with their special properties emerge from the unique arrangement of the carbon skeleton and the functional gro ...
... • These elements are linked by strong covalent bonds. • Carbon with its four covalent bonds is the basic building block in molecular architecture. • The great diversity of organic molecules with their special properties emerge from the unique arrangement of the carbon skeleton and the functional gro ...
Hydrocarbons - New York Science Teacher
... • Notice that in Butane and Pentane the molecular formula is the same but there are different arrangements for the atoms. This defines an isomer - same formula, different arrangement. • Look at Hexane on the next slide ...
... • Notice that in Butane and Pentane the molecular formula is the same but there are different arrangements for the atoms. This defines an isomer - same formula, different arrangement. • Look at Hexane on the next slide ...
Hein and Arena - faculty at Chemeketa
... electropositive Mg to form a strongly polar covalent bond. As a result the charge distribution in the Grignard reagent is such that the organic group (R) is partially negative and the –MgX group is partially positive. This charge distribution directs the manner in which Grignard reacts with other co ...
... electropositive Mg to form a strongly polar covalent bond. As a result the charge distribution in the Grignard reagent is such that the organic group (R) is partially negative and the –MgX group is partially positive. This charge distribution directs the manner in which Grignard reacts with other co ...
Section 14.1
... Equilibria Involving Complex Ions In the chemical equilibrium of nickel ions, ammonia, and water, the complex ions have different colors. You can tell which ion has the greater concentration based on color: [Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 6 NH3(aq) ...
... Equilibria Involving Complex Ions In the chemical equilibrium of nickel ions, ammonia, and water, the complex ions have different colors. You can tell which ion has the greater concentration based on color: [Ni(H2O)6]2+(aq) + 6 NH3(aq) ...
click - Chemsheets
... • Acidified potassium dichromate, contains Cr2O72• Used to test for alcohols (1y and 2y) & aldehydes – goes from orange Cr2O72- to green Cr3+ • Reduced from Cr(+6) to Cr(+3) ...
... • Acidified potassium dichromate, contains Cr2O72• Used to test for alcohols (1y and 2y) & aldehydes – goes from orange Cr2O72- to green Cr3+ • Reduced from Cr(+6) to Cr(+3) ...
Organic Chemistry
... The rxn with KCN provides a means for extending the C-chain length by one C. The nitrile can then be converted either into amines by reduction using H2 with a Ni catalyst or into carboxyllic acid by acid hydrolysis. Example: ...
... The rxn with KCN provides a means for extending the C-chain length by one C. The nitrile can then be converted either into amines by reduction using H2 with a Ni catalyst or into carboxyllic acid by acid hydrolysis. Example: ...
Module_16_-_Industrial_and_organic_chemistry
... Haematite is the ore which contains lots of the compound iron oxide. To extract iron from the compound, it is heated in a furnace with carbon. The carbon removes the oxygen from the iron oxide to leave just iron. The removal of oxygen from a compound is called REDUCTION. [The gain of oxygen is ...
... Haematite is the ore which contains lots of the compound iron oxide. To extract iron from the compound, it is heated in a furnace with carbon. The carbon removes the oxygen from the iron oxide to leave just iron. The removal of oxygen from a compound is called REDUCTION. [The gain of oxygen is ...
Worked Example 18.1
... Next, look at the lists to see if any carbon atom is attached to four different groups. Of the three carbons, carbon 2 has four different groups, and lactic acid is therefore chiral. Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7e John McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Vir ...
... Next, look at the lists to see if any carbon atom is attached to four different groups. Of the three carbons, carbon 2 has four different groups, and lactic acid is therefore chiral. Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7e John McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Vir ...
elements of chemistry unit
... composition to understanding organic chemistry. C4H10 ISOMERS The two varieties of C4H10 shown are isomers. In other words, they have the same composition but different structures. Structure affects both physical properties and chemical reactivity of isomers. For example, the isomer butane boils at ...
... composition to understanding organic chemistry. C4H10 ISOMERS The two varieties of C4H10 shown are isomers. In other words, they have the same composition but different structures. Structure affects both physical properties and chemical reactivity of isomers. For example, the isomer butane boils at ...
File
... 16. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combined in the commercial preparation of methyl alcohol. At a certain set of conditions, the equilibrium mixture contains 0.020 mol/L of CO, 0.60 mol/L of H2, and the equilibrium constant is 2.2 x102. What is the concentration of CH3OH in the equilibrium mixture ...
... 16. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combined in the commercial preparation of methyl alcohol. At a certain set of conditions, the equilibrium mixture contains 0.020 mol/L of CO, 0.60 mol/L of H2, and the equilibrium constant is 2.2 x102. What is the concentration of CH3OH in the equilibrium mixture ...
Transition Metal Basics
... For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ ...
... For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ ...
Regiospecificity according to Markovnikov
... • If the alkyl groups at either end of the C-C triple bond are not the same, both products can form and this is not normally useful • If the triple bond is at the first carbon of the chain (then H is what is attached to one side) this is called a terminal alkyne • Hydration of a terminal always give ...
... • If the alkyl groups at either end of the C-C triple bond are not the same, both products can form and this is not normally useful • If the triple bond is at the first carbon of the chain (then H is what is attached to one side) this is called a terminal alkyne • Hydration of a terminal always give ...
Lecture Resource ()
... The goal is to convert the OH group into a better leaving group such that the acyl chloride can be prepared ...
... The goal is to convert the OH group into a better leaving group such that the acyl chloride can be prepared ...
Lecture #
... are indicated clearly by chapter and page numbers where necessary. Topics NOT from Clayden are listed in italics. PLTL topics are in CAPS. This document will be updated throughout the term. The goals of this course are: - to achieve an advanced understanding of the reactivity of organic molecules - ...
... are indicated clearly by chapter and page numbers where necessary. Topics NOT from Clayden are listed in italics. PLTL topics are in CAPS. This document will be updated throughout the term. The goals of this course are: - to achieve an advanced understanding of the reactivity of organic molecules - ...
Macromolecules polymers carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic
... All macromolecules are constructed by 40-50 different monomers b. Diversity results from the unique combination of these subunits How are macromolecules formed? Terms: Polymerization—chemical reactions that link two or more small molecules to form larger molecules with repeating structural units Con ...
... All macromolecules are constructed by 40-50 different monomers b. Diversity results from the unique combination of these subunits How are macromolecules formed? Terms: Polymerization—chemical reactions that link two or more small molecules to form larger molecules with repeating structural units Con ...
ethers - WordPress.com
... • Reaction of metal alkoxides and primary alkyl halides and tosylates • Best method for the preparation of ethers • Alkoxides prepared by reaction of an alcohol with a strong base such as sodium hydride, NaH ...
... • Reaction of metal alkoxides and primary alkyl halides and tosylates • Best method for the preparation of ethers • Alkoxides prepared by reaction of an alcohol with a strong base such as sodium hydride, NaH ...
Chapter 14
... Functional Group Isomers: consitutional isomers with different functional groups Ex.: C3 ether and C3 alcohol Physical & Chemical Properties Physical BP = to alkanes; lower than alcohols No H-bonding w/ self possible Water soluble: can H-bond w/ water NP substances are generally soluble in ethers Ch ...
... Functional Group Isomers: consitutional isomers with different functional groups Ex.: C3 ether and C3 alcohol Physical & Chemical Properties Physical BP = to alkanes; lower than alcohols No H-bonding w/ self possible Water soluble: can H-bond w/ water NP substances are generally soluble in ethers Ch ...
ZADANIE 1
... (Note 2) is dissolved in 1300 mL of 5 N hydrochloric acid (Note 3). The mixture is cooled to 0°C in an ice/sodium chloride bath (Note 4) and a precooled solution of 110 g (1.6 mol) of sodium nitrite in 400 mL of water is added dropwise at a rate of about 2 mL/min under vigorous stirring and efficien ...
... (Note 2) is dissolved in 1300 mL of 5 N hydrochloric acid (Note 3). The mixture is cooled to 0°C in an ice/sodium chloride bath (Note 4) and a precooled solution of 110 g (1.6 mol) of sodium nitrite in 400 mL of water is added dropwise at a rate of about 2 mL/min under vigorous stirring and efficien ...
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... • Alcohols are weak nucleophiles but acid promotes addi3on forming the conjugate acid of C=O • Addi3on yields a hydroxy ether, called a hemiacetal (reversible); further reac3on can occur • Protona3on of the ...
... • Alcohols are weak nucleophiles but acid promotes addi3on forming the conjugate acid of C=O • Addi3on yields a hydroxy ether, called a hemiacetal (reversible); further reac3on can occur • Protona3on of the ...
Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an important homogeneously catalyzed industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes. This chemical reaction entails the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to a carbon-carbon double bond. This process has undergone continuous growth since its invention in 1938: Production capacity reached 6.6×106 tons in 1995. It is important because the resulting aldehydes are easily converted into many secondary products. For example, the resulting aldehydes are hydrogenated to alcohols that are converted to plasticizers or detergents. Hydroformylation is also used in specialty chemicals, relevant to the organic synthesis of fragrances and natural products. The development of hydroformylation, which originated within the German coal-based industry, is considered one of the premier achievements of 20th-century industrial chemistry.The process typically entails treatment of an alkene with high pressures (between 10 to 100 atmospheres) of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures between 40 and 200 °C. Transition metal catalysts are required.