Epidemiology
... liability of having an apparent illness, and the severer will be the diseases. 5. Tissue selectivity (tropism): Is the inherent capacity of the pathogen to invade some particular tissues. This is the factor that gives each disease its characteristic symptoms and signs. 6. Host specificity: Some path ...
... liability of having an apparent illness, and the severer will be the diseases. 5. Tissue selectivity (tropism): Is the inherent capacity of the pathogen to invade some particular tissues. This is the factor that gives each disease its characteristic symptoms and signs. 6. Host specificity: Some path ...
Tuberculin Skin Test (TST)
... For more information about administering, interpreting and managing a Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) contact the Health Unit. ...
... For more information about administering, interpreting and managing a Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) contact the Health Unit. ...
Basic Presentation HIV/AIDS
... People over 50 demonstrate double the national average for the number of new HIV cases reported Half of new HIV infections are 25 or younger Rates in youth, minority women, and heterosexuals reflect the national trends Special challenges exist in HIV education and prevention in the Deaf and ...
... People over 50 demonstrate double the national average for the number of new HIV cases reported Half of new HIV infections are 25 or younger Rates in youth, minority women, and heterosexuals reflect the national trends Special challenges exist in HIV education and prevention in the Deaf and ...
Review on Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases
... Wollo University School of Veterinary Medicine, Alula Alemayehu, P.O. Box- 1145, Wollo University School of Veterinary Medicine, Dessie, Ethiopia Abstract: Zoonotic diseases are those diseases that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man with or without an arthropod intermediate ...
... Wollo University School of Veterinary Medicine, Alula Alemayehu, P.O. Box- 1145, Wollo University School of Veterinary Medicine, Dessie, Ethiopia Abstract: Zoonotic diseases are those diseases that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man with or without an arthropod intermediate ...
Aerosols and Aerobiology
... et al., Aerogenic immunization of the monkey and guinea pig with live tularemia vaccine (1961) 3 Sawyer et al., Simultaneous aerosol immunization of monkeys with live tularemia and live VEE vaccines (1964) 4 Muromstev et al., Experimental reimmunization with diptheria toxoid by inhalation (1960) 5 Y ...
... et al., Aerogenic immunization of the monkey and guinea pig with live tularemia vaccine (1961) 3 Sawyer et al., Simultaneous aerosol immunization of monkeys with live tularemia and live VEE vaccines (1964) 4 Muromstev et al., Experimental reimmunization with diptheria toxoid by inhalation (1960) 5 Y ...
Immunisation update
... New Zealand has a pertussis epidemic every four to five years – currently in early phases Infants are vulnerable to disease The best way to contain an epidemic is immunisation and effective management of confirmed cases Exclude confirmed cases from school or work Pertussis is a notifiable ...
... New Zealand has a pertussis epidemic every four to five years – currently in early phases Infants are vulnerable to disease The best way to contain an epidemic is immunisation and effective management of confirmed cases Exclude confirmed cases from school or work Pertussis is a notifiable ...
Diagnostic Standards and Classification of TB in Adults and Children (PDF)
... majority of individuals with normal immune function, proliferation of M. tuberculosis is arrested once cell-mediated immunity develops, even though small numbers of viable bacilli may remain within the granuloma. Although a primary complex can sometimes be seen on chest radiograph, the majority of p ...
... majority of individuals with normal immune function, proliferation of M. tuberculosis is arrested once cell-mediated immunity develops, even though small numbers of viable bacilli may remain within the granuloma. Although a primary complex can sometimes be seen on chest radiograph, the majority of p ...
Chlamydia trachomatis
... Treatment for chlamydial infection is with tetracycline, macrolides or fluoroquinolones. It is important to remember that these microorganisms are not susceptible to the beta-lactam antibiotics which are the drugs of choice for treatment of gonorrhoea and syphilis. Vaccines are of little value and a ...
... Treatment for chlamydial infection is with tetracycline, macrolides or fluoroquinolones. It is important to remember that these microorganisms are not susceptible to the beta-lactam antibiotics which are the drugs of choice for treatment of gonorrhoea and syphilis. Vaccines are of little value and a ...
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
... pathogen in infectious forms between or within hosts and the persistence of the pathogen in the environment of humans will enhance the possibility of emergence and re-emergence of infections. Mechanism of transmission: The specific mechanism of transmission of a pathogen is a key factor in the poten ...
... pathogen in infectious forms between or within hosts and the persistence of the pathogen in the environment of humans will enhance the possibility of emergence and re-emergence of infections. Mechanism of transmission: The specific mechanism of transmission of a pathogen is a key factor in the poten ...
Disease Cheat Sheet
... severe form of the disease. The severe form is characterized by high fever, jaundice, bleeding, and eventually shock and failure of multiple organs. http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/ Typhoid Fever Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. In the United State ...
... severe form of the disease. The severe form is characterized by high fever, jaundice, bleeding, and eventually shock and failure of multiple organs. http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/ Typhoid Fever Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. In the United State ...
Standard Precautions and Bloodborne Pathogens
... of HIV damage a person’s body by destroying specific blood cells, called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping the body fight diseases. Within a few weeks of being infected with HIV, some people develop flu-like symptoms that last for a week or two, but others have no symptoms at all. People li ...
... of HIV damage a person’s body by destroying specific blood cells, called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping the body fight diseases. Within a few weeks of being infected with HIV, some people develop flu-like symptoms that last for a week or two, but others have no symptoms at all. People li ...
Congenital Infections
... Congenital Infection • Isolation of CMV from the saliva or urine within 3 weeks of birth. • Commonest congenital viral infection, affects 0.3 - 1% of all live births. • The second most common cause of mental disibility after Down's syndrome • Transmission to the fetus may occur following primary or ...
... Congenital Infection • Isolation of CMV from the saliva or urine within 3 weeks of birth. • Commonest congenital viral infection, affects 0.3 - 1% of all live births. • The second most common cause of mental disibility after Down's syndrome • Transmission to the fetus may occur following primary or ...
Infectious diseases of specific relevance to newly arrived
... poor hygiene, and limited access to medical care have been reported as contributing factors. The meningococcal carriage rate has been shown to be higher among individuals in overcrowded settings and most cases are acquired through exposure to asymptomatic carriers. Meningococcal disease is usually r ...
... poor hygiene, and limited access to medical care have been reported as contributing factors. The meningococcal carriage rate has been shown to be higher among individuals in overcrowded settings and most cases are acquired through exposure to asymptomatic carriers. Meningococcal disease is usually r ...
BASIC DISEASE FACTS (updated 09
... Toronto in Canada. Many other countries reported imported cases only or very limited local transmission. It is currently agreed that a new coronavirus (“SARS virus”) is the major causative agent of SARS. The main symptoms and signs include high fever (>38o C or 100.4o F), cough, shortness of breath ...
... Toronto in Canada. Many other countries reported imported cases only or very limited local transmission. It is currently agreed that a new coronavirus (“SARS virus”) is the major causative agent of SARS. The main symptoms and signs include high fever (>38o C or 100.4o F), cough, shortness of breath ...
THE GENUS CLOSTRIDUM
... C. pneumoniae is the causative agent of an atypical pneumonia (walking pneumonia) similar to those caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumoniae. In addition it can cause a pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis and possibly atherosclerosis. The organism was originally called the TWAR strain ...
... C. pneumoniae is the causative agent of an atypical pneumonia (walking pneumonia) similar to those caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumoniae. In addition it can cause a pharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis and possibly atherosclerosis. The organism was originally called the TWAR strain ...
Progression of Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
... Drug-resistant Tuberculosis and its spread continue to threaten the global surveillance tuberculosis programs in its control efforts in many countries including the United States. Drug resistant tuberculosis can be defined as a form of Tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to one or more drugs. Drug-r ...
... Drug-resistant Tuberculosis and its spread continue to threaten the global surveillance tuberculosis programs in its control efforts in many countries including the United States. Drug resistant tuberculosis can be defined as a form of Tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to one or more drugs. Drug-r ...
PATH 417 Case 3 Week 1: The Body System- Hasrit
... pneumonia (Nair and Niederman, 2011). This results in a disruption of the normal physiological functioning of the lungs and the entire respiratory system. It is important to note that M. tuberculosis initiates a similar inflammatory response and results in similar changes to the respiratory system’s ...
... pneumonia (Nair and Niederman, 2011). This results in a disruption of the normal physiological functioning of the lungs and the entire respiratory system. It is important to note that M. tuberculosis initiates a similar inflammatory response and results in similar changes to the respiratory system’s ...
SERIES "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PULMONARY INFECTIONS" Number 5 in this Series
... Tuberculosis is a global emergency. One third of the world9s population is infected, and although only about 5 – 10% develop active disease during the first few years following exposure [1], this still results in a massive case load, with eight million new cases each year, and three million deaths. ...
... Tuberculosis is a global emergency. One third of the world9s population is infected, and although only about 5 – 10% develop active disease during the first few years following exposure [1], this still results in a massive case load, with eight million new cases each year, and three million deaths. ...
New imaging approaches for improving diagnosis of
... In South Africa (SA), childhood tuberculosis (TB) still accounts for considerable morbidity and mortality. The incidence of TB disease and risk of progression to severe or disseminated forms are especially high in young children or those with HIV infection. Childhood TB presents most commonly as pri ...
... In South Africa (SA), childhood tuberculosis (TB) still accounts for considerable morbidity and mortality. The incidence of TB disease and risk of progression to severe or disseminated forms are especially high in young children or those with HIV infection. Childhood TB presents most commonly as pri ...
Foodborne Viruses in the European Union
... •Incubation period: 12 to 72 hours •Traditional described as a “mild illness”, symptoms include: •watery diarrhoea (>80%), vomiting (75%), abdominal pain (50%), nausea (50%), cramps (45%), Fever (33%), and occasionally, muscle aches and headaches ...
... •Incubation period: 12 to 72 hours •Traditional described as a “mild illness”, symptoms include: •watery diarrhoea (>80%), vomiting (75%), abdominal pain (50%), nausea (50%), cramps (45%), Fever (33%), and occasionally, muscle aches and headaches ...
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB (short for tubercle bacillus), in the past also called phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, or consumption, is a widespread, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis typically attacks the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air when people who have an active TB infection cough, sneeze, or otherwise transmit respiratory fluids through the air. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About one in ten latent infections eventually progresses to active disease which, if left untreated, kills more than 50% of those so infected.The classic symptoms of active TB infection are a chronic cough with blood-tinged sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss (the last of these giving rise to the formerly common term for the disease, ""consumption""). Infection of other organs causes a wide range of symptoms. Diagnosis of active TB relies on radiology (commonly chest X-rays), as well as microscopic examination and microbiological culture of body fluids. Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or blood tests. Treatment is difficult and requires administration of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. Household, workplace and social contacts are also screened and treated if necessary. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infections. Prevention relies on early detection and treatment of cases and on screening programs and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine.One-third of the world's population is thought to have been infected with M. tuberculosis, and new infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2007, an estimated 13.7 million chronic cases were active globally, while in 2013, an estimated 9 million new cases occurred. In 2013 there were between 1.3 and 1.5 million associated deaths, most of which occurred in developing countries. The total number of tuberculosis cases has been decreasing since 2006, and new cases have decreased since 2002. The rate of tuberculosis in different areas varies across the globe; about 80% of the population in many Asian and African countries tests positive in tuberculin tests, while only 5–10% of the United States population tests positive. More people in the developing world contract tuberculosis because of a poor immune system, largely due to high rates of HIV infection and the corresponding development of AIDS.