Effects of Dengue Incidence on Socio
... millions of people who are affected severely by the Dengue fever. According to one estimate Dengue fever is responsible for more than 26,000 deaths per year worldwide. The increase in mortality rate is caused by four Dengue virus serotypes that are transmitted by the virus known as Aedes Aegypti (Ng ...
... millions of people who are affected severely by the Dengue fever. According to one estimate Dengue fever is responsible for more than 26,000 deaths per year worldwide. The increase in mortality rate is caused by four Dengue virus serotypes that are transmitted by the virus known as Aedes Aegypti (Ng ...
Syphilis
... syphilis have been reported in every major Canadian urban centre, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). In recent years, the number of new cases has risen dramatically. Symptoms of early syphilis vary considerably—from a painless chancre, a sore or a rash, to a fever, headache, problem ...
... syphilis have been reported in every major Canadian urban centre, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). In recent years, the number of new cases has risen dramatically. Symptoms of early syphilis vary considerably—from a painless chancre, a sore or a rash, to a fever, headache, problem ...
American Thoracic Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children S
... Tuberculosis is spread from person to person through the air by droplet nuclei, particles 1 to 5 pm in diameter that contain M. tuberculosis complex (4). Droplet nuclei are produced when persons with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis cough, sneeze, speak, or sing. They also may be produced by aero ...
... Tuberculosis is spread from person to person through the air by droplet nuclei, particles 1 to 5 pm in diameter that contain M. tuberculosis complex (4). Droplet nuclei are produced when persons with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis cough, sneeze, speak, or sing. They also may be produced by aero ...
human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing
... (EIA) which are used to confirm exposure of an individual’s immune system to specific viral antigens. These assays may be formatted to detect HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1 and 2 simultaneously and to detect both IgM and IgG. When the initial EIA test is repeatedly positive or indeterminate, an alternative ...
... (EIA) which are used to confirm exposure of an individual’s immune system to specific viral antigens. These assays may be formatted to detect HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1 and 2 simultaneously and to detect both IgM and IgG. When the initial EIA test is repeatedly positive or indeterminate, an alternative ...
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) – Infectious, Contagious
... zoonotic or production disease? Acta vet. scand. 2003. Suppl. 98, 33-42. – In 1986, a new progressive neurological condition similar to scrapie of sheep and goats was recognised in cattle in the United Kingdom (UK), and was named bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). There is an ongoing discussion ...
... zoonotic or production disease? Acta vet. scand. 2003. Suppl. 98, 33-42. – In 1986, a new progressive neurological condition similar to scrapie of sheep and goats was recognised in cattle in the United Kingdom (UK), and was named bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). There is an ongoing discussion ...
Quarantines and Distributive Justice
... concerns, moreover, are anything but fantastic. Infectious diseases, particularly in epidemic forms, commonly trigger retributive and discriminatory instincts, so that actual quarantines often impose inhumane, stigmatizing, or even penal treatment upon persons who are confined based on caprice or ev ...
... concerns, moreover, are anything but fantastic. Infectious diseases, particularly in epidemic forms, commonly trigger retributive and discriminatory instincts, so that actual quarantines often impose inhumane, stigmatizing, or even penal treatment upon persons who are confined based on caprice or ev ...
Congenital syphilis: No longer just of historical interest
... staging of maternal syphilis is complex and includes a combination of history, physical examination, epidemi ological features, direct tests from lesions and serolog ical tests; the reader should refer to other sources for details [1]. The majority of infants with congenital syphilis are infected ...
... staging of maternal syphilis is complex and includes a combination of history, physical examination, epidemi ological features, direct tests from lesions and serolog ical tests; the reader should refer to other sources for details [1]. The majority of infants with congenital syphilis are infected ...
alcohol, social development and infectious disease
... Chronic heavy alcohol consumption is linked to the development of active tuberculosis (TB) in several ways both by social and biological pathways. While about one-third of the people in the world are infected with M. tuberculosis [22], ninety percent of these individuals will never develop the clini ...
... Chronic heavy alcohol consumption is linked to the development of active tuberculosis (TB) in several ways both by social and biological pathways. While about one-third of the people in the world are infected with M. tuberculosis [22], ninety percent of these individuals will never develop the clini ...
A NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF HERPES ZOSTER IN
... caused by carcinomatous infiltration of the anterior branch of an intercostal nerve, t,hc dors:~lgnngli:~rern:tining int:tct. In :tnot,hcr case the postlerior root wT:lsinvolved, :inti in :tnot,hcr t,hr posterior horn of the spinal cortl, thc dors:il ganglia being un:tffcctcd. Thcsc findings suggest ...
... caused by carcinomatous infiltration of the anterior branch of an intercostal nerve, t,hc dors:~lgnngli:~rern:tining int:tct. In :tnot,hcr case the postlerior root wT:lsinvolved, :inti in :tnot,hcr t,hr posterior horn of the spinal cortl, thc dors:il ganglia being un:tffcctcd. Thcsc findings suggest ...
QUARTERLY AQUATIC ANIMAL DISEASE REPORT
... Transboundary movement of live aquatic animals and aquatic animal products within and across national boundaries is a necessity for economic, social and development purposes. However, this may lead to introduction of new and emerging pathogens and to disease establishment which can pose risks to imp ...
... Transboundary movement of live aquatic animals and aquatic animal products within and across national boundaries is a necessity for economic, social and development purposes. However, this may lead to introduction of new and emerging pathogens and to disease establishment which can pose risks to imp ...
who estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases
... the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Org ...
... the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Org ...
Communicable Diseases
... communicable diseases back onto the agenda of health services in high-income countries. The six leading groups of infectious diseases (acute respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, malaria and measles) together cause over 11 million deaths worldwide every year, and bligh ...
... communicable diseases back onto the agenda of health services in high-income countries. The six leading groups of infectious diseases (acute respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, malaria and measles) together cause over 11 million deaths worldwide every year, and bligh ...
curriculum vitae - The University of Sydney
... Maeurer M, Schito M, Zumla A. Advances in diagnostic assays for tuberculosis: The Xpert MTB/RIF assay and future prospects for a point-of-care test. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13: 34961 Perez-Velez CM, Marais BJ. Tuberculosis in children. N Engl J Med 2012: 367: 348-61 Al-Dabbagh M, van den Driessche K ...
... Maeurer M, Schito M, Zumla A. Advances in diagnostic assays for tuberculosis: The Xpert MTB/RIF assay and future prospects for a point-of-care test. Lancet Infect Dis 2013; 13: 34961 Perez-Velez CM, Marais BJ. Tuberculosis in children. N Engl J Med 2012: 367: 348-61 Al-Dabbagh M, van den Driessche K ...
Climate Change and Highland Malaria: Fresh Air for a Hot Debate
... supported the hypothesis that endogenous, density-dependent factors (e.g., number of individuals) can drive animal population dynamics through changes in the life history traits of individuals that have experienced different levels of crowding. This debate prompted significant research efforts in po ...
... supported the hypothesis that endogenous, density-dependent factors (e.g., number of individuals) can drive animal population dynamics through changes in the life history traits of individuals that have experienced different levels of crowding. This debate prompted significant research efforts in po ...
1 Basic Concept of Vaccination 1.1 Definition of vaccines
... understood, there is no guarantee that a same vaccine design can be successfully applied to other similar disease agents. For many years, scientists have been unable to develop safe and effective vaccines against diseases like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)—a very common childhood respiratory inf ...
... understood, there is no guarantee that a same vaccine design can be successfully applied to other similar disease agents. For many years, scientists have been unable to develop safe and effective vaccines against diseases like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)—a very common childhood respiratory inf ...
Tularemia as a Biological Weapon
... Objective The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensusbased recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if tularemia is used as a biological weapon against a civilian population. Participants The working group included 25 representatives fr ...
... Objective The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensusbased recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if tularemia is used as a biological weapon against a civilian population. Participants The working group included 25 representatives fr ...
Tularemia as a Biological Weapon
... Objective The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensusbased recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if tularemia is used as a biological weapon against a civilian population. Participants The working group included 25 representatives fr ...
... Objective The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensusbased recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if tularemia is used as a biological weapon against a civilian population. Participants The working group included 25 representatives fr ...
Immunization
... to ten years. This covers childhood, which is the time of greatest exposure and greatest risk of death from pertussis.[5][11] For children, the immunizations are commonly given in combination with immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, polio and haemophilus influenzae type B. ...
... to ten years. This covers childhood, which is the time of greatest exposure and greatest risk of death from pertussis.[5][11] For children, the immunizations are commonly given in combination with immunizations against tetanus, diphtheria, polio and haemophilus influenzae type B. ...
Evaluating probabilistic dengue risk forecasts from a prototype early
... forecast map (Jupp et al., 2012; Lowe et al., 2014) and the corresponding observed dengue incidence rate categories (low, medium and high). The model correctly predicted, with high certainty (the greater the colour saturation, the greater the certainty), low dengue risk in South Brazil and large are ...
... forecast map (Jupp et al., 2012; Lowe et al., 2014) and the corresponding observed dengue incidence rate categories (low, medium and high). The model correctly predicted, with high certainty (the greater the colour saturation, the greater the certainty), low dengue risk in South Brazil and large are ...
Maternal syphilis: pathophysiology and treatment
... help to determine biological effect and have influenced decisions about management. For example, the organism replicates slowly; the doubling time for T. pallidum has been calculated to be 30–33 hours in early disease (8). On this basis, Idsoe (9) suggested that effective treatment of early syphilis ...
... help to determine biological effect and have influenced decisions about management. For example, the organism replicates slowly; the doubling time for T. pallidum has been calculated to be 30–33 hours in early disease (8). On this basis, Idsoe (9) suggested that effective treatment of early syphilis ...
Review of Cases With the Emerging Fifth Human Malaria Parasite
... P. falciparum and P. malariae. This and the next few cases were confirmed using PCR and sequencing or P. knowlesi–specific nested PCR. The third reported case was in a Swedish man who had been travelling in Malaysian Borneo for 2 weeks and stayed in a jungle for 1 week. Rapid diagnostic test results ...
... P. falciparum and P. malariae. This and the next few cases were confirmed using PCR and sequencing or P. knowlesi–specific nested PCR. The third reported case was in a Swedish man who had been travelling in Malaysian Borneo for 2 weeks and stayed in a jungle for 1 week. Rapid diagnostic test results ...
Mortality and causes of death in Jordan 1995±96: assessment by
... Data acquisition relied mainly on two basic instruments: a public death notification form and a verbal autopsy form. The death notification form is the basic government form used for burial and registration. Besides identification data, it records cause of death, which remains unchanged in all subse ...
... Data acquisition relied mainly on two basic instruments: a public death notification form and a verbal autopsy form. The death notification form is the basic government form used for burial and registration. Besides identification data, it records cause of death, which remains unchanged in all subse ...
Neglected tropical diseases
Neglected tropical diseases are a medically diverse group of tropical infections which are especially common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. They are caused by a variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. Different organizations define the set of diseases differently. In sub-Saharan Africa, the impact of these diseases as a group is comparable to malaria and tuberculosis. Some of these diseases have known preventive measures or acute medical treatments which are available in the developed world but which are not universally available in poorer areas. In some cases, the treatments are relatively inexpensive. For example, the treatment for schistosomiasis is USD $0.20 per child per year. Nevertheless, control of neglected diseases is estimated to require funding of between US$2 billion to US$3 billion over the next five to seven years.These diseases are contrasted with the big three diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria), which generally receive greater treatment and research funding. The neglected diseases can also make HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis more deadly. However, some pharmaceutical companies have committed to donating all the drug therapies required, and mass drug administration (for example mass deworming) has been successfully accomplished in several countries.Seventeen neglected tropical diseases are prioritized by WHO. These diseases are common in 149 countries, affecting more than 1.4 billion people (including more than 500 million children) and costing developing economies billions of dollars every year. They resulted in 142,000 deaths in 2013 –down from 204,000 deaths in 1990. Of these 17, two are targeted for eradication (dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) by 2015 and yaws by 2020) and four for elimination (blinding trachoma, human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy and lymphatic filariasis by 2020).