The Immunological Basis for Immunization Series
... HIV-infected persons, accounting for approximately 23% of AIDS deaths worldwide. In 2008 WHO estimated that there were nearly half a million new cases of multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) a year, which is about 5% of over nine million new TB cases of all types (1). WHO also found that extensively dru ...
... HIV-infected persons, accounting for approximately 23% of AIDS deaths worldwide. In 2008 WHO estimated that there were nearly half a million new cases of multi-drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) a year, which is about 5% of over nine million new TB cases of all types (1). WHO also found that extensively dru ...
1. Syphilis
... Penicillin antibiotics are the first-line treatment. Penicillin-resistant strains have not been found so far. In the late stages of syphilis, the same treatments for early syphilis are repeated every 6 months; nonetheless, the disease tends to be intractable at that stage. Macrolide or tetracycline ...
... Penicillin antibiotics are the first-line treatment. Penicillin-resistant strains have not been found so far. In the late stages of syphilis, the same treatments for early syphilis are repeated every 6 months; nonetheless, the disease tends to be intractable at that stage. Macrolide or tetracycline ...
Varicella-zoster (chickenpox) vaccines for Australian children
... is defined as a case of wild-type varicella infection occurring more than 42 days after vaccination. The majority of cases of breakthrough varicella are mild and result in fewer skin lesions (usually <50), although up to 28% of breakthrough varicella cases may be severe (>500 lesions).2 In mild brea ...
... is defined as a case of wild-type varicella infection occurring more than 42 days after vaccination. The majority of cases of breakthrough varicella are mild and result in fewer skin lesions (usually <50), although up to 28% of breakthrough varicella cases may be severe (>500 lesions).2 In mild brea ...
- Infection Prevention Tools
... What appeared to be clean visually was often highly contaminated microbiologically, including MRSA! ...
... What appeared to be clean visually was often highly contaminated microbiologically, including MRSA! ...
Anthrax in Europe: its epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and role
... Where outside of Europe does anthrax occur? There is no surveillance system for animal or human cases, and the distribution and magnitude of cases are only generally known. In areas with many cases, poor veterinary resources prohibit vaccination of livestock, and outbreaks of disease in livestock an ...
... Where outside of Europe does anthrax occur? There is no surveillance system for animal or human cases, and the distribution and magnitude of cases are only generally known. In areas with many cases, poor veterinary resources prohibit vaccination of livestock, and outbreaks of disease in livestock an ...
Haemophilus influenzae type b - Fact sheet - NCIRS
... airway management, is not instituted, the swollen epiglottis can rapidly cause respiratory obstruction leading to death. Hib was responsible for over 95% of cases of epiglottitis in the pre-vaccination era. Transmission The only reservoir of Hib is humans and the organism is mostly carried as a comm ...
... airway management, is not instituted, the swollen epiglottis can rapidly cause respiratory obstruction leading to death. Hib was responsible for over 95% of cases of epiglottitis in the pre-vaccination era. Transmission The only reservoir of Hib is humans and the organism is mostly carried as a comm ...
Ticks and Tickborne Bacterial Diseases in Humans: An Emerging
... arthropods, including ticks. After World War II, a number of viral, protozoan, and bacterial tickborne diseases were described in animals and in humans [9]. In the 1980s, Lyme borreliosis due to Borrelia burgdorferi [10] was described, and the disease is currently considered the most important vecto ...
... arthropods, including ticks. After World War II, a number of viral, protozoan, and bacterial tickborne diseases were described in animals and in humans [9]. In the 1980s, Lyme borreliosis due to Borrelia burgdorferi [10] was described, and the disease is currently considered the most important vecto ...
No. 82 of 2015 - Repatriation Medical Authority
... infectious tuberculosis means active tuberculosis of the respiratory tract, as confirmed by laboratory, radiological or epidemiological evidence. Such evidence includes being positive for tuberculosis organisms on sputum smear, sputum culture or bronchial washings, testing positive for tuberculosis- ...
... infectious tuberculosis means active tuberculosis of the respiratory tract, as confirmed by laboratory, radiological or epidemiological evidence. Such evidence includes being positive for tuberculosis organisms on sputum smear, sputum culture or bronchial washings, testing positive for tuberculosis- ...
Mosquito-Born Dengue Fever Threat Spreading in the
... that a half-million hospitalizations each year result from DHF, most of these among children. Prior to 1970, only nine countries had experienced DHF epidemics, but by 1995 that number had increased more than fourfold. In the Americas in 2007 alone, there were 26,000 reported cases of DHF, most of th ...
... that a half-million hospitalizations each year result from DHF, most of these among children. Prior to 1970, only nine countries had experienced DHF epidemics, but by 1995 that number had increased more than fourfold. In the Americas in 2007 alone, there were 26,000 reported cases of DHF, most of th ...
Mortality and causes of death in South Africa
... Mortality and causes of death in South Africa, 2010: Findings from death notification Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 © Statistics South Africa, 2013 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as the original ...
... Mortality and causes of death in South Africa, 2010: Findings from death notification Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 © Statistics South Africa, 2013 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as the original ...
Syphilis Fact Sheet
... symptoms. This latent stage can last for years. About 15% of people who have not been treated for syphilis develop late stage syphilis, which can appear 10–30 years after infection began. Symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gr ...
... symptoms. This latent stage can last for years. About 15% of people who have not been treated for syphilis develop late stage syphilis, which can appear 10–30 years after infection began. Symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gr ...
Pertussis vaccines for Australians
... Pertussis vaccines for Australians | NCIRS Fact sheet: March 2016 ...
... Pertussis vaccines for Australians | NCIRS Fact sheet: March 2016 ...
Pre-meeting document. - Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board
... Basic research on new vaccines and or improvement of existing ones such as the use of new technologies may be carried out in academic or other non-industrial laboratories, but development work, including the necessary extensive clinical testing, that lead to products that can be approved for routine ...
... Basic research on new vaccines and or improvement of existing ones such as the use of new technologies may be carried out in academic or other non-industrial laboratories, but development work, including the necessary extensive clinical testing, that lead to products that can be approved for routine ...
Murine Typhus: An Unrecognized Suburban Vectorborne Disease
... Public Health Service in 1945 to control rats and their fleas effectively reduced typhus reports to !100 cases per year by the late 1980s [3–7, 10]. Since 1980, case reports have receded to the southern regions of Texas and California where the opossum maintains the life cycle [3, 4]. Hawaii, howeve ...
... Public Health Service in 1945 to control rats and their fleas effectively reduced typhus reports to !100 cases per year by the late 1980s [3–7, 10]. Since 1980, case reports have receded to the southern regions of Texas and California where the opossum maintains the life cycle [3, 4]. Hawaii, howeve ...
Infectious Diseases in Finland 2011
... rotavirus vaccine. The number of cases of listeria also decreased, and the variant that had previously been the most commonly found in fish products almost completely disappeared. Salmonella Oranienburg caused several clusters around Finland. ...
... rotavirus vaccine. The number of cases of listeria also decreased, and the variant that had previously been the most commonly found in fish products almost completely disappeared. Salmonella Oranienburg caused several clusters around Finland. ...
review of pathogens of prawns - Australian Prawn Farmers Association
... at a rate of 300 kg/ha to kill wild crustaceans which may carry YHV. In semi-closed systems, no water exchange takes place within the ponds until 30-60 days poststocking while in closed systems there is no water exchange during the culture cycle. Additional preventative measures, such as excluding p ...
... at a rate of 300 kg/ha to kill wild crustaceans which may carry YHV. In semi-closed systems, no water exchange takes place within the ponds until 30-60 days poststocking while in closed systems there is no water exchange during the culture cycle. Additional preventative measures, such as excluding p ...
Notifiable diseases in Alberta: 2004 Annual Report
... Data for incidence measures of infectious diseases in Alberta is obtained from communicable diseases databases at Alberta Health and Wellness. The national incidence measures are obtained from the Public Health Agency of Canada. Incidence measures for communicable diseases are not age or sex adjuste ...
... Data for incidence measures of infectious diseases in Alberta is obtained from communicable diseases databases at Alberta Health and Wellness. The national incidence measures are obtained from the Public Health Agency of Canada. Incidence measures for communicable diseases are not age or sex adjuste ...
Myths and concerns about vaccination
... regional and national surveillance systems that collect reports of any adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). These AEFI reports include any untoward medical occurrence that follows immunisation. The occurrence may not necessarily have a causal relationship with the vaccine but may occur by c ...
... regional and national surveillance systems that collect reports of any adverse events following immunisation (AEFI). These AEFI reports include any untoward medical occurrence that follows immunisation. The occurrence may not necessarily have a causal relationship with the vaccine but may occur by c ...
1. The most superficial layer of epidermis is: a) stratum germinativum
... 64. All of the following sites are affected by scabies in infants except: a) palms and soles b) face c) mucosa d) scalp 65. All of the following sites may be involved in nodular scabies except: a) penis b) trunk c) axillae d) elbows 66. Scabies incognito occurs following treatment of ordinary scabi ...
... 64. All of the following sites are affected by scabies in infants except: a) palms and soles b) face c) mucosa d) scalp 65. All of the following sites may be involved in nodular scabies except: a) penis b) trunk c) axillae d) elbows 66. Scabies incognito occurs following treatment of ordinary scabi ...
Vaccine Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network
... The network strengthens the capacity of manufacturers to supply high-quality vaccines by facilitating information sharing and workshops, encouraging technology transfer initiatives and innovative research, and educating the public about the availability of safe and effective vaccines from developing ...
... The network strengthens the capacity of manufacturers to supply high-quality vaccines by facilitating information sharing and workshops, encouraging technology transfer initiatives and innovative research, and educating the public about the availability of safe and effective vaccines from developing ...
Care for Wounds - American Leprosy Missions
... 1. Health Coach divides the large group into six groups. 2. Health Coach writes on the flip chart the following six principles for improving wound care and assigns one principle to each of the six groups: • Control underlying health conditions and/ or diseases • Protect the wound and surrounding ...
... 1. Health Coach divides the large group into six groups. 2. Health Coach writes on the flip chart the following six principles for improving wound care and assigns one principle to each of the six groups: • Control underlying health conditions and/ or diseases • Protect the wound and surrounding ...
Unit 2: Syphilis
... Incorrect Answer Response: The longer the chancre has been present, the greater the likelihood the serologic tests will be reactive. Most people with primary syphilis wait a week before seeking medical attention, and about three out of four individuals with primary syphilis have a positive serologic ...
... Incorrect Answer Response: The longer the chancre has been present, the greater the likelihood the serologic tests will be reactive. Most people with primary syphilis wait a week before seeking medical attention, and about three out of four individuals with primary syphilis have a positive serologic ...
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections
... many different organs and organ systems. Approximately 95% of infections caused by the community-acquired strains of MRSA involve the skin or soft tissue, approximately 2-4% involve a bone or a joint: the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and other sites of infection each account for 1% or less of c ...
... many different organs and organ systems. Approximately 95% of infections caused by the community-acquired strains of MRSA involve the skin or soft tissue, approximately 2-4% involve a bone or a joint: the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and other sites of infection each account for 1% or less of c ...
Neglected tropical diseases
Neglected tropical diseases are a medically diverse group of tropical infections which are especially common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. They are caused by a variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. Different organizations define the set of diseases differently. In sub-Saharan Africa, the impact of these diseases as a group is comparable to malaria and tuberculosis. Some of these diseases have known preventive measures or acute medical treatments which are available in the developed world but which are not universally available in poorer areas. In some cases, the treatments are relatively inexpensive. For example, the treatment for schistosomiasis is USD $0.20 per child per year. Nevertheless, control of neglected diseases is estimated to require funding of between US$2 billion to US$3 billion over the next five to seven years.These diseases are contrasted with the big three diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria), which generally receive greater treatment and research funding. The neglected diseases can also make HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis more deadly. However, some pharmaceutical companies have committed to donating all the drug therapies required, and mass drug administration (for example mass deworming) has been successfully accomplished in several countries.Seventeen neglected tropical diseases are prioritized by WHO. These diseases are common in 149 countries, affecting more than 1.4 billion people (including more than 500 million children) and costing developing economies billions of dollars every year. They resulted in 142,000 deaths in 2013 –down from 204,000 deaths in 1990. Of these 17, two are targeted for eradication (dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) by 2015 and yaws by 2020) and four for elimination (blinding trachoma, human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy and lymphatic filariasis by 2020).