Preface Pandemic
... At this time of May 2006, avian influenza is primarily an animal disease. Human infections are generally limited to individuals who come into direct contact with infected birds. If the virus develops the capacity for sustained, efficient, human-to-human transmission it could spread quickly around th ...
... At this time of May 2006, avian influenza is primarily an animal disease. Human infections are generally limited to individuals who come into direct contact with infected birds. If the virus develops the capacity for sustained, efficient, human-to-human transmission it could spread quickly around th ...
Foot-and-mouth disease virus causes transplacental infection and death in foetal lambs
... variable and is influenced by the stage of gestation and whether the foetus is a singleton, twin or triplet (Wintour et al., 1986). We estimated the average volume per foetus in this study at day 45 to be 200-300 ml and at 75 days to be 500-700 ml. Thus if an infected foetus and associated fluids we ...
... variable and is influenced by the stage of gestation and whether the foetus is a singleton, twin or triplet (Wintour et al., 1986). We estimated the average volume per foetus in this study at day 45 to be 200-300 ml and at 75 days to be 500-700 ml. Thus if an infected foetus and associated fluids we ...
9d49$$se32 Black separation - Institute of Tropical Medicine
... of the occupational hazard associated with forest or city work is also difficult because we do not know how long people remain antibody positive after infection with EBO virus. However, at least some of the 1967 Marburg virus – infected patients had demonstrable low-titered antibodies against some o ...
... of the occupational hazard associated with forest or city work is also difficult because we do not know how long people remain antibody positive after infection with EBO virus. However, at least some of the 1967 Marburg virus – infected patients had demonstrable low-titered antibodies against some o ...
Transgenic shRNA pigs reduce susceptibility to foot and mouth
... Vaccines that protect against foot-and-mouth disease are available and are often used to help prevent the spread of the disease. However, once an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease begins it may be too late for vaccines to stop its spread. This is because the vaccines can take about a week to provid ...
... Vaccines that protect against foot-and-mouth disease are available and are often used to help prevent the spread of the disease. However, once an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease begins it may be too late for vaccines to stop its spread. This is because the vaccines can take about a week to provid ...
Poliomyelitis
... Transmission is primarily person-to-person spread, principally through the fecal-oral route. Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressi ...
... Transmission is primarily person-to-person spread, principally through the fecal-oral route. Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressi ...
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease - The Center for Food Security and
... Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is endemic in Australia, New Zealand, Cuba, parts of Asia and Africa, and most of Europe. The viral subtypes circulating in each region can differ. As of 2016, RHDV2 has been found in a number of European countries and Australia. RHDV is not thought to be established in No ...
... Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is endemic in Australia, New Zealand, Cuba, parts of Asia and Africa, and most of Europe. The viral subtypes circulating in each region can differ. As of 2016, RHDV2 has been found in a number of European countries and Australia. RHDV is not thought to be established in No ...
CDC-and-friends-going-for-the-Polio
... All six specimens were positive for antibodies to all three types of poliomyelitis, providing additional confirmation of the validity of the findings.”3 Any thinking person would have to wonder what changed to make the natives and the non-natives become paralyzed from an otherwise completely innocen ...
... All six specimens were positive for antibodies to all three types of poliomyelitis, providing additional confirmation of the validity of the findings.”3 Any thinking person would have to wonder what changed to make the natives and the non-natives become paralyzed from an otherwise completely innocen ...
Investigating the Immune System
... • Understand that one of the main jobs of the immune system is to fight off infectious diseases. • Explain that pathogens are viruses, bacteria, or other organisms that cause disease. • Define disease transmission as the means by which a disease is contracted or “spreads”. • Cite examples of ways di ...
... • Understand that one of the main jobs of the immune system is to fight off infectious diseases. • Explain that pathogens are viruses, bacteria, or other organisms that cause disease. • Define disease transmission as the means by which a disease is contracted or “spreads”. • Cite examples of ways di ...
Number of people infected
... same and each is calculated by the fact that the infected person, A, exchanges fluids with a susceptible person, B, which causes 1 new infected person. At the end of exchange #1, the greatest number infected is 1 + 1 = 2. After Exchange #2: Possible number of people infected: 4 Greatest Possible Num ...
... same and each is calculated by the fact that the infected person, A, exchanges fluids with a susceptible person, B, which causes 1 new infected person. At the end of exchange #1, the greatest number infected is 1 + 1 = 2. After Exchange #2: Possible number of people infected: 4 Greatest Possible Num ...
Slide 1
... HBV DNA present in episomal form Viral HBsAg & HBcAg + MHC class I molecules activation of CD8+ T cells (+) hepatocyte destruction 2. Integrative phase For hepatocytes not destroyed by immune system viral DNA incorporated into host genome ...
... HBV DNA present in episomal form Viral HBsAg & HBcAg + MHC class I molecules activation of CD8+ T cells (+) hepatocyte destruction 2. Integrative phase For hepatocytes not destroyed by immune system viral DNA incorporated into host genome ...
Viral infections acquired indoors through airborne, droplet or contact
... of pathogens and therefore pose a considerable risk for the transmission of the virus, with potentially fatal consequences for hospitalized patients [14-16]. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Blachere and coworkers measured the amount and size of airborne particles containing influenza viru ...
... of pathogens and therefore pose a considerable risk for the transmission of the virus, with potentially fatal consequences for hospitalized patients [14-16]. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Blachere and coworkers measured the amount and size of airborne particles containing influenza viru ...
Communicable Disease Information
... All staff and students need to maintain strict adherence to body fluid exposure precautions. Report all body fluid contacts with broken skin, mucous membranes (in the nose, mouth or eyes) or through puncture wounds (such as human bites and needle stick injuries) to your school’s health specialist (s ...
... All staff and students need to maintain strict adherence to body fluid exposure precautions. Report all body fluid contacts with broken skin, mucous membranes (in the nose, mouth or eyes) or through puncture wounds (such as human bites and needle stick injuries) to your school’s health specialist (s ...
Frequently Asked Questions
... Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever 1. What is Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever? Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and non-human primates. 2. How do you get Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever? Marburg hemorrhagic fever can be transmitted from animal to person ...
... Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever 1. What is Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever? Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and non-human primates. 2. How do you get Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever? Marburg hemorrhagic fever can be transmitted from animal to person ...
Feline Parvovirus (FPV)
... The virus passes quickly through the cat and most cats will only shed FPV in their faeces for a couple of days, although shedding can occur for up to six weeks. However, the infection can be passed directly from cat to cat, particularly in environments where lots of cats are in direct contact with ...
... The virus passes quickly through the cat and most cats will only shed FPV in their faeces for a couple of days, although shedding can occur for up to six weeks. However, the infection can be passed directly from cat to cat, particularly in environments where lots of cats are in direct contact with ...
ไม่มีชื่อเรื่องภาพนิ่ง
... • Either healthy and sick cats with disease other than FIP have FCoV antibodies • Effusive FIP cats have low titers or negative.. Ab bind to lots of viral Ag in effusion not many left to bind with Ag in the test • The presence of FCoV antibodies alone is NOT diagnostic of FIP, if the other parameter ...
... • Either healthy and sick cats with disease other than FIP have FCoV antibodies • Effusive FIP cats have low titers or negative.. Ab bind to lots of viral Ag in effusion not many left to bind with Ag in the test • The presence of FCoV antibodies alone is NOT diagnostic of FIP, if the other parameter ...
Human viruses: discovery and emergence Research Mark Woolhouse
... the host– pathogen interaction, especially whether it is possible for the virus to access tissues from which it can exit the host, such as the upper respiratory tract, lower gut, urogenital tract, skin or (for some transmission routes) blood. Level 4 represents the subset of viruses that are suffici ...
... the host– pathogen interaction, especially whether it is possible for the virus to access tissues from which it can exit the host, such as the upper respiratory tract, lower gut, urogenital tract, skin or (for some transmission routes) blood. Level 4 represents the subset of viruses that are suffici ...
History of development of inflammatory diseases of the nervous
... in the history of medicine, was in Brazil in 1974 before a vaccine was used. The World Health Organization annually records at least 500 000 new cases of meningococcal disease, resulting in more than 50 000 deaths annually 20. Haemophilus influenzae was described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer, during ...
... in the history of medicine, was in Brazil in 1974 before a vaccine was used. The World Health Organization annually records at least 500 000 new cases of meningococcal disease, resulting in more than 50 000 deaths annually 20. Haemophilus influenzae was described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer, during ...
detection of variant strains of infectious bursal disease virus in
... Infectious bursal disease conditions were observed in 15 commercial and 9 backyard broiler flocks in central area of Saudi Arabia during 2007-2008. The age of birds ranged from 2 to 8 weeks. The size of commercial flocks ranged from 5000 to 15000 birds and these flocks were vaccinated with classical ...
... Infectious bursal disease conditions were observed in 15 commercial and 9 backyard broiler flocks in central area of Saudi Arabia during 2007-2008. The age of birds ranged from 2 to 8 weeks. The size of commercial flocks ranged from 5000 to 15000 birds and these flocks were vaccinated with classical ...
USMLE Step 1 Web Prep — Medically Important Viruses, Part 3
... intranuclear inclusion bodies with smaller eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies Dangerous in HIV+ patients Treat with gangcyclovir ...
... intranuclear inclusion bodies with smaller eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies Dangerous in HIV+ patients Treat with gangcyclovir ...
Biosafety Level 2 - University of Guelph Physics
... and clinical procedures. Containment Level 1 (CL1) This level applies to the basic laboratory handling agents requiring containment level 1. CL1 requires no special design features beyond those suitable for a well-designed and functional laboratory. Biological safety cabinets are not required. Work ...
... and clinical procedures. Containment Level 1 (CL1) This level applies to the basic laboratory handling agents requiring containment level 1. CL1 requires no special design features beyond those suitable for a well-designed and functional laboratory. Biological safety cabinets are not required. Work ...
Construction and in vivo infection of a new simian
... similar to that of NM-3rN, except that there was a slight delay in the initial rise in RT activity, indicating that SHIVrt/ 3rn could replicate well in this human CD4+ cell line with almost the same replication competence as NM-3rN. In HSC-F cells, the replication of SHIVrt/3rn was delayed compared ...
... similar to that of NM-3rN, except that there was a slight delay in the initial rise in RT activity, indicating that SHIVrt/ 3rn could replicate well in this human CD4+ cell line with almost the same replication competence as NM-3rN. In HSC-F cells, the replication of SHIVrt/3rn was delayed compared ...
Fact Sheet
... the avian influenza virus has not been shown to definitely spread from person to person, it is very unlikely that anyone entering Australia with the disease will pass it on. But people who have arrived from overseas or travelled to countries where there are reports of avian influenza in birds or peo ...
... the avian influenza virus has not been shown to definitely spread from person to person, it is very unlikely that anyone entering Australia with the disease will pass it on. But people who have arrived from overseas or travelled to countries where there are reports of avian influenza in birds or peo ...
Common Childhood Infections - Thunder Bay District Health Unit
... their pre-school and school years. Staff can help limit the spread and the resulting illness by following these guidelines: • Encourage children and students to practice consistent proper hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette (e.g. covering coughs and sneezes with a sleeve). • Recognize significant ...
... their pre-school and school years. Staff can help limit the spread and the resulting illness by following these guidelines: • Encourage children and students to practice consistent proper hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette (e.g. covering coughs and sneezes with a sleeve). • Recognize significant ...
Chapter 9: Management of specific infectious diseases
... This section is intended as a brief guide to common infectious diseases in childhood. It is not intended as a diagnostic guide or as a substitute for consulting a doctor. Further information on the individual diseases is available on the HPSC website (www.hpsc.ie) and a more specific weblink is prov ...
... This section is intended as a brief guide to common infectious diseases in childhood. It is not intended as a diagnostic guide or as a substitute for consulting a doctor. Further information on the individual diseases is available on the HPSC website (www.hpsc.ie) and a more specific weblink is prov ...
062796 The Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Viral
... research program designed to monitor the safety of the nation’s blood supply through epidemiologic studies of the incidence of retroviruses and other infectious agents among volunteer blood donors.12-14 The study is conducted at five blood centers in different parts of the United States: the Irwin Me ...
... research program designed to monitor the safety of the nation’s blood supply through epidemiologic studies of the incidence of retroviruses and other infectious agents among volunteer blood donors.12-14 The study is conducted at five blood centers in different parts of the United States: the Irwin Me ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}