Rubella (German Measles)
... Rubella is an increasingly rare infection in the United States because of childhood immunization against the disease. Although more than half of all countries now use rubella vaccine, rubella still remains a common disease in many parts of the world. Adults make up the greatest percentage of reporte ...
... Rubella is an increasingly rare infection in the United States because of childhood immunization against the disease. Although more than half of all countries now use rubella vaccine, rubella still remains a common disease in many parts of the world. Adults make up the greatest percentage of reporte ...
Central nervous system infections
... and other bats, and transmission to humans follows a bite or salivary contamination of other types of skin abrasions or wounds. The infection is eventually fatal, although the course of the disease varies considerably between species. If an apparently healthy dog is still healthy 10 days after b ...
... and other bats, and transmission to humans follows a bite or salivary contamination of other types of skin abrasions or wounds. The infection is eventually fatal, although the course of the disease varies considerably between species. If an apparently healthy dog is still healthy 10 days after b ...
Experimental study on histopathological changes and tissue tropism
... study was to characterise the histopathological lesions and tissue tropism of Iranian isolate IR/773/2001(793/B) of avian infectious bronchitis virus in different organs of experimentally infected SPF chickens. Forty-two one-day-old, specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were divided randomly into two ...
... study was to characterise the histopathological lesions and tissue tropism of Iranian isolate IR/773/2001(793/B) of avian infectious bronchitis virus in different organs of experimentally infected SPF chickens. Forty-two one-day-old, specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were divided randomly into two ...
Zika Virus, a New Threat for Europe?
... albopictus is known to have been present since 1979 [12]. We demonstrated that ZIKV was amplified and expectorated efficiently in saliva by European Ae. aegypti from Madeira. This contrasts with the lower vector competence for ZIKV of French Ae. albopictus. Taking these ...
... albopictus is known to have been present since 1979 [12]. We demonstrated that ZIKV was amplified and expectorated efficiently in saliva by European Ae. aegypti from Madeira. This contrasts with the lower vector competence for ZIKV of French Ae. albopictus. Taking these ...
Modeling spatial spread of communicable diseases
... immunity to only that serotype for life, so persons living in a dengue-endemic area can have more than one dengue infection during their lifetime. DF and DHF are primarily diseases of tropical and sub-tropical areas, and the four different dengue serotypes are maintained in a cycle that involves hum ...
... immunity to only that serotype for life, so persons living in a dengue-endemic area can have more than one dengue infection during their lifetime. DF and DHF are primarily diseases of tropical and sub-tropical areas, and the four different dengue serotypes are maintained in a cycle that involves hum ...
Slide 1
... Maintain surveillance of case-patient locations and progression of disease for early outbreak detection Identify areas ideal for mosquito breeding and apply preventive measures Predict which populations are vulnerable to infection based on proximity to breeding grounds Simulate how an epidemic could ...
... Maintain surveillance of case-patient locations and progression of disease for early outbreak detection Identify areas ideal for mosquito breeding and apply preventive measures Predict which populations are vulnerable to infection based on proximity to breeding grounds Simulate how an epidemic could ...
Shingles (Herpes Zoster)
... Shingles is a painful localized skin rash often with blisters that is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop shingles because VZV remains in the nerve cells of the body after the chickenpox infection clears and VZV ...
... Shingles is a painful localized skin rash often with blisters that is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. Anyone who has had chickenpox can develop shingles because VZV remains in the nerve cells of the body after the chickenpox infection clears and VZV ...
international working group on the standardisation of
... Dr Michael Chudy, (PEI, Germany) reported that since the implementation of HCV NAT screening in Germany, there has been one reported case of HCV transmission. This occurred via red cells, with the donor sample being non-reactive using the COBAS Ampliscreen assay in a pool of 24. This donation contai ...
... Dr Michael Chudy, (PEI, Germany) reported that since the implementation of HCV NAT screening in Germany, there has been one reported case of HCV transmission. This occurred via red cells, with the donor sample being non-reactive using the COBAS Ampliscreen assay in a pool of 24. This donation contai ...
PANDEMIC INFLUENZA H1N1 (Swine Flu)
... Flu viruses are transmitted in three ways - droplet, airborne, and contact - although it is not known to what extent that influenza is spread by each route. Infected individuals spread droplets through coughing and sneezing and even talking. Flu viruses are also spread through the air by much smalle ...
... Flu viruses are transmitted in three ways - droplet, airborne, and contact - although it is not known to what extent that influenza is spread by each route. Infected individuals spread droplets through coughing and sneezing and even talking. Flu viruses are also spread through the air by much smalle ...
HIV AIDS backgrounder
... Once AIDS manifests, a person is susceptible to many different infections, because the immune system has been weakened so much by the HIV it can no longer fight back effectively. HIV has also shown the ability to mutate, which makes treating the virus nearly impossible. The last feature in this list ...
... Once AIDS manifests, a person is susceptible to many different infections, because the immune system has been weakened so much by the HIV it can no longer fight back effectively. HIV has also shown the ability to mutate, which makes treating the virus nearly impossible. The last feature in this list ...
Viruses - World Health Organization
... epidemiological investigation identified the cause as pharyngoconjunctival fever associated with infection with adenovirus type 3. Approximately 700 persons swam every day in a one-acre man-made pond into which well water was continuously pumped. The attack rate for campers who swam daily (48%) did ...
... epidemiological investigation identified the cause as pharyngoconjunctival fever associated with infection with adenovirus type 3. Approximately 700 persons swam every day in a one-acre man-made pond into which well water was continuously pumped. The attack rate for campers who swam daily (48%) did ...
Monocyte Activation by Interferon α Is Associated With Failure to
... From: Monocyte Activation by Interferon α Is Associated With Failure to Achieve a Sustained Virologic Response After Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection J Infect Dis. 2013;209(10):1602-1612. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit801 J Infect Dis | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on be ...
... From: Monocyte Activation by Interferon α Is Associated With Failure to Achieve a Sustained Virologic Response After Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection J Infect Dis. 2013;209(10):1602-1612. doi:10.1093/infdis/jit801 J Infect Dis | © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on be ...
INFECTIOUS PANCREATIC NECROSIS (IPN) OF SALMONID FISHES
... measuring about 60 nm in diameter and containing three or four structural proteins and two segments of double-stranded RNA. These characteristics suggest that IPN and lPN-like viruses represent a new taxonomic group of RNA viruses--for which the designation birnaviruses has been proposed. Infectivit ...
... measuring about 60 nm in diameter and containing three or four structural proteins and two segments of double-stranded RNA. These characteristics suggest that IPN and lPN-like viruses represent a new taxonomic group of RNA viruses--for which the designation birnaviruses has been proposed. Infectivit ...
The Substantia Nigra is a Major Target for Neurovirulent Influenza A
... Clinical and immunohistochemical studies were done for 3-39 d on mice after intracerebral inoculation with the neurovirulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1; WSN) strain of influenza A virus, the nonneurovirulent A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2; Aichi) strain, and two reassortant viruses between them. The virus strains with the ...
... Clinical and immunohistochemical studies were done for 3-39 d on mice after intracerebral inoculation with the neurovirulent A/WSN/33 (H1N1; WSN) strain of influenza A virus, the nonneurovirulent A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2; Aichi) strain, and two reassortant viruses between them. The virus strains with the ...
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
... Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include Sudden, high fever Severe headaches Pain behind the eyes Muscle pain Nausea Vomiting Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising) ...
... Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include Sudden, high fever Severe headaches Pain behind the eyes Muscle pain Nausea Vomiting Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising) ...
Immunity of Mice to Intranasal Infection after Intraperitoneal
... A week after the second intraperitoneal injection ten mice of each group were infected intranasally with 0.05 cc. of full strength culture virus; other groups of ten each received0.05 co. of culture diluted 1 : 10, 1 : 100, 1 : 1,000, and 1 : 10,000, respectively. Thus, mice vaccinated with a given ...
... A week after the second intraperitoneal injection ten mice of each group were infected intranasally with 0.05 cc. of full strength culture virus; other groups of ten each received0.05 co. of culture diluted 1 : 10, 1 : 100, 1 : 1,000, and 1 : 10,000, respectively. Thus, mice vaccinated with a given ...
2012 ANSWER KEY Disease Detectives Purdue University
... Conclusion: An odds ratio of 34.2 means that a student who ate a chicken salad sandwich at this high school cafeteria during the time period of the outbreak was 34.2 times more likely to become ill than a student who did not eat a chicken salad sandwich (3pts) 15. One important aspect of public heal ...
... Conclusion: An odds ratio of 34.2 means that a student who ate a chicken salad sandwich at this high school cafeteria during the time period of the outbreak was 34.2 times more likely to become ill than a student who did not eat a chicken salad sandwich (3pts) 15. One important aspect of public heal ...
Smallpox Overview
... to another. Smallpox also can be spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing. Rarely, smallpox has been spread by virus carried in the air in enclosed settings such as buildings, buses, and trains. Humans are the only natural hosts of ...
... to another. Smallpox also can be spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects such as bedding or clothing. Rarely, smallpox has been spread by virus carried in the air in enclosed settings such as buildings, buses, and trains. Humans are the only natural hosts of ...
THE GLOBAL THREAT OF EMERGENT/REEMERGENT VECTOR
... supported by data on the movement of WNV in migratory birds in the Old World (Malkinson et al., 2002). Moreover, the westward movement of WNV across the United States and Canada can best be explained by introduction via migratory birds that fly south to Central and South America in the fall and nort ...
... supported by data on the movement of WNV in migratory birds in the Old World (Malkinson et al., 2002). Moreover, the westward movement of WNV across the United States and Canada can best be explained by introduction via migratory birds that fly south to Central and South America in the fall and nort ...
I87 Infection, Haemorrhage and Death of Chick Embryos after
... large quantities for at least 6 days, but virus inoculated directly into the allantoic fluid declined in concentration. This suggests that the cells lining the allantoic cavity are either insusceptible, or are infected only with difficulty from the allantoic fluid side of the membrane. Since virus i ...
... large quantities for at least 6 days, but virus inoculated directly into the allantoic fluid declined in concentration. This suggests that the cells lining the allantoic cavity are either insusceptible, or are infected only with difficulty from the allantoic fluid side of the membrane. Since virus i ...
Skin and measles - JPAD - Journal of Pakistan association of
... First dose of measles vaccine is given at nine months of age while second dose with triple combination vaccine called MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) at fifteen months and booster dose at four to five years in developing countries. In developed countries two doses at fifteen to eighteen months and ...
... First dose of measles vaccine is given at nine months of age while second dose with triple combination vaccine called MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) at fifteen months and booster dose at four to five years in developing countries. In developed countries two doses at fifteen to eighteen months and ...
Measles and its cutaneous presentations
... First dose of measles vaccine is given at nine months of age while second dose with triple combination vaccine called MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) at fifteen months and booster dose at four to five years in developing countries. In developed countries two doses at fifteen to eighteen months and ...
... First dose of measles vaccine is given at nine months of age while second dose with triple combination vaccine called MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) at fifteen months and booster dose at four to five years in developing countries. In developed countries two doses at fifteen to eighteen months and ...
Paducah Public Schools - Harlan Independent Schools
... sudden onset of illness fever higher than 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 degrees C) chills cough headache sore throat stuffy nose muscle aches fatigue diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and/or exhaustion -- more commonly in children How can influenza spread? Influenza is thought ...
... sudden onset of illness fever higher than 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.8 degrees C) chills cough headache sore throat stuffy nose muscle aches fatigue diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and/or exhaustion -- more commonly in children How can influenza spread? Influenza is thought ...
PART I 2. “Prolonged Influenza by Mutation
... If successive mutations continue occurring with any other type of virus (avian or another of high pathogenicity), a flu virus, even more lethal, could be generated. For example, the avian flu virus could mutate or merge with the prolonged influenza virus, or the prolonged influenza by mutation virus ...
... If successive mutations continue occurring with any other type of virus (avian or another of high pathogenicity), a flu virus, even more lethal, could be generated. For example, the avian flu virus could mutate or merge with the prolonged influenza virus, or the prolonged influenza by mutation virus ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}