Pandemic Influenza Tabletop Exercise Participant`s Manual
... increased as more cases appeared in various areas of United States. Patient tracking in hospitals reveals that the virus is starting to be spread via human-to-human contact transmission between previously hospitalized patients and those who had close contact with these individuals. In fact, a signif ...
... increased as more cases appeared in various areas of United States. Patient tracking in hospitals reveals that the virus is starting to be spread via human-to-human contact transmission between previously hospitalized patients and those who had close contact with these individuals. In fact, a signif ...
Modelling the impact of co-circulating low pathogenic avian
... competition (Ojosnegros et al., 2012), it is anticipated that immunemediated competition for susceptible hosts will favour infection with LPAI viruses over HPAI viruses because of their comparatively low virulence, longer associated infectious periods, and consequently greater population-level trans ...
... competition (Ojosnegros et al., 2012), it is anticipated that immunemediated competition for susceptible hosts will favour infection with LPAI viruses over HPAI viruses because of their comparatively low virulence, longer associated infectious periods, and consequently greater population-level trans ...
SARS in Singapore – Key Lessons from an Epidemic
... staff and members of the public could be minimised. Secondly, the enforced use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for all hospital staff, together with the adoption of strict infection control measures. Regular audits by MOH teams supplemented by internal audits by hospitals themselves helped en ...
... staff and members of the public could be minimised. Secondly, the enforced use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for all hospital staff, together with the adoption of strict infection control measures. Regular audits by MOH teams supplemented by internal audits by hospitals themselves helped en ...
MEASLES
... 4. the age of peak incidence was 5~10yr 5. Individuals born before 1957 are considered ...
... 4. the age of peak incidence was 5~10yr 5. Individuals born before 1957 are considered ...
Smallpox Chapter (Pink Book)
... between the fifth and seventh days of illness, when only a few insignificant maculopapular cutaneous lesions are present. In patients who survive for 8–10 days the hemorrhages appear in the early eruptive period, and the rash is flat and does not progress beyond the vesicular stage. ...
... between the fifth and seventh days of illness, when only a few insignificant maculopapular cutaneous lesions are present. In patients who survive for 8–10 days the hemorrhages appear in the early eruptive period, and the rash is flat and does not progress beyond the vesicular stage. ...
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 402/2 - Library
... Épizooties1 , which provide guidelines and recommendations for reducing the risk of spreading specific pathogens considered relevant to international trade of aquatic animals. Since present international protocols are not always applicable to the disease concerns of aquatic food production and trade ...
... Épizooties1 , which provide guidelines and recommendations for reducing the risk of spreading specific pathogens considered relevant to international trade of aquatic animals. Since present international protocols are not always applicable to the disease concerns of aquatic food production and trade ...
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SMALLPOX CHAPTER 4 Contents
... varied greatly in accuracy . Those obtained from non-endemic countries with well-established health services, reporting small outbreaks due to importations, were probably the most accurate, although even here distortions sometimes occurred, owing to the suppression of reports (see Chapter 23) . The ...
... varied greatly in accuracy . Those obtained from non-endemic countries with well-established health services, reporting small outbreaks due to importations, were probably the most accurate, although even here distortions sometimes occurred, owing to the suppression of reports (see Chapter 23) . The ...
Hepatitis B Vaccine Virus Escape
... There are 2 HBV-specific proteins that can be detected directly in the serum of an infected patient. These are the HBsAg and the HBV e antigen (HBeAg). The HBsAg is a major viral protein inducing protective immune responses in humans. This antigen is found on the surface of the viral envelope and is ...
... There are 2 HBV-specific proteins that can be detected directly in the serum of an infected patient. These are the HBsAg and the HBV e antigen (HBeAg). The HBsAg is a major viral protein inducing protective immune responses in humans. This antigen is found on the surface of the viral envelope and is ...
A critical review of the effect of heat, pH and water activity on the
... HEV is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, 35 nm in diameter. The genome of approximately 7.2 Kb in length (Tam et al., 1991) is capped at the 5′ end and polyadenylated at the 3′ end. It contains short stretches of untranslated regions (UTR) at both ends. The HEV genom ...
... HEV is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus, 35 nm in diameter. The genome of approximately 7.2 Kb in length (Tam et al., 1991) is capped at the 5′ end and polyadenylated at the 3′ end. It contains short stretches of untranslated regions (UTR) at both ends. The HEV genom ...
PAHO/WHO Regional Research Agenda related to Zika
... are found throughout much of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya viruses (CHIKV).7 ZIKV infections have also been documented through intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a v ...
... are found throughout much of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya viruses (CHIKV).7 ZIKV infections have also been documented through intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a v ...
SpeckledMonsterTeacherGuidance
... knows how to fight the disease. She is immune to smallpox. Note that the disease has left her face scarred like Dr Jenner’s maid in the film. Oliver Norton (The Blacksmith): He was young and healthy and lucky. His body managed to fight off the illness. Ask the children what would happen if Oliver wa ...
... knows how to fight the disease. She is immune to smallpox. Note that the disease has left her face scarred like Dr Jenner’s maid in the film. Oliver Norton (The Blacksmith): He was young and healthy and lucky. His body managed to fight off the illness. Ask the children what would happen if Oliver wa ...
Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus: Rates, Routes
... illness (11, 17). Chronic infection with hepatitis C, be it symptomatic or not, leads to chronic liver disease (70 percent of cases), cirrhosis (20-30 percent of cases), or hepatocellular carcinoma after decades (20). In a case-control study of transfusion recipients with HCV who were followed for u ...
... illness (11, 17). Chronic infection with hepatitis C, be it symptomatic or not, leads to chronic liver disease (70 percent of cases), cirrhosis (20-30 percent of cases), or hepatocellular carcinoma after decades (20). In a case-control study of transfusion recipients with HCV who were followed for u ...
Chapter 2.2.3.
... 2.2.4. Target organs and infected tissue IHHNV infects and has been shown to replicate (using in situ hybridisation [ISH] with specific DNA probes) in tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin from the embryo. Thus, the principal target organs include: the gills, cuticular epithelium (or hypodermi ...
... 2.2.4. Target organs and infected tissue IHHNV infects and has been shown to replicate (using in situ hybridisation [ISH] with specific DNA probes) in tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin from the embryo. Thus, the principal target organs include: the gills, cuticular epithelium (or hypodermi ...
Characterization of outbreak response strategies and potential vaccine stockpile
... randomly. A discrete-event simulation model estimates the prevalence of primary immunodeficiency disease patients with long-term iVDPV infections, including any patients infected with OPV used for outbreak response after OPV cessation [7]. Potential poliovirus exportations occur whenever a threshold ...
... randomly. A discrete-event simulation model estimates the prevalence of primary immunodeficiency disease patients with long-term iVDPV infections, including any patients infected with OPV used for outbreak response after OPV cessation [7]. Potential poliovirus exportations occur whenever a threshold ...
Import risk analysis: Llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna
... The importation of alpacas and llamas is increasing each year, from around 50 animals several years ago to more than 550 during 2008 and 2009. This increase in the number of animals moving internationally is expected to continue, along with an increase in the number of countries from which alpacas a ...
... The importation of alpacas and llamas is increasing each year, from around 50 animals several years ago to more than 550 during 2008 and 2009. This increase in the number of animals moving internationally is expected to continue, along with an increase in the number of countries from which alpacas a ...
Pathogens Associated with Fishers
... than in male (49%) fishers (P = 0.054), but exposures to other pathogens did not vary significantly between males and females. All three fishers that were PCRpositive for A. phagocytophilum were female, but we found no significant differences between genders (P = 0.08). Exposures to CPV varied with ...
... than in male (49%) fishers (P = 0.054), but exposures to other pathogens did not vary significantly between males and females. All three fishers that were PCRpositive for A. phagocytophilum were female, but we found no significant differences between genders (P = 0.08). Exposures to CPV varied with ...
ANALYSIS ON WHOLE BLOOD, SGOT, SGPT, AND TNF
... 1–3 times more than normal is caused by pancreatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis Laennec, and biliary cirrhosis. SGPT is more specific for liver damage. SGPT is an enzyme produced in the liver cells (hepatocytes), so it is more specific for liver disease compared with other enzymes. SGPT increase usuall ...
... 1–3 times more than normal is caused by pancreatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis Laennec, and biliary cirrhosis. SGPT is more specific for liver damage. SGPT is an enzyme produced in the liver cells (hepatocytes), so it is more specific for liver disease compared with other enzymes. SGPT increase usuall ...
Quantumdotsbased fluoroimmunoassay for the rapid and sensitive
... Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are agents for fatal poultry diseases. H5N1, a subtype of AIV, is of particular concern to people because of its ability to infect humans and the potential for person-toperson transmission. In 1997, 18 people were infected by H5N1 in Hong Kong and six died. (1) The recu ...
... Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are agents for fatal poultry diseases. H5N1, a subtype of AIV, is of particular concern to people because of its ability to infect humans and the potential for person-toperson transmission. In 1997, 18 people were infected by H5N1 in Hong Kong and six died. (1) The recu ...
Quantification of the effect of control strategies on classical swine
... animals within the herd. The infection process stops when infection within the herd is detected, as detection is immediately followed by culling of the herd. Although virus entry into a herd can result in a minor outbreak, only major outbreaks within herds are modelled since these are the most impor ...
... animals within the herd. The infection process stops when infection within the herd is detected, as detection is immediately followed by culling of the herd. Although virus entry into a herd can result in a minor outbreak, only major outbreaks within herds are modelled since these are the most impor ...
Tonsillitis - Texasent.net
... Viral or bacterial infections and immunologic factors lead to tonsillitis and its complications. Nearly all children in the United States experience at least one episode of tonsillitis. Because of improvements in medical and surgical treatments, complications associated with tonsillitis, including m ...
... Viral or bacterial infections and immunologic factors lead to tonsillitis and its complications. Nearly all children in the United States experience at least one episode of tonsillitis. Because of improvements in medical and surgical treatments, complications associated with tonsillitis, including m ...
Measles Virus Infection: Mechanisms of Immune Suppression
... for around 2 weeks usually without causing any complications (Griffin, 2006). Amplification of virus in regional lymph nodes results in viremia and spread of virus through the blood to infect a variety of organs including the skin, conjunctivae, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory muco ...
... for around 2 weeks usually without causing any complications (Griffin, 2006). Amplification of virus in regional lymph nodes results in viremia and spread of virus through the blood to infect a variety of organs including the skin, conjunctivae, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory muco ...
Additional Precautions in the Bereavement Care Setting
... (e.g. dust, soil) and organic material (e.g. blood, secretions, excretions, microorganisms) with the use of water, detergents, and mechanical action. Cleaning physically removes rather than kills microorganisms. Communicable Disease: A disease that is able to be passed on. Contact Precautions: Preca ...
... (e.g. dust, soil) and organic material (e.g. blood, secretions, excretions, microorganisms) with the use of water, detergents, and mechanical action. Cleaning physically removes rather than kills microorganisms. Communicable Disease: A disease that is able to be passed on. Contact Precautions: Preca ...
additional precautions in the bereavement care setting
... (e.g. dust, soil) and organic material (e.g. blood, secretions, excretions, microorganisms) with the use of water, detergents, and mechanical action. Cleaning physically removes rather than kills microorganisms. Communicable Disease: A disease that is able to be passed on. Contact Precautions: Preca ...
... (e.g. dust, soil) and organic material (e.g. blood, secretions, excretions, microorganisms) with the use of water, detergents, and mechanical action. Cleaning physically removes rather than kills microorganisms. Communicable Disease: A disease that is able to be passed on. Contact Precautions: Preca ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... 3.4.1 Further adaptation of qa-mall/178 (H2N2) in chickens leads to a virus with expanded tissue tropism.......................................................................................55 3.4.2 Sequence analysis of ch-qa/178..................................................................56 3 ...
... 3.4.1 Further adaptation of qa-mall/178 (H2N2) in chickens leads to a virus with expanded tissue tropism.......................................................................................55 3.4.2 Sequence analysis of ch-qa/178..................................................................56 3 ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}