Carla G. García, Rafia Bhore, Alejandra Soriano-Fallas, Margaret Trost, Rebecca RSV
... children in the United States.1 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in this age group and accounts for 50% to 80% of cases.1–3 Between 1980 and 2003, and for reasons that are not completely understood, there was an increase in both hospitalization rates and ou ...
... children in the United States.1 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in this age group and accounts for 50% to 80% of cases.1–3 Between 1980 and 2003, and for reasons that are not completely understood, there was an increase in both hospitalization rates and ou ...
Australian Influenza Surveillance Report No.03, 2013
... This fortnight there was an almost 50% increase in the number of notifications reported to the NNDSS compared with the previous fortnight. Nationally, whilst influenza A remains the predominant influenza virus type (57%), the proportion of influenza B notifications continues to increase. During th ...
... This fortnight there was an almost 50% increase in the number of notifications reported to the NNDSS compared with the previous fortnight. Nationally, whilst influenza A remains the predominant influenza virus type (57%), the proportion of influenza B notifications continues to increase. During th ...
10. Prevention and control of rabies in wild animals
... spread of the disease from one pack to another. Once a pack member is infected, the disease can decimate the pack because of its highly social nature, with regular contact among the animals. The genetic make-up of rabies virus isolated from wolves is identical to those found in more abundant carnivo ...
... spread of the disease from one pack to another. Once a pack member is infected, the disease can decimate the pack because of its highly social nature, with regular contact among the animals. The genetic make-up of rabies virus isolated from wolves is identical to those found in more abundant carnivo ...
influenza surveillance in russia based on epidemiological and
... Exchange of information on and sharing of influenza viruses through the GISRS network has great significance for understanding influenza virus evolution, recognition of a new pandemic virus emergence and for preparing annual WHO recommendations on influenza vaccine strain composition. Influenza surv ...
... Exchange of information on and sharing of influenza viruses through the GISRS network has great significance for understanding influenza virus evolution, recognition of a new pandemic virus emergence and for preparing annual WHO recommendations on influenza vaccine strain composition. Influenza surv ...
Public Health Guidelines on the Prevention and Care Facilities in Ireland 2013/2014
... obtained. Seasonal influenza vaccine can be given until the end of April 3 and this may be extended in the event of an influenza outbreak. . The pneumococcal vaccination status of all residents including new admissions as above should also be routinely recorded. The influenza vaccination status of a ...
... obtained. Seasonal influenza vaccine can be given until the end of April 3 and this may be extended in the event of an influenza outbreak. . The pneumococcal vaccination status of all residents including new admissions as above should also be routinely recorded. The influenza vaccination status of a ...
Are we facing new health challenges and diseases in
... herding was challenged by severe infectious diseases, killing hundreds and thousands of animals, and having huge economic and social impact on reindeer herding in Fennoscandia. The general zoo-sanitary situation in Fennoscandia is very favourable for the time being, but reindeer herding is sometimes ...
... herding was challenged by severe infectious diseases, killing hundreds and thousands of animals, and having huge economic and social impact on reindeer herding in Fennoscandia. The general zoo-sanitary situation in Fennoscandia is very favourable for the time being, but reindeer herding is sometimes ...
Ringworm - Sunrise School Division
... Ringworm is a contagious fungus infection that can affect the scalp, the body, the feet (athlete's foot), or the nails. People can get Ringworm from: 1) direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or pet, 2) indirect contact with an object or surface that an infected person or pet has touche ...
... Ringworm is a contagious fungus infection that can affect the scalp, the body, the feet (athlete's foot), or the nails. People can get Ringworm from: 1) direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person or pet, 2) indirect contact with an object or surface that an infected person or pet has touche ...
SARS - MECTA
... skin of other people or objects that are contaminated with infectious droplets and then touching your eye(s), nose, or mouth. This can happen when someone who is sick with SARS coughs or sneezes droplets onto themselves, other people, or nearby surfaces. It also is possible that SARS can be spread m ...
... skin of other people or objects that are contaminated with infectious droplets and then touching your eye(s), nose, or mouth. This can happen when someone who is sick with SARS coughs or sneezes droplets onto themselves, other people, or nearby surfaces. It also is possible that SARS can be spread m ...
australian influenza surveillance report
... activity. Nationally, influenza activity has continued to remain relatively stable, suggesting that the influenza season has not yet commenced. As at 21 June 2013, there have been 4,422 laboratory confirmed cases of influenza reported. Currently the NNDSS is receiving around 200 notifications per ...
... activity. Nationally, influenza activity has continued to remain relatively stable, suggesting that the influenza season has not yet commenced. As at 21 June 2013, there have been 4,422 laboratory confirmed cases of influenza reported. Currently the NNDSS is receiving around 200 notifications per ...
Biosafety Program - University of Regina
... Hazard is any activity, situation, or substance that can cause illness or injury. Infectious agent/material/organism refers to a substance or biological entity that may cause disease or illness upon exposure. Local Safety Committee (LSC) is a committee in the Faculties and/or Departments that have b ...
... Hazard is any activity, situation, or substance that can cause illness or injury. Infectious agent/material/organism refers to a substance or biological entity that may cause disease or illness upon exposure. Local Safety Committee (LSC) is a committee in the Faculties and/or Departments that have b ...
Contact tracing to control infectious disease: when enough is
... homogeneous mixing, and employed a highly stylized representation of the contact tracing process (with contact tracing yielding new identified disease cases at a constant rate, as a function of disease prevalence). A number of studies have shown that analyses based on more realistic models of diseas ...
... homogeneous mixing, and employed a highly stylized representation of the contact tracing process (with contact tracing yielding new identified disease cases at a constant rate, as a function of disease prevalence). A number of studies have shown that analyses based on more realistic models of diseas ...
Diseases of antelope - Ministry for Primary Industries
... The viruses that cause the OIE List A diseases foot and mouth disease, rinderpest, Rift Valley fever, lumpy skin disease, bluetongue and vesicular stomatitis can infect antelope. It is concluded that the introduction of any of these diseases is extremely unlikely, as the methods used to safeguard ag ...
... The viruses that cause the OIE List A diseases foot and mouth disease, rinderpest, Rift Valley fever, lumpy skin disease, bluetongue and vesicular stomatitis can infect antelope. It is concluded that the introduction of any of these diseases is extremely unlikely, as the methods used to safeguard ag ...
Pandemic Influenza - Facilitator`s Manual
... increased as more cases appeared in various areas of United States. Patient tracking in hospitals reveals that the virus is starting to be spread via human-to-human contact transmission between previously hospitalized patients and those who had close contact with these individuals. In fact, a signif ...
... increased as more cases appeared in various areas of United States. Patient tracking in hospitals reveals that the virus is starting to be spread via human-to-human contact transmission between previously hospitalized patients and those who had close contact with these individuals. In fact, a signif ...
- LSHTM Research Online
... in humans. For this analysis, IID cases who were infected with genogroup II noroviruses were classified as a case of norovirus-associated IID if they had a faecal norovirus viral load, measured by semiquantitative real-time RT–PCR, above age-specific viral load cut-offs as defined in a previous study [1 ...
... in humans. For this analysis, IID cases who were infected with genogroup II noroviruses were classified as a case of norovirus-associated IID if they had a faecal norovirus viral load, measured by semiquantitative real-time RT–PCR, above age-specific viral load cut-offs as defined in a previous study [1 ...
Public Health Guidelines on the Prevention and Management of
... obtained. Seasonal influenza vaccine can be given until the end of April 3 and this may be extended in the event of an influenza outbreak. . The pneumococcal vaccination status of all residents including new admissions as above should also be routinely recorded. The influenza vaccination status of a ...
... obtained. Seasonal influenza vaccine can be given until the end of April 3 and this may be extended in the event of an influenza outbreak. . The pneumococcal vaccination status of all residents including new admissions as above should also be routinely recorded. The influenza vaccination status of a ...
Surveillance of low pathogenic avian influenza in layer chickens
... containing the H5 or H7 subtypes are notifiable to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) [5]. This is because these virus subtypes are able to mutate to HPAIv, which cause large and severe consequences (industry and public health) for affected countries [6-9]. Therefore, it is important to d ...
... containing the H5 or H7 subtypes are notifiable to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) [5]. This is because these virus subtypes are able to mutate to HPAIv, which cause large and severe consequences (industry and public health) for affected countries [6-9]. Therefore, it is important to d ...
Norovirus GII.4 Detection in Environmental Samples from Patient Rooms during Nosocomial Outbreaks
... noncultivable, genomically diverse, and single-stranded positivesense RNA viruses with an approximately 7.5-kb genome are highly infectious and remarkably robust in different environmental settings (4–6). On ingestion, NoV passes through the gastric juices, multiplies in the small intestine, and is ...
... noncultivable, genomically diverse, and single-stranded positivesense RNA viruses with an approximately 7.5-kb genome are highly infectious and remarkably robust in different environmental settings (4–6). On ingestion, NoV passes through the gastric juices, multiplies in the small intestine, and is ...
INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS: IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
... To control the disease, live and inactivated oil emulsion vaccines have been used. Live vaccines have been attenuated by serial passages in chicken embryos (7, 10, 14). However, live IBV vaccines have the potential to cause moderate to severe disease in susceptible chickens under certain circumstanc ...
... To control the disease, live and inactivated oil emulsion vaccines have been used. Live vaccines have been attenuated by serial passages in chicken embryos (7, 10, 14). However, live IBV vaccines have the potential to cause moderate to severe disease in susceptible chickens under certain circumstanc ...
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Chronic Disease
... from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted during 1988–1994, have indicated that an estimated 3.9 million (1.8%) Americans have been infected with HCV (3 ). Most of these persons are chronically infected and might not be aware of their infection because t ...
... from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted during 1988–1994, have indicated that an estimated 3.9 million (1.8%) Americans have been infected with HCV (3 ). Most of these persons are chronically infected and might not be aware of their infection because t ...
Epidemiology and Public Health Significance of Rabies
... may roam over long distances. The furious form is observed more often in cats than in dogs. Foxes rarely exhibit this form of the disease 2. The paralytic (dumb) stage of rabies is characterized by progressive paralysis. In this form, the throat and masseter muscles become paralyzed; the animal may ...
... may roam over long distances. The furious form is observed more often in cats than in dogs. Foxes rarely exhibit this form of the disease 2. The paralytic (dumb) stage of rabies is characterized by progressive paralysis. In this form, the throat and masseter muscles become paralyzed; the animal may ...
What is HCV?
... Annual age-adjusted mortality rates from hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus and HIV infections listed as causes of death in the United States between 1999 and 2007. Because a decedent can have multiple causes of death, a record listing more than 1 type of infection was counted for each type of infect ...
... Annual age-adjusted mortality rates from hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus and HIV infections listed as causes of death in the United States between 1999 and 2007. Because a decedent can have multiple causes of death, a record listing more than 1 type of infection was counted for each type of infect ...
chapter 1 - UTMB Health SHARED Home
... albopictus. Analysis of the effect of the mutations at E2-211 on CHIKV replication in cell culture and on CHIKV binding to the brush border membrane proteins of Ae.albopictus midgut cells, indicated that different residues at E2-211 might differentially affect the ability of CHIKV to interact with s ...
... albopictus. Analysis of the effect of the mutations at E2-211 on CHIKV replication in cell culture and on CHIKV binding to the brush border membrane proteins of Ae.albopictus midgut cells, indicated that different residues at E2-211 might differentially affect the ability of CHIKV to interact with s ...
Manual for the laboratory diagnosis of measles virus infection
... replication initially takes place in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells, followed by invasion of local lymph nodes. The disease spreads through blood monocytes to other organs such as spleen, thymus, lung, liver, kidney, conjunctivae and skin. Virus replication occurs in these tissues and measl ...
... replication initially takes place in tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells, followed by invasion of local lymph nodes. The disease spreads through blood monocytes to other organs such as spleen, thymus, lung, liver, kidney, conjunctivae and skin. Virus replication occurs in these tissues and measl ...
Tattooing and the risk of transmission of hepatitis C
... November 2008), and Pubmed. There was no language restriction in selecting the studies. The initial search strategy was developed from the MeSH subject headings ‘hepatitis’ and ‘tattoo’ in MEDLINE. Titles were reviewed for relevance from this search, and subject headings and abstracts were then exam ...
... November 2008), and Pubmed. There was no language restriction in selecting the studies. The initial search strategy was developed from the MeSH subject headings ‘hepatitis’ and ‘tattoo’ in MEDLINE. Titles were reviewed for relevance from this search, and subject headings and abstracts were then exam ...
Ebola virus disease
Ebola virus disease (EVD; also Ebola hemorrhagic fever, or EHF), or simply Ebola, is a disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.The virus spreads by direct contact with body fluids, such as blood, of an infected human or other animals. This may also occur through contact with an item recently contaminated with bodily fluids. Spread of the disease through the air between primates, including humans, has not been documented in either laboratory or natural conditions. Semen or breast milk of a person after recovery from EVD may still carry the virus for several weeks to months. Fruit bats are believed to be the normal carrier in nature, able to spread the virus without being affected by it. Other diseases such as malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers may resemble EVD. Blood samples are tested for viral RNA, viral antibodies or for the virus itself to confirm the diagnosis.Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, alongside a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those who have come into contact with infected individuals, quick access to laboratory services, proper healthcare for those who are infected, and proper disposal of the dead through cremation or burial. Samples of body fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans. This may be done by handling potentially infected bush meat only while wearing protective clothing and by thoroughly cooking it before eating it. It also includes wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands when around a person with the disease. No specific treatment or vaccine for the virus is available, although a number of potential treatments are being studied. Supportive efforts, however, improve outcomes. This includes either oral rehydration therapy (drinking slightly sweetened and salty water) or giving intravenous fluids as well as treating symptoms.The disease was first identified in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in Nzara, and the other in Yambuku, a village near the Ebola River from which the disease takes its name. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1976 and 2013, the World Health Organization reports a total of 24 outbreaks involving 1,716 cases. The largest outbreak is the ongoing epidemic in West Africa, still affecting Guinea and Sierra Leone. {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|casesasof}}, this outbreak has {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|cases}} reported cases resulting in {{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|deaths}} deaths.{{#section:Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa|caserefs}}