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High School Infectious Disease Virtual Field Trip
High School Infectious Disease Virtual Field Trip

... The cap represents measures such as bed nets or condoms, which prevent exposure to disease causing agents. Isolating yourself is the same as a quarantine, which is often used to isolate disease carrying individuals during an outbreak. 2. Immunity: Vaccines provide immunity for an individual against ...
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PARASITIC DISEASES

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Blood Born Pathogens Powerpoint

List the ways that diseases are transmitted from one person to another
List the ways that diseases are transmitted from one person to another

... and interact with a second student. After you have finished your second interaction, return to your seat. Estimate how many people you think will be infected. ________ 3. Your teacher will come around and put an “infection indicator” in your cup. If you have exchanged solutions with the original inf ...
Antibiotic selection in the management of the Diabetic Foot
Antibiotic selection in the management of the Diabetic Foot

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Onchocerciasis



Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness and Robles disease, is a disease caused by infection with the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. Symptoms include severe itching, bumps under the skin, and blindness. It is the second most common cause of blindness due to infection, after trachoma.The parasite worm is spread by the bites of a black fly of the Simulium type. Usually many bites are required before infection occurs. These flies live near rivers, hence the name of the disease. Once inside a person, the worms create larvae that make their way out to the skin. Here they can infect the next black fly that bites the person. There are a number of ways to make the diagnosis including: placing a biopsy of the skin in normal saline and watching for the larva to come out, looking in the eye for larvae, and looking within the bumps under the skin for adult worms.A vaccine against the disease does not exist. Prevention is by avoiding being bitten by flies. This may include the use of insect repellent and proper clothing. Other efforts include those to decrease the fly population by spraying insecticides. Efforts to eradicate the disease by treating entire groups of people twice a year is ongoing in a number of areas of the world. Treatment of those infected is with the medication ivermectin every six to twelve months. This treatment kills the larva but not the adult worms. The medication doxycycline, which kills an associated bacterium called Wolbachia, appears to weaken the worms and is recommended by some as well. Removal of the lumps under the skin by surgery may also be done.About 17 to 25 million people are infected with river blindness, with approximately 0.8 million having some amount of loss of vision. Most infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although cases have also been reported in Yemen and isolated areas of Central and South America. In 1915, the physician Rodolfo Robles first linked the worm to eye disease. It is listed by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease.
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