new desktop office for chemists
... chemical information databases, and generating chemical structures simply by typing in the compound name. In its latest ChemOffice 2001 incarnation, ChemDraw 6 has been additionally enhanced with new menu items for calculating the Water/Octanol partition coefficient (CLogP) and Molar Refractivity (C ...
... chemical information databases, and generating chemical structures simply by typing in the compound name. In its latest ChemOffice 2001 incarnation, ChemDraw 6 has been additionally enhanced with new menu items for calculating the Water/Octanol partition coefficient (CLogP) and Molar Refractivity (C ...
pps
... During the optimization from the lead compound to the clinical candidate, molecules are usually becoming larger and more lipophilic (binding pocket is filled better). Thus, following properties are desirable for lead-like compounds: ...
... During the optimization from the lead compound to the clinical candidate, molecules are usually becoming larger and more lipophilic (binding pocket is filled better). Thus, following properties are desirable for lead-like compounds: ...
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
... chemical compound that can take place in a chemical reaction. • Has the same chemical properties of that element or compound. • Some molecules consist of two atoms of the same element. • Ex. O2 • Other molecules consists of two or more atoms. • Ex. (H2O) ...
... chemical compound that can take place in a chemical reaction. • Has the same chemical properties of that element or compound. • Some molecules consist of two atoms of the same element. • Ex. O2 • Other molecules consists of two or more atoms. • Ex. (H2O) ...
microsponge as a novel stratergy of drug delivery system
... of porous microspheres. They are tiny sponge-like spherical particles with a large porous surface. Moreover, they may enhance stability, reduce side effects and modify drug release favorably. Microsponge technology has many favourable characteristics, which make it a versatile drug delivery vehicle. ...
... of porous microspheres. They are tiny sponge-like spherical particles with a large porous surface. Moreover, they may enhance stability, reduce side effects and modify drug release favorably. Microsponge technology has many favourable characteristics, which make it a versatile drug delivery vehicle. ...
Foundations in Microbiology - Houston Community College System
... regard to origin, range of effectiveness, and natural or chemically synthesized • The use of chemicals in therapy includes antimicrobial treatment ...
... regard to origin, range of effectiveness, and natural or chemically synthesized • The use of chemicals in therapy includes antimicrobial treatment ...
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS Uses of Drugs Not
... by mail, phone, or Internet (http://www.fda.gov/ medwatch). The law requires manufacturers to report all adverse experience reports they receive or are aware of (eg, published literature) to the FDA. Promising new uses for approved drugs might best be reported to the drug sponsor to encourage formal ...
... by mail, phone, or Internet (http://www.fda.gov/ medwatch). The law requires manufacturers to report all adverse experience reports they receive or are aware of (eg, published literature) to the FDA. Promising new uses for approved drugs might best be reported to the drug sponsor to encourage formal ...
Pharmacokinetics (Excretion of Drugs and factors affecting Excretion
... Since breast milk is more acidic than blood plasma, basic compounds may become slightly concentrated. Although excretion into hair and skin occurs in small quantities, it ...
... Since breast milk is more acidic than blood plasma, basic compounds may become slightly concentrated. Although excretion into hair and skin occurs in small quantities, it ...
Antipsychotics in the Pipeline
... interactions may still be widely taught in some medical schools, often appears in textbooks and is accepted by many in the medical community and by drug regulators.” Sansom LN & Evans AM. Drug Safety 1995;12:227-233. Rolan PE. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994;37:125-128. ...
... interactions may still be widely taught in some medical schools, often appears in textbooks and is accepted by many in the medical community and by drug regulators.” Sansom LN & Evans AM. Drug Safety 1995;12:227-233. Rolan PE. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994;37:125-128. ...
Introduction to Drugs and Pharmacy
... recognized as being safe and effective in the conditions recommended for its use among experts who are qualified by scientific training and experience. • A change in a previously approved drug product’s formulation or method of manufacture constitutes newness under the law • A combination of two or ...
... recognized as being safe and effective in the conditions recommended for its use among experts who are qualified by scientific training and experience. • A change in a previously approved drug product’s formulation or method of manufacture constitutes newness under the law • A combination of two or ...
3368 - Isomer Design
... United Nations: The substance is not listed on the Yellow List - List of Narcotic Drugs under International Control, the Green List - List of Psychotropic Substances under International Control, nor the Red List - List of Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcoti ...
... United Nations: The substance is not listed on the Yellow List - List of Narcotic Drugs under International Control, the Green List - List of Psychotropic Substances under International Control, nor the Red List - List of Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcoti ...
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
... - Many cells also contain membrane carriers which are specialized for expelling foreign molecules e.g. Pglycoprotein transporters or multi drug resistance type 1 (MDR1) which protect tissues from many drugs. Also multi drug resistance associated protein type 2 (MRP2) transporter has a role in excret ...
... - Many cells also contain membrane carriers which are specialized for expelling foreign molecules e.g. Pglycoprotein transporters or multi drug resistance type 1 (MDR1) which protect tissues from many drugs. Also multi drug resistance associated protein type 2 (MRP2) transporter has a role in excret ...
Organic Chemistry
... NOTE: A short review unit is recommended before the introduction of organic compounds. A summer reading assignment may be utilized. Suggested topics include; basic atomic structure and nomenclature, chemical formulas, chemical bonding and intermolecular bonding, chemical reactions, and molar convers ...
... NOTE: A short review unit is recommended before the introduction of organic compounds. A summer reading assignment may be utilized. Suggested topics include; basic atomic structure and nomenclature, chemical formulas, chemical bonding and intermolecular bonding, chemical reactions, and molar convers ...
Pharmacology for Nursing Care
... 1.13 The client comes to the emergency department with a myocardial infarction. The client’s husband tells the nurse that his wife has been taking calcium carbonate (Tums) for years for what she thought was indigestion. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. “Why did you let her do that? She sho ...
... 1.13 The client comes to the emergency department with a myocardial infarction. The client’s husband tells the nurse that his wife has been taking calcium carbonate (Tums) for years for what she thought was indigestion. What is the best response by the nurse? 1. “Why did you let her do that? She sho ...
3367 - Isomer Design
... US: Cyclostanodrol is not listed specifically in the Schedules to the US Controlled Substances Act and is not mentioned anywhere on the DEA website. United Nations: The substance is not listed on the Yellow List - List of Narcotic Drugs under International Control, the Green List - List of Psychotro ...
... US: Cyclostanodrol is not listed specifically in the Schedules to the US Controlled Substances Act and is not mentioned anywhere on the DEA website. United Nations: The substance is not listed on the Yellow List - List of Narcotic Drugs under International Control, the Green List - List of Psychotro ...
New antimicrobial drugs
... Although the traditional view within the pharmaceutical industry has been that the only good pathogenic bacterium is a dead one, this is not necessarily so. Many microbes harm their hosts because they make what are called virulence factors. These are molecules that help them to undertake various ess ...
... Although the traditional view within the pharmaceutical industry has been that the only good pathogenic bacterium is a dead one, this is not necessarily so. Many microbes harm their hosts because they make what are called virulence factors. These are molecules that help them to undertake various ess ...
CHEMICAL REACTION
... side of the equation in a format that can be revised. Revise the tally with each change. • Use coefficients in front of the elements and compounds to balance the number of atoms of each element. • RIGHT: 2NaNO3 • WRONG:Na2NO3 ...
... side of the equation in a format that can be revised. Revise the tally with each change. • Use coefficients in front of the elements and compounds to balance the number of atoms of each element. • RIGHT: 2NaNO3 • WRONG:Na2NO3 ...
B. Drug-receptor interactions
... Receptors are mostly membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind small molecules called ligands which results in physiological response. They are difficult to isolate because they exist in tiny amount and if isolated it will be difficult to purify. ...
... Receptors are mostly membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind small molecules called ligands which results in physiological response. They are difficult to isolate because they exist in tiny amount and if isolated it will be difficult to purify. ...
(1) Manipulate the barrier
... • Continous IV administration at a constant rate of infusion is a superior mode of drug delivery • IV administration avoids hepatic first-pass metabolism and maintain constant therapeutic drug levels in the body • TDD can closely duplicate continuous IV fusion. Hence it is helpful in delivering drug ...
... • Continous IV administration at a constant rate of infusion is a superior mode of drug delivery • IV administration avoids hepatic first-pass metabolism and maintain constant therapeutic drug levels in the body • TDD can closely duplicate continuous IV fusion. Hence it is helpful in delivering drug ...
. -- 1
... This proposed rule establishes conditions under which OTC nasal decongestant drug products for human use are generally If recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded. the final regulation would cause implemented as proposed, reformulation and revision in the labeling of some currently This p ...
... This proposed rule establishes conditions under which OTC nasal decongestant drug products for human use are generally If recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded. the final regulation would cause implemented as proposed, reformulation and revision in the labeling of some currently This p ...
DOC - World bank documents
... been revised every two years since 1996, essential medicines have had a limited impact in China for several reasons. First, prices imposed by government authorities were often based more on social ideals than on the economic realities of a competitive pharmaceutical market. As a result, unrealistica ...
... been revised every two years since 1996, essential medicines have had a limited impact in China for several reasons. First, prices imposed by government authorities were often based more on social ideals than on the economic realities of a competitive pharmaceutical market. As a result, unrealistica ...
Energy and Chemical Change Can changes be reversed
... react to form new substances, the total mass after the reaction can be measured. You will find that the total mass before and the total mass after the reaction are the same. The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after the ...
... react to form new substances, the total mass after the reaction can be measured. You will find that the total mass before and the total mass after the reaction are the same. The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after the ...
Chapter 17: Pharmacology, Drugs and Sports
... deals with the action of drugs on the biological systems • Specifically those that are used in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes • Used to achieve definite outcomes that improve quality of life • Various drugs and other substances are being used widely for performance enhancement or m ...
... deals with the action of drugs on the biological systems • Specifically those that are used in medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes • Used to achieve definite outcomes that improve quality of life • Various drugs and other substances are being used widely for performance enhancement or m ...
The Use of iCell Cardiomyocytes with Cell-by
... Background: Compound induced alterations in the action potential which lead to arrhythmia can be caused by either direct agonist/antagonist effects on the ion channels which contribute the generation of the action potential or through other signaling cascades which regulate the activity or expressio ...
... Background: Compound induced alterations in the action potential which lead to arrhythmia can be caused by either direct agonist/antagonist effects on the ion channels which contribute the generation of the action potential or through other signaling cascades which regulate the activity or expressio ...
Special considerations for age groups
... • Problems which interfere with appetite, balance, energy and lead to dehydration, weight loss, falls and immobility. ...
... • Problems which interfere with appetite, balance, energy and lead to dehydration, weight loss, falls and immobility. ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.