• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Open slide - CTN Dissemination Library
Open slide - CTN Dissemination Library

... “Mike Langsley’s” script was written to include detail satisfactory for up to 2 hours of substance abuse assessment interviews by multiple practitioners. What follows is a brief summary of Mike’s original case. Case summary. Mike is a 36 year-old unemployed male who has been using heroin for approxi ...
Chapter 2 - Cloudfront.net
Chapter 2 - Cloudfront.net

... that has a unique set of properties. Elements are pure substances made up of only one kind of atom. ...
Chemistry Course Descriptions
Chemistry Course Descriptions

... CHEM 214 - Inorganic Chemistry 3 credits = 3 contact hours per week for 15 weeks 2 weeks for final examination COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course covers the structure and properties of inorganic materials. These include non metal compounds, transition metal coordination compounds, and solid state mate ...
A custom designed sequential workflow
A custom designed sequential workflow

... crossed term for water and a key interaction of Following the completion of the sequence of water with input were not aliased. experiments across the three unit operations, the manufacture of Phase III clinical supplies was conducted in Singapore. Six batches at 2.9 kg each Selection of were manufac ...
Anti-addictive drugs
Anti-addictive drugs

... analogue of ibogaine, 18-methoxycoronaridine has also been developed which has similar efficacy but less side effects, however this drug is still being tested in animals and human trials have not yet been carried out. [edit] Alternative therapies Alternative therapies, such as acupuncture, are used ...
Atoms, compounds and elements - Mrs. Tes de Luna`s Science Class
Atoms, compounds and elements - Mrs. Tes de Luna`s Science Class

... ◦ The first part of his theory states that all matter is made of atoms, which are indivisible. ◦ The second part of the theory says all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. ◦ The third part says compounds are combinations of two or more different types of atoms. ◦ The fourt ...
Polypharmacy - The 1st Al Jahra Hospital International Conference
Polypharmacy - The 1st Al Jahra Hospital International Conference

... • Average American spends $955/year for pharmaceuticals • In the community population, medication-related problems cost $177.4 billion a year. ...
Potent Direct Vasodilators
Potent Direct Vasodilators

... Hydralazine is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. Pre-hepatic and hepatic metabolism, mainly by acetylation, is extensive. The acetylation pathway is subject to genetic polymorphism. Elimination is more rapid in “fast acetylaters” while slow acetylators” have higher plasma co ...
Main Ideas/ Questions Title: Chemical Reactions A chemical
Main Ideas/ Questions Title: Chemical Reactions A chemical

... Some chemical reactions that make life possible are ________________ to make them practical for living tissue. Enzymes are ___________________________ that speed up chemical reactions that take place inside of cells (they are known as catalyst) Enzymes and Substrates ...
Biological Treatments for Abnormality
Biological Treatments for Abnormality

... • 85% patients benefited from these drugs compared to ...
Diversity-oriented synthesis - David Spring
Diversity-oriented synthesis - David Spring

... restricting chemists to synthesizing compounds with these physical properties.19,20 This limitation is especially relevant in the discovery of chemical probes compared to, for example, orally active drugs since less stringent rules for efficacy apply.8 ...
Selected module tests in Pharmacology
Selected module tests in Pharmacology

... 17. Point out the incorrect statement: A. The drug distribution in the organism depends on the way they are applied, their pK and organ perfusion. B. AUC means “area under the curve” time/concentraion. C. t1/2β means biological half-life. D. In diabetes mellitus patient’s compliance does not have im ...
PrescriptionDrugs
PrescriptionDrugs

... suspicion drug screen. If a prescription drug is detected and it was legally prescribed- policy becomes paramount. The MRO will NOT be able to determine impairment using urine drug levels. If the employee failed to disclose a detected prescription drug- you will have a policy violation. If a tra ...
Topic guide 9.1: Drugs and receptor sites
Topic guide 9.1: Drugs and receptor sites

... at low inhibitor concentration. This could be helpful in drugs designed to target pathogenic microorganisms or for treatment of chronic pain. •• reversible competitive inhibition (e.g. in the action of methotrexate) is reversed when the ratio of substrate concentration to inhibitor concentration ris ...
Human abuse potential study design and interpretation for CNS
Human abuse potential study design and interpretation for CNS

... A randomized, double-blind, placebo-control, cross-over, abuse liability study in 38 patients with a history of drug abuse was conducted with single-doses of 50, 100, or 150 mg of Vyvanse, 40 mg of immediate-release d-amphetamine sulphate (a controlled II substance), and 200 mg of diethylpropion hyd ...
Zebrafish behavioral profiling links drugs to biological targets and
Zebrafish behavioral profiling links drugs to biological targets and

... high-throughput, quantitative screen for drugs that alter the behavior of larval zebrafish. We found that the multidimensional nature of observed phenotypes enabled the hierarchical clustering of molecules according to shared behaviors. Behavioral profiling revealed conserved functions of psychotrop ...
PENICILLINS - UW Canvas - University of Washington
PENICILLINS - UW Canvas - University of Washington

... “SULFA” OR “SULFONAMIDE” ALLERGY MEANS WHAT, EXACTLY? THERE ARE A LOT OF NONANTIBIOTIC SULFONAMIDES, LIKE THESE. ...
NRBDO`s patient survey template
NRBDO`s patient survey template

... available treatments? Examples of the types of information that might be included are: What therapy are patients using for this condition? How effective is the current therapy in controlling the common aspects of this condition? Are there adverse effects that are more difficult to tolerate than othe ...
Chemistry 11 – Course Outcomes
Chemistry 11 – Course Outcomes

... Describe force between like charges and opposite charges Explain how J.J. Thomson changed the view of the atom Use Rutherford’s gold foil experiment to support the model that protons in the atom are concentrated in the nucleus and positive. Give the relative mass of the following: electrons, protons ...
Vm - Veterinary Medicines Directorate
Vm - Veterinary Medicines Directorate

... For the treatment of endotoxaemia or shock-associated with gastric torsion and with other conditions in which the circulation of blood to the gastro-intestinal tract is compromised: 0.25 mg/kg (= 1 ml per 200 kg bodyweight) administered every 6-8 hours. ...
2008-2-B
2008-2-B

... C. Increased hepatic gluconeogenesis D. Increased target tissue sensitivity to insulin E. Decreased intestinal absorption of glucose 14. Which of the following hypoglycemic drugs can inhibit α-glycosidase? A. insulin B. glyburide C. pioglitazone D. acarbose E. metformin 15. All of the following drug ...
AB-463-Assembly-Health-Committee
AB-463-Assembly-Health-Committee

... 4) EXPENSIVE AND SPECIAL. Most of the conditions targeted by these specialty drugs tend to be chronic and progressive in nature and can impact quality of life, along with morbidity and mortality. Examples include growth hormone disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C ...
Document
Document

... a Bunsen burner. Using any combination of these substances and common lab equipment, suggest a procedure below which will produce at least one new compound. Write a reaction to show how the new compound(s) form(s). Also, identify the formula for the new compound. NOTE: There are several acceptable p ...
1. (U4C3L1:Q1) Study the table and indicate t
1. (U4C3L1:Q1) Study the table and indicate t

... 3. (U4C3L1:Q3) While giving a presentation about the dangers of drugs to a group of middle school students, one of the students asks you, "What's the best and safest way to quit drugs?" What should you tell her first? A) "Residential treatment centers because they provide support and experience from ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Nerve activates contraction
PowerPoint Presentation - Nerve activates contraction

... Ch 2 Performance Objectives • Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. ...
< 1 ... 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 ... 707 >

Drug discovery



In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report