Drugs and the liver
... Drug Metabolism: Many factors (such as foods eaten, a person's genetic makeup, and use of other drugs) can affect the way the liver metabolizes drugs Drugs can affect how quickly certain other drugs are metabolized in the liver. If a drug is metabolized more quickly, it may be broken down and elimin ...
... Drug Metabolism: Many factors (such as foods eaten, a person's genetic makeup, and use of other drugs) can affect the way the liver metabolizes drugs Drugs can affect how quickly certain other drugs are metabolized in the liver. If a drug is metabolized more quickly, it may be broken down and elimin ...
I.V. bolus injection
... I.V. injection. Bolus doses of medication may be injected directly into a vein, through an existing I.V. line, or through an implanted vascular access port (VAP). The medication administered by these methods usually takes effect rapidly, so the patient must be monitored for an adverse reaction, such ...
... I.V. injection. Bolus doses of medication may be injected directly into a vein, through an existing I.V. line, or through an implanted vascular access port (VAP). The medication administered by these methods usually takes effect rapidly, so the patient must be monitored for an adverse reaction, such ...
The Good Hospital Practice Training Series
... of ketoconazole, delavirdine Reduces ketoconazole absorption Binds raloxifene, thyroid hormone, and digoxin ...
... of ketoconazole, delavirdine Reduces ketoconazole absorption Binds raloxifene, thyroid hormone, and digoxin ...
Drugs in the Body - Paradigm Education Solutions
... Pharmacodynamics Generally, drugs work by mimicking, enhancing, or blocking the activity of substances that are usually already present in the body. In most cases, drug molecules interact with receptors on the surface or inside of specific cells. This interactive process is explained by drug recepto ...
... Pharmacodynamics Generally, drugs work by mimicking, enhancing, or blocking the activity of substances that are usually already present in the body. In most cases, drug molecules interact with receptors on the surface or inside of specific cells. This interactive process is explained by drug recepto ...
Day 72 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
... • Chemical reactions result in chemical changes. – Chemical changes occur when new substances are created. – The original substance(s), called reactants, change into new substance(s) called products. ...
... • Chemical reactions result in chemical changes. – Chemical changes occur when new substances are created. – The original substance(s), called reactants, change into new substance(s) called products. ...
NIRI BioPharma Industry Roundtable January 10, 2007
... active ingredient, known mechanism of action) – Based on the specific facts, FDA concluded that OmnitropeTM is highly similar to Genotropin® and approved OmnitropeTM under a 505(b)(2) application that included new clinical data ...
... active ingredient, known mechanism of action) – Based on the specific facts, FDA concluded that OmnitropeTM is highly similar to Genotropin® and approved OmnitropeTM under a 505(b)(2) application that included new clinical data ...
CHRONOPHARMACOKINETICS: AN OVERVIEW Review Article VINEY CHAWLA
... Circadian rhythms have been documented throughout plant and animal kingdom at every level of eukaryotic organization. These rhythms are endogenous in nature, driven by oscillation or clocks and persist under free running (e.g. constant darkness) conditions. The genes expressing the biological clock ...
... Circadian rhythms have been documented throughout plant and animal kingdom at every level of eukaryotic organization. These rhythms are endogenous in nature, driven by oscillation or clocks and persist under free running (e.g. constant darkness) conditions. The genes expressing the biological clock ...
Express Scripts Drug Information & Wellness Center Drug Information Updates
... most likely to have required long-duration NSAID therapy after injury are those who are considered “high-risk” because of additional barriers to the normal healing process (smoking status, weight, microvascular disease, etc.). Some studies have reported the prevalence of delayed union and nonunion f ...
... most likely to have required long-duration NSAID therapy after injury are those who are considered “high-risk” because of additional barriers to the normal healing process (smoking status, weight, microvascular disease, etc.). Some studies have reported the prevalence of delayed union and nonunion f ...
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
... – Chemical reactions occur when bonds between the outermost parts of atoms are formed or broken – Chemical reactions involve changes in matter, the making of new materials with new properties, and energy changes. – Symbols represent elements, formulas describe compounds, chemical equations describe ...
... – Chemical reactions occur when bonds between the outermost parts of atoms are formed or broken – Chemical reactions involve changes in matter, the making of new materials with new properties, and energy changes. – Symbols represent elements, formulas describe compounds, chemical equations describe ...
Basic concepts of pharmacokinetics
... Blood flow rate-limited models – These models are more popular and commonly used than the second type, and are based on the assumption that the drug movement within a body region is much more rapid than its rate of delivery to that region by the perfusing blood. These models are therefore also calle ...
... Blood flow rate-limited models – These models are more popular and commonly used than the second type, and are based on the assumption that the drug movement within a body region is much more rapid than its rate of delivery to that region by the perfusing blood. These models are therefore also calle ...
This article was published in an Elsevier journal. The attached... is furnished to the author for non-commercial research and
... for developing high-throughput methodology because they provide information to address issues raised from chemical-based in vitro studies, such as cytotoxicity caused by treatment, drug transport efficiency to the cell, and the effective doses of target compounds, and thus are ideal for developing h ...
... for developing high-throughput methodology because they provide information to address issues raised from chemical-based in vitro studies, such as cytotoxicity caused by treatment, drug transport efficiency to the cell, and the effective doses of target compounds, and thus are ideal for developing h ...
ROUTING SLIP GENERATED BY:
... players who died this year were found, on autopsy, to have ephedra in their systems. NFL league spokesman Greg Aiello, quoted in a Los Angeles Times article stated that “the purpose is to protect our players who operate in a very unique and stressful environment”. Aiello also said “because of the re ...
... players who died this year were found, on autopsy, to have ephedra in their systems. NFL league spokesman Greg Aiello, quoted in a Los Angeles Times article stated that “the purpose is to protect our players who operate in a very unique and stressful environment”. Aiello also said “because of the re ...
Welcome to AP Chemistry!
... I hope you are ready for a fun, yet challenging year. You already have a solid background in basic chemistry from your first year Chem class, and this is critical to success in AP Chem. As the year progresses and you develop your skills for making connections and problem solving as we delve into gre ...
... I hope you are ready for a fun, yet challenging year. You already have a solid background in basic chemistry from your first year Chem class, and this is critical to success in AP Chem. As the year progresses and you develop your skills for making connections and problem solving as we delve into gre ...
Drug-Receptor Interactions
... A drug that binds to a non-related receptor, producing an effect opposite to that produced by the drug of interest. ...
... A drug that binds to a non-related receptor, producing an effect opposite to that produced by the drug of interest. ...
syntheticcannibinoids
... not all people with severe reactions will visit the hospital for care. The population of focus in these studies was mostly young inexperienced drug users ranging from teenagers to young adults. Because synthetic marijuana is not very expensive, easy to attain (eg. via the internet), is marketed with ...
... not all people with severe reactions will visit the hospital for care. The population of focus in these studies was mostly young inexperienced drug users ranging from teenagers to young adults. Because synthetic marijuana is not very expensive, easy to attain (eg. via the internet), is marketed with ...
In silico methods: ADMET vs receptor affinity
... ClogP vs. Caco-2 Caco-2 = in vitro assay to measure absorption rate ...
... ClogP vs. Caco-2 Caco-2 = in vitro assay to measure absorption rate ...
The process of evaluating and regulating a new durg
... icology studies and the drug is determined to be potentially safe and effective in humans, the drug company submits an Investigational New Drug application (IND) to the FDA for permission to try the drug in humans. The IND requires specific information about the drug, including its chemical composit ...
... icology studies and the drug is determined to be potentially safe and effective in humans, the drug company submits an Investigational New Drug application (IND) to the FDA for permission to try the drug in humans. The IND requires specific information about the drug, including its chemical composit ...
Extemporaneous formulations-problems and solutions
... because the relatively specialised use of these products makes industrial product development, manufacture and registration financially unattractive. Availability varies between countries and very few products are available in countries which constitute a small market. There are, however, anomalies ...
... because the relatively specialised use of these products makes industrial product development, manufacture and registration financially unattractive. Availability varies between countries and very few products are available in countries which constitute a small market. There are, however, anomalies ...
Introduction to Pharmacokinetics
... http://www.xenogesis.com/services-3/in-vivo/pharmacokinetics-pk/ ...
... http://www.xenogesis.com/services-3/in-vivo/pharmacokinetics-pk/ ...
Bentley Poster 2011
... tested for its drug delivery potential. The results presented here are the first steps towards developing a novel drug delivery system with passive targeting potential through size control. ...
... tested for its drug delivery potential. The results presented here are the first steps towards developing a novel drug delivery system with passive targeting potential through size control. ...
food-drug interactions
... with the rationale that paroxetine would cause fewer side effects than an increase in the amitriptyline dosage. Three days after the initiation of paroxetine therapy, the woman was brought to the emergency department by her daughter, who had found her asleep at 11 a.m. On awakening, the patient comp ...
... with the rationale that paroxetine would cause fewer side effects than an increase in the amitriptyline dosage. Three days after the initiation of paroxetine therapy, the woman was brought to the emergency department by her daughter, who had found her asleep at 11 a.m. On awakening, the patient comp ...
Strategic Partnerships in Drug Development and Clinical Trial
... • Monogram has applied its phenotype technology to assist clients in their HIV vaccine development efforts, therapeutic antibody research and studies of natural history of infection. Sequencing on clones is also available. ...
... • Monogram has applied its phenotype technology to assist clients in their HIV vaccine development efforts, therapeutic antibody research and studies of natural history of infection. Sequencing on clones is also available. ...
Population responses
... Mixed antagonist: binds to separate site but modulates the ability of agonist to bind Physiological antagonist: a drug (or endogenous mediator) that antagonizes the effect of another drug (or endogenous mediator) by producing an opposing physiological response, typically by a different type of recep ...
... Mixed antagonist: binds to separate site but modulates the ability of agonist to bind Physiological antagonist: a drug (or endogenous mediator) that antagonizes the effect of another drug (or endogenous mediator) by producing an opposing physiological response, typically by a different type of recep ...
Slide 1
... approximately 2 to 4-fold higher equivalent doses of esomeprazole (Nexium) than the comparator drug. No trials have demonstrated an intrinsic therapeutic advantage …at equivalent doses.” - http://www.ti.ubc.ca/pages/letter45.htm ...
... approximately 2 to 4-fold higher equivalent doses of esomeprazole (Nexium) than the comparator drug. No trials have demonstrated an intrinsic therapeutic advantage …at equivalent doses.” - http://www.ti.ubc.ca/pages/letter45.htm ...
Drug Resistance - World Health Organization
... Financing and Coordination. The work of this group, its findings and methods, will be available via the WHO Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property website. It is due to report to the World Health Assembly in 2012 as one part of WHO’s actions under the global strategy and plan of action ...
... Financing and Coordination. The work of this group, its findings and methods, will be available via the WHO Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property website. It is due to report to the World Health Assembly in 2012 as one part of WHO’s actions under the global strategy and plan of action ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.