Annex 2 Spice And RA - European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and
... The Council Decision does not request the Scientific Committee to include a recommendation in their report. However, based on the experience thus far, it is clear that it is good risk assessment practice to do so. The Council has to decide whether to submit the new psychoactive substance to control ...
... The Council Decision does not request the Scientific Committee to include a recommendation in their report. However, based on the experience thus far, it is clear that it is good risk assessment practice to do so. The Council has to decide whether to submit the new psychoactive substance to control ...
Instructions on the Write-Up
... In year 1, the demand for Niagara will amount to160,000 units. For each of the subsequent years 2-15, the annual rate, at which demand grows, is equally likely to fall anywhere between 10% and 20% (i.e., in each year the rate at which demand grows, is a different realization from a uniform random va ...
... In year 1, the demand for Niagara will amount to160,000 units. For each of the subsequent years 2-15, the annual rate, at which demand grows, is equally likely to fall anywhere between 10% and 20% (i.e., in each year the rate at which demand grows, is a different realization from a uniform random va ...
Generic Drugs: Questions and Answers
... works, the way it is taken and the way it should be used. FDA requires generic drugs have the same high quality, strength, purity and stability as brand-name drugs. Not every brand-name drug has a generic drug. When new drugs are first made they have drug patents. Most drug patents are protected for ...
... works, the way it is taken and the way it should be used. FDA requires generic drugs have the same high quality, strength, purity and stability as brand-name drugs. Not every brand-name drug has a generic drug. When new drugs are first made they have drug patents. Most drug patents are protected for ...
Drug allergy
... The criteria of the classification 1) Based on the time required for the symptoms or skin test reactions to appear after exposure--- immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. 2) Based on the nature of organ ...
... The criteria of the classification 1) Based on the time required for the symptoms or skin test reactions to appear after exposure--- immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. 2) Based on the nature of organ ...
comparison free energy binding sites
... that hosts cell hold in this site when there is not inhibitor Sialic acid , on the other hand is inhibitor binding site [16].( Sialic acid active site = Inhibitor site ) There are 4 amino acid involved with altering or drug that include: Asp151,Glu276,Arg152 and Arg371[9,14] .That introduced as bind ...
... that hosts cell hold in this site when there is not inhibitor Sialic acid , on the other hand is inhibitor binding site [16].( Sialic acid active site = Inhibitor site ) There are 4 amino acid involved with altering or drug that include: Asp151,Glu276,Arg152 and Arg371[9,14] .That introduced as bind ...
CYP2D6 - PGXL Laboratories
... PMs are at increased risk of drug-induced side effects due to diminished drug elimination of active drugs. Patients with no CYP2C19 function (PMs) taking clopidogrel lack adequate antiplatelet response and remain at risk for cardiovascular events, including thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, ...
... PMs are at increased risk of drug-induced side effects due to diminished drug elimination of active drugs. Patients with no CYP2C19 function (PMs) taking clopidogrel lack adequate antiplatelet response and remain at risk for cardiovascular events, including thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, ...
found - Truth In Advertising
... serious health risks because consumers with underlying medical issues may take the products without knowing that they can cause serious harm or interact in dangerous ways with other drugs they may be taking. For example, PDE-5 inhibitors may interact with nitrates found in some prescription drugs (s ...
... serious health risks because consumers with underlying medical issues may take the products without knowing that they can cause serious harm or interact in dangerous ways with other drugs they may be taking. For example, PDE-5 inhibitors may interact with nitrates found in some prescription drugs (s ...
Phases of Drug Metabolism - Thomas Jefferson University
... • Volume of distribution is a virtual space that relates the amount of drug administered to the measured plasma concentration • Primary determinants are relative hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, and degree of protein binding • Relevance? – Explains differences in onset of activity e.g., fentanyl vs. m ...
... • Volume of distribution is a virtual space that relates the amount of drug administered to the measured plasma concentration • Primary determinants are relative hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, and degree of protein binding • Relevance? – Explains differences in onset of activity e.g., fentanyl vs. m ...
CFD Simulation Blast Furnace - TU Wien
... • A variety of synthesis-gas compositions can be used •For cobalt-based catalysts the optimal H2:CO ratio is around 1.8–2.1 •Iron-based catalysts promote the water-gas-shift reaction and thus can tolerate lower ratios. ...
... • A variety of synthesis-gas compositions can be used •For cobalt-based catalysts the optimal H2:CO ratio is around 1.8–2.1 •Iron-based catalysts promote the water-gas-shift reaction and thus can tolerate lower ratios. ...
presentation
... • More commonly defined as: ‘what the body does to the drug’ • Important in the understanding and development of drugs: dose level, dosing frequency, drug-drug interactions, effect of food, etc • 4 main processes – Absorption – Distribution – Metabolism – Elimination • We can get a feel for ...
... • More commonly defined as: ‘what the body does to the drug’ • Important in the understanding and development of drugs: dose level, dosing frequency, drug-drug interactions, effect of food, etc • 4 main processes – Absorption – Distribution – Metabolism – Elimination • We can get a feel for ...
New priorities emerge from devastating earthquake, tsunami
... • M&A activity driven by the need to build R&D organization (early- and late-stage) will remain important. • If power outages and transportation delays remain persistent, clinical trials could suffer. Companies will be looking for better project management and R&D outsourcing opportunities. • Medica ...
... • M&A activity driven by the need to build R&D organization (early- and late-stage) will remain important. • If power outages and transportation delays remain persistent, clinical trials could suffer. Companies will be looking for better project management and R&D outsourcing opportunities. • Medica ...
PM Physico
... The effect of dilution on the micelles can be studied by incubating the micelles in buffer solution at say 10-fold dilution at the required temperature for certain period. After filtration, the incubation solution is then analyzed for the presence of the drug. ...
... The effect of dilution on the micelles can be studied by incubating the micelles in buffer solution at say 10-fold dilution at the required temperature for certain period. After filtration, the incubation solution is then analyzed for the presence of the drug. ...
Importance of Functional Group Chemistry in the Drug
... attack prior to metabolic inactivation(6). This difference is the key point that workgroups need to deduce. Student knowledge of metabolism is generally limited at the time this case is presented; however, they are usually able to identify oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis as major metabolic rout ...
... attack prior to metabolic inactivation(6). This difference is the key point that workgroups need to deduce. Student knowledge of metabolism is generally limited at the time this case is presented; however, they are usually able to identify oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis as major metabolic rout ...
PHARMACOGENETICS OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORTERS
... Genetically-determined variability in drug and hormone transporter function may explain major inter-patient variability in drug pharmacokinetics and susceptibility to drug resistance and toxicity. These differences may be greater than those due to the known enzyme polymorphisms. There is much ...
... Genetically-determined variability in drug and hormone transporter function may explain major inter-patient variability in drug pharmacokinetics and susceptibility to drug resistance and toxicity. These differences may be greater than those due to the known enzyme polymorphisms. There is much ...
May 2015 ToxTidbits - Maryland Poison Center
... thought to have mul ple mes the receptor affinity and longer half-lives compared to THC. The CB1 receptor is predominant throughout the CNS and causes the majority of psychoac ve effects of synthe c cannabinoids. CB1 receptors are located presynap cally on both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, su ...
... thought to have mul ple mes the receptor affinity and longer half-lives compared to THC. The CB1 receptor is predominant throughout the CNS and causes the majority of psychoac ve effects of synthe c cannabinoids. CB1 receptors are located presynap cally on both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, su ...
Aminoglycosides
... Lack activity against most anaerobic or facultative bacteria and activity against G+ve# organisms is limited * in combination # Strept pyogenes is highly resistant ...
... Lack activity against most anaerobic or facultative bacteria and activity against G+ve# organisms is limited * in combination # Strept pyogenes is highly resistant ...
Chemical Reactions and Balancing Chemical Equations
... Chemical Reactions and Balancing Chemical Equations Types of Chemical Reactions Web Link: http://web.fccj.edu/~ksanchez/1032/wksheet/Reactions.htm COMBINATION - Two or more reactants form a single product. X+Y Z Examples: 6Li + N2 2Li3N 2Ca + O2 2 CaO 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 DECOMPOSITION – Single reactant ...
... Chemical Reactions and Balancing Chemical Equations Types of Chemical Reactions Web Link: http://web.fccj.edu/~ksanchez/1032/wksheet/Reactions.htm COMBINATION - Two or more reactants form a single product. X+Y Z Examples: 6Li + N2 2Li3N 2Ca + O2 2 CaO 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 DECOMPOSITION – Single reactant ...
compounds
... PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES chemical properties: describe how elements & compounds react with one another during chemical changes ex. 1 – capacity to burn ex. 2 – ability to react with water ex. 3 – ability to react with acids ex. 4 – ability to react with oxygen ...
... PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES chemical properties: describe how elements & compounds react with one another during chemical changes ex. 1 – capacity to burn ex. 2 – ability to react with water ex. 3 – ability to react with acids ex. 4 – ability to react with oxygen ...
Rottlerin
... Inhibits protein kinase C δ (PKCδ, IC50 = 3-6 µM) and PKCθ isozymes. Also inhibits PKCα, PKCβ, and PKCγ isoforms, but with significantly reduced potency (IC50 = 30-42 µM). Has reduced inhibitory activity on PKCε, PKCη, and PKCξ (IC50 = 80-100 µM). Also known to inhibit CaM kinase III (IC50 = 5.3 µM) ...
... Inhibits protein kinase C δ (PKCδ, IC50 = 3-6 µM) and PKCθ isozymes. Also inhibits PKCα, PKCβ, and PKCγ isoforms, but with significantly reduced potency (IC50 = 30-42 µM). Has reduced inhibitory activity on PKCε, PKCη, and PKCξ (IC50 = 80-100 µM). Also known to inhibit CaM kinase III (IC50 = 5.3 µM) ...
In Silico Methods for ADMET and Solubility Prediction
... We want to construct a theoretical model that will predict solubility for druglike molecules … We expect our model to use real physics and chemistry and to give some insight … We may need to include some empirical parameters… We don’t expect it to be fast by informatics or QSPR standards, but it sho ...
... We want to construct a theoretical model that will predict solubility for druglike molecules … We expect our model to use real physics and chemistry and to give some insight … We may need to include some empirical parameters… We don’t expect it to be fast by informatics or QSPR standards, but it sho ...
Integrative systems control approach for reactivating Kaposi’s
... engineering closed-loop search platform can be extended to a very different biological system. We, therefore, explore the validity of system control scheme to rapidly identify the optimal mixture of six drugs to reactivate Kaposi’s Sarcomaassociated Herpesvirus (KSHV) in vitro. KSHV is a recently dis ...
... engineering closed-loop search platform can be extended to a very different biological system. We, therefore, explore the validity of system control scheme to rapidly identify the optimal mixture of six drugs to reactivate Kaposi’s Sarcomaassociated Herpesvirus (KSHV) in vitro. KSHV is a recently dis ...
Pharm Basics High Yield
... Preparations of drug have the same bioavailability FDA: Trade v Generic should be 80-120% similar AUC ...
... Preparations of drug have the same bioavailability FDA: Trade v Generic should be 80-120% similar AUC ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... and extended delivery potential would be extremely desirable for lovastatin [6]. Hence, this compound is encapsulated or coated with a suitable carrier to enhance its bioavailability and other properties, viz., dissolution rate, half-life period, drug loading capacity, and maximum attainable plasma ...
... and extended delivery potential would be extremely desirable for lovastatin [6]. Hence, this compound is encapsulated or coated with a suitable carrier to enhance its bioavailability and other properties, viz., dissolution rate, half-life period, drug loading capacity, and maximum attainable plasma ...
Practice Exam for Pharmacology Exam 1 – Lectures 1
... 15. A patient presents to the emergency department with an overdose of Asprin. You want to increase the rate of excretion, what would you want to induce? a. Urine acidification b. Urine alkalinization – you would want to prescribe an alkalizer because Asprin is an acid and would be ionized in a base ...
... 15. A patient presents to the emergency department with an overdose of Asprin. You want to increase the rate of excretion, what would you want to induce? a. Urine acidification b. Urine alkalinization – you would want to prescribe an alkalizer because Asprin is an acid and would be ionized in a base ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.