trusopt - Vision Institute Of Canada
... dorzolamide exerts its effects at substantially low doses and therefore with less systemic exposure. When applied topically, dorzolamide reaches the systemic circulation. To assess the potential for systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibition following topical administration, drug and metabolite concentr ...
... dorzolamide exerts its effects at substantially low doses and therefore with less systemic exposure. When applied topically, dorzolamide reaches the systemic circulation. To assess the potential for systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibition following topical administration, drug and metabolite concentr ...
Anti-Protozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs
... After traversing the erythrocytic and plasmodial membranes, Chloroquine is concentrated in the organism's acidic food vacuoles. Chloroquine specifically binds to heme released from the digestion of the host cells' hemoglobin, preventing its polymerization to hemozin (a pigment). The increased pH and ...
... After traversing the erythrocytic and plasmodial membranes, Chloroquine is concentrated in the organism's acidic food vacuoles. Chloroquine specifically binds to heme released from the digestion of the host cells' hemoglobin, preventing its polymerization to hemozin (a pigment). The increased pH and ...
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
... Pharmaceutical Science Pharmaceutical science is the chemistry, biology and technology of medicine. It plays a role in improving human health and wellbeing: by researching and developing reliable, accessible and effective treatments for patients Learn from “world class” academics and have the ...
... Pharmaceutical Science Pharmaceutical science is the chemistry, biology and technology of medicine. It plays a role in improving human health and wellbeing: by researching and developing reliable, accessible and effective treatments for patients Learn from “world class” academics and have the ...
Helen Harkreader
... Routes of Administration • Topical Route: given directly to a body site • Inhalation: given into the respiratory tract via the nose or throat • Rectal or vaginal – suppository/cream • Nasogastric / G-Tube / J-Tube ...
... Routes of Administration • Topical Route: given directly to a body site • Inhalation: given into the respiratory tract via the nose or throat • Rectal or vaginal – suppository/cream • Nasogastric / G-Tube / J-Tube ...
Pharmacotherapy of drug poisoning and emergency states Common
... Copper sulfate – poisoning with phosphorus Sodium chloride – poisoning with silver salts (AgNO3) Iodine (15 drops per 100 ml of water) precipitates silver, lead, mercury compounds, strychnine, chinine Unithiol (dimercaprol, BAL, i.m.) – poisoning with heavy metals ...
... Copper sulfate – poisoning with phosphorus Sodium chloride – poisoning with silver salts (AgNO3) Iodine (15 drops per 100 ml of water) precipitates silver, lead, mercury compounds, strychnine, chinine Unithiol (dimercaprol, BAL, i.m.) – poisoning with heavy metals ...
Possible Test Questions
... Common Neurotransmitter Receptors found in Psych. Drugs and their effects - SERT – Serotonin Transporter – Serotoin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRI’s or SSRI’s) – i.e. some drugs, particularly the SSRIs, blockade (antagonize) the SERT leading to ↓ reuptake of serotonin back into the presynaptic neurons a ...
... Common Neurotransmitter Receptors found in Psych. Drugs and their effects - SERT – Serotonin Transporter – Serotoin Reuptake Inhibitors (SRI’s or SSRI’s) – i.e. some drugs, particularly the SSRIs, blockade (antagonize) the SERT leading to ↓ reuptake of serotonin back into the presynaptic neurons a ...
Pharmacologic Debridement: More Does Not Equal Better
... The Search for Clinical Decision Making Tools • Large heterogeneity difficult to find applicable studies – “No index…prospectively tested and found to be accurate in a large diverse sample…no study was completely free from potential sources of bias. Testing of transportability was limited, raisin ...
... The Search for Clinical Decision Making Tools • Large heterogeneity difficult to find applicable studies – “No index…prospectively tested and found to be accurate in a large diverse sample…no study was completely free from potential sources of bias. Testing of transportability was limited, raisin ...
Recognizing Drug Use in Adolescents
... receive adequate help. However, at times it is hard to tell that youth are developing a problem with alcohol and drugs. This guide summarizes the signs of intoxication, use, and abuse commonly reported by substance users. It is important to recognize, however, that some of the behaviors and experien ...
... receive adequate help. However, at times it is hard to tell that youth are developing a problem with alcohol and drugs. This guide summarizes the signs of intoxication, use, and abuse commonly reported by substance users. It is important to recognize, however, that some of the behaviors and experien ...
Teacher Notes
... caffeine in these products. Caffeine is particularly harmful for young children because it can cause sleep problems, anxiety, irritability and bed wetting. There is also a danger that regular use may threaten bone mass among young children since it causes excess secretion of calcium and magnesium. T ...
... caffeine in these products. Caffeine is particularly harmful for young children because it can cause sleep problems, anxiety, irritability and bed wetting. There is also a danger that regular use may threaten bone mass among young children since it causes excess secretion of calcium and magnesium. T ...
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) – Biotherapeutic bullets
... The critical factor in the manufacture of ADCs is choosing the right linker to attach the cytotoxic drug to the MAb (37,38). Currently, the development of linker technology is central to biopharma ADC programmes, with the main emphasis on targeting cancer cells. Incorporating the right linker will i ...
... The critical factor in the manufacture of ADCs is choosing the right linker to attach the cytotoxic drug to the MAb (37,38). Currently, the development of linker technology is central to biopharma ADC programmes, with the main emphasis on targeting cancer cells. Incorporating the right linker will i ...
15. Drug-Induced Torsade de Pointes
... No. After a change in heart rate, the QT interval takes a minute or two to reach its new steady state. Thus, for example, a QT interval measured just after an increase in heart rate may falsely appear to be abnormally long, because it is still shortening from its (normal) duration before the change ...
... No. After a change in heart rate, the QT interval takes a minute or two to reach its new steady state. Thus, for example, a QT interval measured just after an increase in heart rate may falsely appear to be abnormally long, because it is still shortening from its (normal) duration before the change ...
barbiturates and other downers
... The discovery was made by Adolph von Baeyer in a Belgian laboratory. The first barbiturate to be made from the acid was called barbitol. It was made in 1903 by two German scientists who were looking for drugs which could combat the effects of anxiety and nervousness. It was sold under the name of Ve ...
... The discovery was made by Adolph von Baeyer in a Belgian laboratory. The first barbiturate to be made from the acid was called barbitol. It was made in 1903 by two German scientists who were looking for drugs which could combat the effects of anxiety and nervousness. It was sold under the name of Ve ...
Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly
... forms) may resolve these bioavailability problems, but they can be a challenge to ensure physicochemical stability for the entire shelf life of the drug product. Since clinical failures of polymorph drugs have not been uncommon, and some of them have been entirely unexpected, the Food and Drug Admin ...
... forms) may resolve these bioavailability problems, but they can be a challenge to ensure physicochemical stability for the entire shelf life of the drug product. Since clinical failures of polymorph drugs have not been uncommon, and some of them have been entirely unexpected, the Food and Drug Admin ...
The Ideal Suppository Base
... the number of mgs of KOH required to neutralize the free acid in 1g of substance is expressed by this value. Low acid value or complete absence of acid are important for good suppository base. Free acids complicate formulation work because they react with other ingredients and can also cause irritat ...
... the number of mgs of KOH required to neutralize the free acid in 1g of substance is expressed by this value. Low acid value or complete absence of acid are important for good suppository base. Free acids complicate formulation work because they react with other ingredients and can also cause irritat ...
Metals
... ion is an atom (or molecule) with a formal electrical charge. An anion anion is an atom (or molecule) that has a negative charge. The number of electrons > number of protons A cation cation is an atom (or molecule) has a positive charge The number of electrons < number of protons ...
... ion is an atom (or molecule) with a formal electrical charge. An anion anion is an atom (or molecule) that has a negative charge. The number of electrons > number of protons A cation cation is an atom (or molecule) has a positive charge The number of electrons < number of protons ...
past medical history
... monitor V.S. supportive care Seizures A paroxysmal disorder of central CNS function characterized by an attack involving changes in the state of consciousness, motor activity, or sensory phenomena; a seizure is sudden in onset and usually of brief duration. not a disease - a symptom attacks - brief ...
... monitor V.S. supportive care Seizures A paroxysmal disorder of central CNS function characterized by an attack involving changes in the state of consciousness, motor activity, or sensory phenomena; a seizure is sudden in onset and usually of brief duration. not a disease - a symptom attacks - brief ...
Full Text Attachment - international journal of advances in
... moieties viz nicotinic acid, thiazole, coumarin, quinoline, furan, imidazole etc. with amino acids and peptides resulted in compounds with potent biological activities. Many of the heterocyclic found to exhibit antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antineoplastic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, ty ...
... moieties viz nicotinic acid, thiazole, coumarin, quinoline, furan, imidazole etc. with amino acids and peptides resulted in compounds with potent biological activities. Many of the heterocyclic found to exhibit antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antineoplastic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, ty ...
cholinergic agonists - Nursing Pharmacology
... arthritis, oral antidiabetic medications, thyroid replacement hormone, and a beta blocker for blood pressure. What potential adverse effect from the gingko would be of most concern for this patient? A. Stomach upset B. Diarrhea C. Bleeding D. Drowsiness ...
... arthritis, oral antidiabetic medications, thyroid replacement hormone, and a beta blocker for blood pressure. What potential adverse effect from the gingko would be of most concern for this patient? A. Stomach upset B. Diarrhea C. Bleeding D. Drowsiness ...
compound
... Every substance has a unique set of properties (characteristics that identify that substance) Physical Properties Properties that can be measured without changing the identity and composition of the substance ...
... Every substance has a unique set of properties (characteristics that identify that substance) Physical Properties Properties that can be measured without changing the identity and composition of the substance ...
this PDF file - Journal of Pharmaceutical Care
... that has done by the clinical pharmacist was requested for checking vancomycin level in the patients. One of the prescribed antibiotics in infectious disease ward of Loghman hospital was vancomycin, which its initial dosing is based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and disease type. The monitorin ...
... that has done by the clinical pharmacist was requested for checking vancomycin level in the patients. One of the prescribed antibiotics in infectious disease ward of Loghman hospital was vancomycin, which its initial dosing is based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and disease type. The monitorin ...
Organic Chemistry - Coastal Bend College
... Chemical Rxns & E+ Speed of Chemical Rxns: Things that D rate of rxns Catalyst: Substance that the rate of a chem. rxn w/o being Ded or depleted – Ex/ An enzyme(enz) is an example of a protein catalyst • Enz’s increase the rate of chem. rxns by decreasing the e+ required for the rxns to begin, th ...
... Chemical Rxns & E+ Speed of Chemical Rxns: Things that D rate of rxns Catalyst: Substance that the rate of a chem. rxn w/o being Ded or depleted – Ex/ An enzyme(enz) is an example of a protein catalyst • Enz’s increase the rate of chem. rxns by decreasing the e+ required for the rxns to begin, th ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.