2004 - Beedie School of Business
... FDA has 30 days to review the IND application At this time patents are usually applied for, patents last generally for 20 years The goal of the IND application is to provide pre-clinical data of sufficient quality to justify the testing of the drug in ...
... FDA has 30 days to review the IND application At this time patents are usually applied for, patents last generally for 20 years The goal of the IND application is to provide pre-clinical data of sufficient quality to justify the testing of the drug in ...
text building
... • avoid active transport to bile and not be 6. _____________ by kidneys; • be able to 7. _____________ through cell membranes; the most common mechanism, is passive transport; • move into the target organ; • 8. _____________ to a receptor site, often an enzyme or other protein molecule. How well a d ...
... • avoid active transport to bile and not be 6. _____________ by kidneys; • be able to 7. _____________ through cell membranes; the most common mechanism, is passive transport; • move into the target organ; • 8. _____________ to a receptor site, often an enzyme or other protein molecule. How well a d ...
... or Prescription Occasionally?
... reversal of the preceding downward trend, according to my analysis of the data, is the marked acceleration of drug consumption engendered by the post-war pharmacological revolutionanother reminder that great benefits are not costless. This lesson has to be kept in mind when one tries to link the cur ...
... reversal of the preceding downward trend, according to my analysis of the data, is the marked acceleration of drug consumption engendered by the post-war pharmacological revolutionanother reminder that great benefits are not costless. This lesson has to be kept in mind when one tries to link the cur ...
Chapter 2
... call atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element are identical; atoms of different elements are different. 3. Atoms of an element are not changed into different types of atoms by a chemical reaction. 4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine. ...
... call atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element are identical; atoms of different elements are different. 3. Atoms of an element are not changed into different types of atoms by a chemical reaction. 4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine. ...
error_classification
... This tool is designed to provide an evidence-based and clinically useful classification of paediatric prescribing error. The error types are largely based on an agreed, published definition of paediatric prescribing error by Ghaleb et al. They used a Delphi technique to seek the views of a panel of ...
... This tool is designed to provide an evidence-based and clinically useful classification of paediatric prescribing error. The error types are largely based on an agreed, published definition of paediatric prescribing error by Ghaleb et al. They used a Delphi technique to seek the views of a panel of ...
Chemical Equations
... combine sodium and carbonate into a neutral compound is to use two sodiums for each carbonate. Note how the ammonium carbonate required parentheses, as two ammoniums were needed to balance the charge of the carbonate. Subscripts are used within a chemical formula to show the number of atoms in a sin ...
... combine sodium and carbonate into a neutral compound is to use two sodiums for each carbonate. Note how the ammonium carbonate required parentheses, as two ammoniums were needed to balance the charge of the carbonate. Subscripts are used within a chemical formula to show the number of atoms in a sin ...
What’s in a name?
... NOTICE: When the number of products and reactants do not equal the equation must be unbalanced. ...
... NOTICE: When the number of products and reactants do not equal the equation must be unbalanced. ...
Drug-excipient interaction and its importance in dosage form
... parenterals dosage form and it is used as nutrition solution. Sterilizations by autoclaving of such parenteral preparations containing dextrose can cause isomerization of dextrose in fructose and formation of aldehyde(5-hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde), which can react with primary amino group to form ...
... parenterals dosage form and it is used as nutrition solution. Sterilizations by autoclaving of such parenteral preparations containing dextrose can cause isomerization of dextrose in fructose and formation of aldehyde(5-hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde), which can react with primary amino group to form ...
The Truth About Cocaine
... ocaine causes a short‑lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite—intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug. People who use it often don’t eat or sleep properly. They can experience greatly increased heart rate, muscle spasms and convulsions. The drug can m ...
... ocaine causes a short‑lived, intense high that is immediately followed by the opposite—intense depression, edginess and a craving for more of the drug. People who use it often don’t eat or sleep properly. They can experience greatly increased heart rate, muscle spasms and convulsions. The drug can m ...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DICLOFANAC POTASSIUM ETHOSOMES Research Article VIJAYAKUMAR M.R., ABDUL HASAN SATHALI A , ARUN K.
... phospholipid and ethanol, were optimized and characterized for entrapment efficiency, vesicular size, shape, invitro skin permeation, skin retention, drug‐membrane component interaction and stability. The ethosomal formulation having 4%w/v of phospholipid and 40%v/v of ethanol (F16 ...
... phospholipid and ethanol, were optimized and characterized for entrapment efficiency, vesicular size, shape, invitro skin permeation, skin retention, drug‐membrane component interaction and stability. The ethosomal formulation having 4%w/v of phospholipid and 40%v/v of ethanol (F16 ...
(1)
... Field Defect due to optic neuritis Dose & duration dependent toxicity. Pt should be instructed to stop the drug at first indication of visual impairment. Visual toxicity: reversible ...
... Field Defect due to optic neuritis Dose & duration dependent toxicity. Pt should be instructed to stop the drug at first indication of visual impairment. Visual toxicity: reversible ...
Drugs Of Abuse: A Pharmacological Perspective
... Scheduling: All are Schedule 1 drugs (no accepted medical use) – Studies in alcoholism, spirituality, religious experience, depression – May find accepted medical use? ...
... Scheduling: All are Schedule 1 drugs (no accepted medical use) – Studies in alcoholism, spirituality, religious experience, depression – May find accepted medical use? ...
Level of Evidence Associated with FDA Safety Communications with
... non-randomized studies (e.g. cohort studies, case-control studies), or any registry or database evaluations (e.g. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System) were classified as Level B evidence. Level C evidence included any expert opinions, case studies, or case reports. Spontaneous case reports were inclu ...
... non-randomized studies (e.g. cohort studies, case-control studies), or any registry or database evaluations (e.g. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System) were classified as Level B evidence. Level C evidence included any expert opinions, case studies, or case reports. Spontaneous case reports were inclu ...
The design of dosage forms
... absorption through the various epithelia and mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. A few drugs, however, are intended to dissolve in the mouth for rapid absorption, or for local effect in the tract, either because of the poor absorption by this route or because of their low aqueous solubility. Compa ...
... absorption through the various epithelia and mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. A few drugs, however, are intended to dissolve in the mouth for rapid absorption, or for local effect in the tract, either because of the poor absorption by this route or because of their low aqueous solubility. Compa ...
Biopharmaceutics / lecture 12 Dr. Aymen Bash Intravenous Infusion
... constant C SS levels also result in constant drug concentrations in the tissue (no net change in the amount of drug in the tissue occurs at steady state) . Although some clinicians assume that tissue and plasma concentrations are equal when fully equilibrated, kinetic models predict only that the ra ...
... constant C SS levels also result in constant drug concentrations in the tissue (no net change in the amount of drug in the tissue occurs at steady state) . Although some clinicians assume that tissue and plasma concentrations are equal when fully equilibrated, kinetic models predict only that the ra ...
complete IDD M Pharm Syllabus
... Statistics: Significant digits and rounding of numbers, data collection, random and nonrandom sampling methods, sample size, data organization, diagrammatic representation of data, bar, pie, 2-D and 3-D diagrams, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, standard deviation and standard e ...
... Statistics: Significant digits and rounding of numbers, data collection, random and nonrandom sampling methods, sample size, data organization, diagrammatic representation of data, bar, pie, 2-D and 3-D diagrams, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, standard deviation and standard e ...
Part 3. ABSORPTION OF DRUGS X-
... > CYP3A4 (the most abundant CYP in human enterocytes): cyclosporine (F = 0.3), midazolam (F = 0.4), fluticasone (F < 0.01), ergotamine (F < 0.01) > MAO-A: tyramine (For this reason, irreversible MAO-A inhibitors cause the cheese reaction.) sumatriptan (F = 0.2), zolmitriptan (F = 0.4), rizatriptan ( ...
... > CYP3A4 (the most abundant CYP in human enterocytes): cyclosporine (F = 0.3), midazolam (F = 0.4), fluticasone (F < 0.01), ergotamine (F < 0.01) > MAO-A: tyramine (For this reason, irreversible MAO-A inhibitors cause the cheese reaction.) sumatriptan (F = 0.2), zolmitriptan (F = 0.4), rizatriptan ( ...
File
... • The drug is negligibly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and it is not used parenterally due to systemic toxicity (acute infusion-related adverse effects and nephrotoxicity). • It is administered as an oral agent for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush), intravaginally for v ...
... • The drug is negligibly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and it is not used parenterally due to systemic toxicity (acute infusion-related adverse effects and nephrotoxicity). • It is administered as an oral agent for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush), intravaginally for v ...
HISTORY OF DRUGS IN THE LAST CENTURY Did drugs travel by
... Then came Morphine as the "cure" to Opium and Alcoholism, and a non-addictive treatment. Later to be found out to be more addictive than it was supposed to cure In the late 1800, the US manufacturer Parke Davis brought Cocaine to the public. Cocaine was promoted as the treatment for Morphine addicti ...
... Then came Morphine as the "cure" to Opium and Alcoholism, and a non-addictive treatment. Later to be found out to be more addictive than it was supposed to cure In the late 1800, the US manufacturer Parke Davis brought Cocaine to the public. Cocaine was promoted as the treatment for Morphine addicti ...
Patent protection for new uses of known drugs
... that case, human interferon-ß2 was claimed for use in influencing tumour/cancer cell growth and differentiation. A prior publication disclosed the use of interferon-ß2 for the purpose of stimulating the immune system of patients undergoing chemotherapy (ie, the same drug for treating the same diseas ...
... that case, human interferon-ß2 was claimed for use in influencing tumour/cancer cell growth and differentiation. A prior publication disclosed the use of interferon-ß2 for the purpose of stimulating the immune system of patients undergoing chemotherapy (ie, the same drug for treating the same diseas ...
Document
... N1−H···O6 hydrogen bond shown in Fig. 1 to give an isolated supramolecular adduct; the coupling of the two moieties is made more robust by a C9−H···O2 short contact. Owing to the scarcity of hydrogen bond donors with respect to acceptors, the packing is completed by a number of C−H···O interactions, ...
... N1−H···O6 hydrogen bond shown in Fig. 1 to give an isolated supramolecular adduct; the coupling of the two moieties is made more robust by a C9−H···O2 short contact. Owing to the scarcity of hydrogen bond donors with respect to acceptors, the packing is completed by a number of C−H···O interactions, ...
DocuShare - Pleasant Valley School District
... 1. Compare and contrast compounds and mixtures, using the law of definite composition and the law of multiple proportions. 2. Describe the subatomic particles in terms of charge, mass, and location. 3. Use chemical symbols to identify and represent the elements. 4. Identify different atoms using the ...
... 1. Compare and contrast compounds and mixtures, using the law of definite composition and the law of multiple proportions. 2. Describe the subatomic particles in terms of charge, mass, and location. 3. Use chemical symbols to identify and represent the elements. 4. Identify different atoms using the ...
Healing Pointstm - Richard Grossman
... The researchers report that levels of the two circulating estrogens fell significantly among women taking the supplements, but remained stable in the non-supplement group. Speaking to reporters, Slavin cautioned that the findings need to be duplicated in long-term studies before any definite recomme ...
... The researchers report that levels of the two circulating estrogens fell significantly among women taking the supplements, but remained stable in the non-supplement group. Speaking to reporters, Slavin cautioned that the findings need to be duplicated in long-term studies before any definite recomme ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.