USE OF NATURAL GUMS IN FORMULATION OF CONTROL RELEASED THEOPHYLLINE... Research Article *CLEMENT JACKSON, MUSILIU ADEDOKUN AND EKAETTE AKPABIO
... 20 g/ml while toxicity usually appears at concentration above 20 g/ml4. Since theophylline has narrow therapeutic index, it can be used as a controlled release product to protect asthma patients from frequent attacks and to prevent toxic side effects5. Developing oral controlled-release tablets for ...
... 20 g/ml while toxicity usually appears at concentration above 20 g/ml4. Since theophylline has narrow therapeutic index, it can be used as a controlled release product to protect asthma patients from frequent attacks and to prevent toxic side effects5. Developing oral controlled-release tablets for ...
Developmental Pharmacokinetics
... Drug distribution is influenced by a variety of drug-specific physiochemical factors, including the role of drug transporters, blood/tissue protein binding, blood and tissue pH, and perfusion (Bartelink et al. 2006; Kearns et al. 2003a; Van Den Anker and Rakhmanina 2006). However, age-related change ...
... Drug distribution is influenced by a variety of drug-specific physiochemical factors, including the role of drug transporters, blood/tissue protein binding, blood and tissue pH, and perfusion (Bartelink et al. 2006; Kearns et al. 2003a; Van Den Anker and Rakhmanina 2006). However, age-related change ...
An Overview of Present and Future Drug Testing
... findings and could not be trusted. This initiated a blind study from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that highlighted the nature of this problem. The study resulted in a 1985 publication in the Journal of the American Medical Association entitled "Crisis in Drug Testing" which documented the ...
... findings and could not be trusted. This initiated a blind study from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) that highlighted the nature of this problem. The study resulted in a 1985 publication in the Journal of the American Medical Association entitled "Crisis in Drug Testing" which documented the ...
Protein and Peptides Drug delivery, PEGylations and Biotech based products, Immunomodulated molecules
... as α-helices and β-sheets (their secondary structures). The overall (tertiary) structure of protein is established by proper positioning of different subunits relative to each other. In some cases individual proteins molecules form a quaternary structure, in which the individual protein molecules in ...
... as α-helices and β-sheets (their secondary structures). The overall (tertiary) structure of protein is established by proper positioning of different subunits relative to each other. In some cases individual proteins molecules form a quaternary structure, in which the individual protein molecules in ...
Synthesis, Crystal-Structure Determination and Magnetic Properties
... fortunately, both substances were received as phase-pure products, as evidenced by X-ray powder diffraction (for example, see Figure 1) and elemental analysis based on atomic-absorption spectroscopy, the latter yielding metal contents of 99.92% (CoNCN) and 99.70% (NiNCN) compared to the ideal stoich ...
... fortunately, both substances were received as phase-pure products, as evidenced by X-ray powder diffraction (for example, see Figure 1) and elemental analysis based on atomic-absorption spectroscopy, the latter yielding metal contents of 99.92% (CoNCN) and 99.70% (NiNCN) compared to the ideal stoich ...
Pharmacology 19c – Epilepsy and Anticonvulsants
... - Metabolised by hepatic glucuronidation (no phase 1 metabolism). Side effects Main one is rash, others are less common and include headache, blood dyscrasia, ataxia, diplopia and dizziness, sedation, insomnia, mood disturbance. It also has a number of drug interactions • Lamotigrine does not inhibi ...
... - Metabolised by hepatic glucuronidation (no phase 1 metabolism). Side effects Main one is rash, others are less common and include headache, blood dyscrasia, ataxia, diplopia and dizziness, sedation, insomnia, mood disturbance. It also has a number of drug interactions • Lamotigrine does not inhibi ...
phera-plex - AnabolicMinds.com
... Upon cessation of your prohormone, androgen or stack should follow several weeks of what is commonly referred to as “PCT” – post-cycle therapy (or treatment). This period of time usually reflects the length of time you spent “on” the cycle and is when you attempt to re-establish your own natural tes ...
... Upon cessation of your prohormone, androgen or stack should follow several weeks of what is commonly referred to as “PCT” – post-cycle therapy (or treatment). This period of time usually reflects the length of time you spent “on” the cycle and is when you attempt to re-establish your own natural tes ...
CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND MASS SPECTRAL STUDIES ON MASS
... The first public recording of the preparation and properties of MDMA was in 1914 when it was patented by Merck as a potential appetite suppressant. However, the patent expired without being commercially available on the public market. MDMA was largely ignored by the scientific community until the 19 ...
... The first public recording of the preparation and properties of MDMA was in 1914 when it was patented by Merck as a potential appetite suppressant. However, the patent expired without being commercially available on the public market. MDMA was largely ignored by the scientific community until the 19 ...
SAFETY OF ORAL IBUPROFEN ñ ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE
... connected with a relatively high concentration of the active substance or other ingredient, but it can also be a hypersensitivity reaction to one of the ingredients. Two registered reports from suspicious parents of a burning sensation on the tongue after tasting IBUM oral suspension were received s ...
... connected with a relatively high concentration of the active substance or other ingredient, but it can also be a hypersensitivity reaction to one of the ingredients. Two registered reports from suspicious parents of a burning sensation on the tongue after tasting IBUM oral suspension were received s ...
Molecules and Ions
... Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound e.g. hydrogen peroxide = HO ...
... Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound e.g. hydrogen peroxide = HO ...
Delivery of Quercetin as an Antioxidant Agent to Cancer Cells... Carbon Nanotubes Jafar Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi
... into a tubular form. These materials due to some qualities such as high specific surface area, unique electrical and electronical properties are used in many applications as catalyst base, polymers mechanical strengthening, composites, electronical devices production and drug delivery. This work spe ...
... into a tubular form. These materials due to some qualities such as high specific surface area, unique electrical and electronical properties are used in many applications as catalyst base, polymers mechanical strengthening, composites, electronical devices production and drug delivery. This work spe ...
Molecules and Ions
... Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound e.g. hydrogen peroxide = HO ...
... Empirical Formula: the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound e.g. hydrogen peroxide = HO ...
Unit 1 Review, pages 138–145
... (b) Ionic compounds are hard because their strong bonds resist being stretched. (c) An ionic compound breaks when struck with a hammer because its lattice structure is offset, and like charges repel each other. (d) Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved because the ions break apart in so ...
... (b) Ionic compounds are hard because their strong bonds resist being stretched. (c) An ionic compound breaks when struck with a hammer because its lattice structure is offset, and like charges repel each other. (d) Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved because the ions break apart in so ...
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Minoxidil Topical Gel
... The objective of the present investigation is to develop topical gel of minoxidil using model polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4M) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) at different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%) individually and in combination. The drug and polymers compatibility ...
... The objective of the present investigation is to develop topical gel of minoxidil using model polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4M) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) at different concentrations (1, 2 and 3%) individually and in combination. The drug and polymers compatibility ...
Prodrugs II
... Prodrugs for (increased) Site Specificity Bodor and co-workers have devised a reversible redox ✵ drug delivery system (RRDDS) for getting drugs into the CNS and then, once in, preventing their efflux. The approach is based on the attachment of a hydrophilic drug to a lipophilic carrier (a dihydropy ...
... Prodrugs for (increased) Site Specificity Bodor and co-workers have devised a reversible redox ✵ drug delivery system (RRDDS) for getting drugs into the CNS and then, once in, preventing their efflux. The approach is based on the attachment of a hydrophilic drug to a lipophilic carrier (a dihydropy ...
Regulation, Reimbursement, and the Long Road of
... testing for abacavir). The latter include tests such as assays for drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP450s) that are relevant for the use of various drugs [12]. Although all these tests are developed after the drugs they are useful for, there are significant differences with respect to the level of ...
... testing for abacavir). The latter include tests such as assays for drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP450s) that are relevant for the use of various drugs [12]. Although all these tests are developed after the drugs they are useful for, there are significant differences with respect to the level of ...
Flexbook - What is Matter?
... the substance is an element. Elements cannot be chemically broken down into anything smaller and still retain the properties of the element. For example, an atom of iron can be smashed into electrons, protons, and neutrons, but those pieces would not have the properties of iron. Atoms from two or mo ...
... the substance is an element. Elements cannot be chemically broken down into anything smaller and still retain the properties of the element. For example, an atom of iron can be smashed into electrons, protons, and neutrons, but those pieces would not have the properties of iron. Atoms from two or mo ...
Chemical Reactions and Equations
... 3. Displacement reaction 4. Double displacement reactions 5. Oxidation and Reduction reactions What are ‘Combination Reactions’? When two or more substances (elements or compounds) combine to form a single product, the reactions are called ‘Combination Reactions’. Generally, Combination Reactions ar ...
... 3. Displacement reaction 4. Double displacement reactions 5. Oxidation and Reduction reactions What are ‘Combination Reactions’? When two or more substances (elements or compounds) combine to form a single product, the reactions are called ‘Combination Reactions’. Generally, Combination Reactions ar ...
Gen Chem--Chapter 3 lecture notes.ppt (Read
... from groups 2 or 16, the resulting molecule contains 2 H atoms. The molecule is named according to the previous rules for nonmetallic binary compounds, but the di is omitted: H2S: hydrogen sulfide ...
... from groups 2 or 16, the resulting molecule contains 2 H atoms. The molecule is named according to the previous rules for nonmetallic binary compounds, but the di is omitted: H2S: hydrogen sulfide ...
Comparative pharmacology of the H antihistamines
... values (60-70% and 50%, respectively), since the rest of antihistamines are bound over 95% to plasma proteins. However, isolated pharmacokinetic study is of scant interest, and from the clinical point of view it is much more important to conduct pharmacodynamic studies that serve to define aspects s ...
... values (60-70% and 50%, respectively), since the rest of antihistamines are bound over 95% to plasma proteins. However, isolated pharmacokinetic study is of scant interest, and from the clinical point of view it is much more important to conduct pharmacodynamic studies that serve to define aspects s ...
intra-oral effects of drugs - Mid
... IV: zoledronate (Reclast) – once a year 5mg infusion for treatment of osteoporosis SQ: denosumab (Prolia) is a 60mg every six months RANKL inhibitor. Effects on bone are reversible on d/c. MOA-Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast precursors from attaching to the mineralized matrix which blocks transfo ...
... IV: zoledronate (Reclast) – once a year 5mg infusion for treatment of osteoporosis SQ: denosumab (Prolia) is a 60mg every six months RANKL inhibitor. Effects on bone are reversible on d/c. MOA-Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast precursors from attaching to the mineralized matrix which blocks transfo ...
Drug Therapy of Parkinsonism
... c-Behavioral effects include confusion, hallucinations, and delusions; those occur more commonly with bromocriptine and pergolide than with levodopa. * Like levodopa, brompcriptine and pergolide are contraindicated in patients with history of psychosis. * Pramipexole: Recently introduced dopamine re ...
... c-Behavioral effects include confusion, hallucinations, and delusions; those occur more commonly with bromocriptine and pergolide than with levodopa. * Like levodopa, brompcriptine and pergolide are contraindicated in patients with history of psychosis. * Pramipexole: Recently introduced dopamine re ...
Chemical Reactions and Equations
... What is a ‘Reaction’? Reaction is a term used for depicting a change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with other substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances. What is a ‘Chemical Reaction’? A chemical change is always accompanied by a chemical reaction. a ...
... What is a ‘Reaction’? Reaction is a term used for depicting a change or transformation in which a substance decomposes, combines with other substances, or interchanges constituents with other substances. What is a ‘Chemical Reaction’? A chemical change is always accompanied by a chemical reaction. a ...
Wine Country Lodging near San Luis Obispo CA
... C2H6O is the molecular formula for ethanol, but nobody ever writes it this way—instead the formula is written C2H5OH to indicate one H atom is connected to the O atom. ...
... C2H6O is the molecular formula for ethanol, but nobody ever writes it this way—instead the formula is written C2H5OH to indicate one H atom is connected to the O atom. ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.