Electrophysiological Effects of LU111995 on Canine Hearts: In Vivo
... Hoffman, 1985; Hondeghem and Snyders, 1990; Funck-Brentano, 1993). These untoward events have led regulatory agencies to require the use of established intact animal and isolated tissue models (or the development of new models) to determine the likelihood of proarrhythmia occurring on administration ...
... Hoffman, 1985; Hondeghem and Snyders, 1990; Funck-Brentano, 1993). These untoward events have led regulatory agencies to require the use of established intact animal and isolated tissue models (or the development of new models) to determine the likelihood of proarrhythmia occurring on administration ...
1. CHEMICAL MATERIAL, PREPARATION, AND
... Irritation: tests with rats guinea-pigs have established that long-term skin contact of concentrated, 0,05 % MyGreenClean ANK solutions can cause dermatitis. Other effects on animals: tests have established that lethal to animals can be only concentrated 0,05 % MyGreenClean solution injections, howe ...
... Irritation: tests with rats guinea-pigs have established that long-term skin contact of concentrated, 0,05 % MyGreenClean ANK solutions can cause dermatitis. Other effects on animals: tests have established that lethal to animals can be only concentrated 0,05 % MyGreenClean solution injections, howe ...
NIDA InfoFacts - Hallucinogens
... Hallucinogenic compounds found in some plants and mushrooms (or their extracts) have been used—mostly during religious rituals—for centuries. Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens have chemical structures similar to those of natural neurotransm ...
... Hallucinogenic compounds found in some plants and mushrooms (or their extracts) have been used—mostly during religious rituals—for centuries. Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens have chemical structures similar to those of natural neurotransm ...
CONTROLLED RELEASE OF A WATER SOLUBLE DRUG, METOPROLOL SUCCINATE, BY... LACTALBUMIN MICROPARTICLES
... drugs. Therefore there is a need for multidisciplinary approach for the efficient delivery of therapeutics to specific targets in tissues [1]. To minimize drug degradation and loss, to prevent harmful sideeffects and to increase drug bioavailability various drug delivery and drug targeting systems a ...
... drugs. Therefore there is a need for multidisciplinary approach for the efficient delivery of therapeutics to specific targets in tissues [1]. To minimize drug degradation and loss, to prevent harmful sideeffects and to increase drug bioavailability various drug delivery and drug targeting systems a ...
NIDA InfoFacts- Hallucinogens
... Hallucinogenic compounds found in some plants and mushrooms (or their extracts) have been used—mostly during religious rituals—for centuries. Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens have chemical structures similar to those of natural neurotransm ...
... Hallucinogenic compounds found in some plants and mushrooms (or their extracts) have been used—mostly during religious rituals—for centuries. Almost all hallucinogens contain nitrogen and are classified as alkaloids. Many hallucinogens have chemical structures similar to those of natural neurotransm ...
PowerPoint プレゼンテーション
... • complete DNA sequencing of more and more organisms will answer many important questions • how organisms evolved ...
... • complete DNA sequencing of more and more organisms will answer many important questions • how organisms evolved ...
Crosslinked hydrogels—a promising class of insoluble solid
... Alternatively, in nonporous insoluble carrier systems, amorphous drugs can exist as surface adsorbed or molecularly dissolved/dispersed in the matrix depending on the drug loading process. For example, solvent or melt granulation of a poorly soluble drug with a nonporous insoluble carrier typically ...
... Alternatively, in nonporous insoluble carrier systems, amorphous drugs can exist as surface adsorbed or molecularly dissolved/dispersed in the matrix depending on the drug loading process. For example, solvent or melt granulation of a poorly soluble drug with a nonporous insoluble carrier typically ...
Acids, bases and cocaine addicts
... its ability to pass through the mucosal cell membranes. Most drugs are weak acids or bases and their charge will be determined by the pH of the surrounding medium. The very acidic pH of the stomach will keep weak acids in their uncharged (non-polar or unionized) form. In contrast, weak bases, like c ...
... its ability to pass through the mucosal cell membranes. Most drugs are weak acids or bases and their charge will be determined by the pH of the surrounding medium. The very acidic pH of the stomach will keep weak acids in their uncharged (non-polar or unionized) form. In contrast, weak bases, like c ...
Drugs, Devices, and the FDA: Part 1
... Education Act of 1994 (18), but they are not subject to the rigorous tests required of substances that are defined as “drugs.” Prior to ever reaching a clinical researcher’s hands, all ...
... Education Act of 1994 (18), but they are not subject to the rigorous tests required of substances that are defined as “drugs.” Prior to ever reaching a clinical researcher’s hands, all ...
Other uses
... dysfunction associated with SSRI therapy •Studies needed to compare with Viagra etc •Rx drug, usually 15-30mg/d used; avoid >30mg/d ...
... dysfunction associated with SSRI therapy •Studies needed to compare with Viagra etc •Rx drug, usually 15-30mg/d used; avoid >30mg/d ...
Clinical Focus - Orbis Biosciences
... patients that are not backed by key bioavailability, stability, and safety studies.(1, 2) These methods are inconsistent and unreliable and often lead to dosing errors, adverse drug effects, decreased bioavailability or efficacy, complicated dosing requirements, or non-adherence because of foul-tast ...
... patients that are not backed by key bioavailability, stability, and safety studies.(1, 2) These methods are inconsistent and unreliable and often lead to dosing errors, adverse drug effects, decreased bioavailability or efficacy, complicated dosing requirements, or non-adherence because of foul-tast ...
Addiction and Mood Food
... on the other hand are free of this chemical roller coaster effect. They protein actually exists in two genetic variants, the exorphin-producing A1, produce a softer insulin response and more gradual and sustained glu- and the less active A2 form. Milk sources containing the A1 variant cose, 5-HT, an ...
... on the other hand are free of this chemical roller coaster effect. They protein actually exists in two genetic variants, the exorphin-producing A1, produce a softer insulin response and more gradual and sustained glu- and the less active A2 form. Milk sources containing the A1 variant cose, 5-HT, an ...
enclosure-v
... Carvedilol is non-selective beta blocker used for the treatment of mild to moderate congestive heart failure (CHF). It blocks beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors as well as the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. Carvedilol used in the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders such as angina pector ...
... Carvedilol is non-selective beta blocker used for the treatment of mild to moderate congestive heart failure (CHF). It blocks beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors as well as the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. Carvedilol used in the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders such as angina pector ...
PIO Nas - Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan
... Erdosteine pharmacologically acts as a bronchial mucus fluidifying agent. Pharmaco-therapeutic Erdosteine is classified under the mucolytic drugs. Pharmacodynamic Erdosteine besides its property of fluidifying bronchial mucus thus facilitating expectorations, shows effects as antagonizing the format ...
... Erdosteine pharmacologically acts as a bronchial mucus fluidifying agent. Pharmaco-therapeutic Erdosteine is classified under the mucolytic drugs. Pharmacodynamic Erdosteine besides its property of fluidifying bronchial mucus thus facilitating expectorations, shows effects as antagonizing the format ...
Drug provocation testing in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity
... on hypersensitivity reactions in hemodialysis patients under ACE inhibitors (39), and due to the potential involvement of bradykinin in hypersensitivity reactions, that may be enhanced by ACE-inhibitors (40), avoiding such drugs during DPT seems reasonable. Documentation. DPT should be regarded as a ...
... on hypersensitivity reactions in hemodialysis patients under ACE inhibitors (39), and due to the potential involvement of bradykinin in hypersensitivity reactions, that may be enhanced by ACE-inhibitors (40), avoiding such drugs during DPT seems reasonable. Documentation. DPT should be regarded as a ...
RCs – Legal Highs – New synthetic substances
... There is a lot more psychonaut literature and of self-experience than scientific one. For this reason, most of the risks of its use haven’t been studied or identified so far. Another name that it’s frequently used with these drugs is “Legal Highs” because the majority are uncontrolled drugs. This ha ...
... There is a lot more psychonaut literature and of self-experience than scientific one. For this reason, most of the risks of its use haven’t been studied or identified so far. Another name that it’s frequently used with these drugs is “Legal Highs” because the majority are uncontrolled drugs. This ha ...
Mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs
... The therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of seizures has broadened significantly over the past decade [1] . Many of the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have clinical advantages over older, so-called ‘first-generation’ AEDs in that they are more predictable in their dose–response profile and ...
... The therapeutic armamentarium for the treatment of seizures has broadened significantly over the past decade [1] . Many of the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have clinical advantages over older, so-called ‘first-generation’ AEDs in that they are more predictable in their dose–response profile and ...
Adverse event - BioMed Central
... Adverse events were to be recorded regardless of whether they were thought to be associated with the study or the drug under investigation. An adverse event was considered to be related to use of a study drug if, in the opinion of the investigator, there was a reasonable possibility that the event m ...
... Adverse events were to be recorded regardless of whether they were thought to be associated with the study or the drug under investigation. An adverse event was considered to be related to use of a study drug if, in the opinion of the investigator, there was a reasonable possibility that the event m ...
Prediction of Human Drug Clearance Using a Single
... In the adaptation of allometry for prediction of drug behavior in humans, many methods have been suggested and their predictive performance rigorously analyzed.16-19 It has been demonstrated that various correction factors may be needed for some specific drugs under certain circumstances.16,19-23 Ho ...
... In the adaptation of allometry for prediction of drug behavior in humans, many methods have been suggested and their predictive performance rigorously analyzed.16-19 It has been demonstrated that various correction factors may be needed for some specific drugs under certain circumstances.16,19-23 Ho ...
English
... Non-Contacting radar is a good solution for this application because it is immune to vapors and temperature changes as well as any changes in properties of the fluid itself. The Rosemount 5600 was installed in these resin tanks because of its capacity to handle the turbulence and any false echoes du ...
... Non-Contacting radar is a good solution for this application because it is immune to vapors and temperature changes as well as any changes in properties of the fluid itself. The Rosemount 5600 was installed in these resin tanks because of its capacity to handle the turbulence and any false echoes du ...
- The University of Liverpool Repository
... antifungal drugs with mechanisms of action different to existing classes since caspofungin was licensed in 2001. Many potential antifungal targets have been investigated but translating these early stage projects into clinical candidates has proven elusive. This has mirrored the issues with target-b ...
... antifungal drugs with mechanisms of action different to existing classes since caspofungin was licensed in 2001. Many potential antifungal targets have been investigated but translating these early stage projects into clinical candidates has proven elusive. This has mirrored the issues with target-b ...
Buffered Isotonic Solutions
... discomfort when instilled in the eye, nasal tract, blood, or other body tissues. Isotonic sodium chloride is a familiar pharmaceutical example of such a preparation The need to achieve isotonic conditions with solutions to be applied to delicate membranes is dramatically illustrated by mixing a smal ...
... discomfort when instilled in the eye, nasal tract, blood, or other body tissues. Isotonic sodium chloride is a familiar pharmaceutical example of such a preparation The need to achieve isotonic conditions with solutions to be applied to delicate membranes is dramatically illustrated by mixing a smal ...
FIELD ANESTHESIA Lori A. Bidwell, DVM, DACVAA, CVA Assistant
... rise into sternal prior to standing, some horse can rise quickly and attempt to run away. ...
... rise into sternal prior to standing, some horse can rise quickly and attempt to run away. ...
nicotinic receptors
... Two drugs originate from Atropa belladonna: atropine and Scopolamine. These are organic esters formed by combination of aromatic acids, tropic acids and complex organic bases (we don't have to memorize this). These are competitive antagonists of muscarinic agonists competing for a common binding sit ...
... Two drugs originate from Atropa belladonna: atropine and Scopolamine. These are organic esters formed by combination of aromatic acids, tropic acids and complex organic bases (we don't have to memorize this). These are competitive antagonists of muscarinic agonists competing for a common binding sit ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.