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DMPI UPDATE JULY 20 FINAL
DMPI UPDATE JULY 20 FINAL

... following initiation of VAL-083 treatment. DelMar reported increased survival at 6, 9 and 12 months following initiation of treatment with VAL-083 in the therapeutic dose sub-group compared to the low dose sub-group. Further details can be found at http://www.delmarpharma.com/scientific-publications ...
application of nanotechnology in diagnosis, drug discovery and drug
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PHENDIMETRAZINE TARTRATE TABLETS, USP 35 Mg
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... additives, or to potential effects on fish, birds and plants, as well as other factors that might disturb the balance of the ecosystem. 2. A mechanistic toxicologist is concerned with identifying and understanding the mechanisms by which chemicals exert toxic effects on living organisms. In risk ass ...
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... apposite = opp of opposite around this time it was noted that the bark of the Cinchona tree was good for treating malaria (it is a Peruvian tree)  in 1829 the extract of the bark was obtained and it was Quinine (used in treatment of malaria) the British used to take tonic water to prevent malaria b ...
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... of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), have worse disease outcomes [5]. Widespread introduction of antibiotics in the 1940s, beginning with penicillin [6–8] and streptomycin [9] transformed medicine, providing effective cures for the most prevalent diseases of the time. Resistance development limits ...
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Drug discovery



In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.
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