DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR ESTIMATION OF FORMOTEROL BULK DRUG AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
... pharmacopoeia.3 and British pharmacopoeia4. The literature survey reveals that one spectrophotometric5, few HPLC Chromatographic6 analytical methods have been reported for determination of formoterol in rotacaps. In present investigation we have developed a simple isocratic RP‐ ...
... pharmacopoeia.3 and British pharmacopoeia4. The literature survey reveals that one spectrophotometric5, few HPLC Chromatographic6 analytical methods have been reported for determination of formoterol in rotacaps. In present investigation we have developed a simple isocratic RP‐ ...
Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of - e
... major problem faced by the physicians. Recent studies suggested that intranasal administration of liposomal formulation may improve the drug delivery to the brain. In the present study, an attempt was made to study the brain bioavailability of commonly used anti-Alzheimer drug donepezil (DNP) liposo ...
... major problem faced by the physicians. Recent studies suggested that intranasal administration of liposomal formulation may improve the drug delivery to the brain. In the present study, an attempt was made to study the brain bioavailability of commonly used anti-Alzheimer drug donepezil (DNP) liposo ...
Mechanism of Action
... to that of VCR Terminal half-life values ranging from 20 to 24 h have been reported VDS disposition is primarily by hepatic • metabolism and biliary clearance, and the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A plays a major role in drug metabolism. ...
... to that of VCR Terminal half-life values ranging from 20 to 24 h have been reported VDS disposition is primarily by hepatic • metabolism and biliary clearance, and the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A plays a major role in drug metabolism. ...
Effect of Excipients on Oxcarbazepine Release from Modified
... Initial formulation studies were carried out to look in to the release retarding effect of different swellable polymers like HPMC K4M, HPMC LVCR 100 and HPC JF at a level of 20%w/w in the formulations (F1-F3) using AVICEL PH 105 as filler. The release profiles were shown in Figure 3. All the polymer ...
... Initial formulation studies were carried out to look in to the release retarding effect of different swellable polymers like HPMC K4M, HPMC LVCR 100 and HPC JF at a level of 20%w/w in the formulations (F1-F3) using AVICEL PH 105 as filler. The release profiles were shown in Figure 3. All the polymer ...
Advances in Environmental Biology
... (SSRIs), Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), maprotiline, trazodone, Bupropion and venlafaxine. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been used in almost four decades of clinical use. In 1955, a Swiss psychiatrist named Rulandkan who, from early 1950s attempted to get medicines to improve morale, ...
... (SSRIs), Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), maprotiline, trazodone, Bupropion and venlafaxine. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been used in almost four decades of clinical use. In 1955, a Swiss psychiatrist named Rulandkan who, from early 1950s attempted to get medicines to improve morale, ...
hydrogen bond acceptor - e
... solvates this highly polar group does not have to be stripped away, and there is no energy penalty when the drug binds to its target. It is not possible for water to solvate the non-polar or hydrophobic regions of a drug or its target binding site. Instead, the surrounding water molecules form stron ...
... solvates this highly polar group does not have to be stripped away, and there is no energy penalty when the drug binds to its target. It is not possible for water to solvate the non-polar or hydrophobic regions of a drug or its target binding site. Instead, the surrounding water molecules form stron ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)
... To check the Linearity, standard calibration curve of the drug was constructed by plotting ratios of peak areas of standard drug montelukast vs. concentration of standard solutions. The curve showed good linearity over a concentration range of 10 – 100 µg ml-1 use UV/Vis detector. Linearity range an ...
... To check the Linearity, standard calibration curve of the drug was constructed by plotting ratios of peak areas of standard drug montelukast vs. concentration of standard solutions. The curve showed good linearity over a concentration range of 10 – 100 µg ml-1 use UV/Vis detector. Linearity range an ...
Introduction - Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife
... different changes when they interact with biological systems. They may cause contraction of muscles, alterations of hormonal levels, and secretions from glands, modulation of nervous activity and a host of other physiological changes in the body. Drug is the generic name for any substance used for t ...
... different changes when they interact with biological systems. They may cause contraction of muscles, alterations of hormonal levels, and secretions from glands, modulation of nervous activity and a host of other physiological changes in the body. Drug is the generic name for any substance used for t ...
Document
... 4. The freezing point of pure p-dichlorobenzene is 53.1 ºC. The Kf value is 7.10 ºC/m. A solution of 1.52 g of a new drug is dissolved in 10.0 g of p-dichlorobenzene and the freezing point of the mixture is 46.7 ºC. What is the molar mass (g/mol) of the drug. ...
... 4. The freezing point of pure p-dichlorobenzene is 53.1 ºC. The Kf value is 7.10 ºC/m. A solution of 1.52 g of a new drug is dissolved in 10.0 g of p-dichlorobenzene and the freezing point of the mixture is 46.7 ºC. What is the molar mass (g/mol) of the drug. ...
chapter 19
... (FD&C) Act, a drug approved for marketing may be labeled, promoted, and advertised by the manufacturer only for those uses for which the drug’s safety and effectiveness have been established through clinical trials and which the FDA has approved. These are referred to as “approved” uses. The FD&C Ac ...
... (FD&C) Act, a drug approved for marketing may be labeled, promoted, and advertised by the manufacturer only for those uses for which the drug’s safety and effectiveness have been established through clinical trials and which the FDA has approved. These are referred to as “approved” uses. The FD&C Ac ...
SW_293 5_Benzodiazepines final
... These drugs are eliminated fairly rapidly with the result that concentrations fluctuate with peaks and troughs between each dose. It is necessary to take the tablets several times a day and many people experience a "mini-withdrawal", sometimes a craving, between each dose. For people withdrawing fro ...
... These drugs are eliminated fairly rapidly with the result that concentrations fluctuate with peaks and troughs between each dose. It is necessary to take the tablets several times a day and many people experience a "mini-withdrawal", sometimes a craving, between each dose. For people withdrawing fro ...
Becoming Neurochemical Selves
... Deniker and Jean Delay, who administered it to a group of psychotically agitated patients at the Hôpital Sainte-Anne in Paris in 1952, are credited with the discovery of its psychiatric effects. It was taken by RhônePoulenc to Canada, and licensed to Smith Kline and French who promoted it heavily in ...
... Deniker and Jean Delay, who administered it to a group of psychotically agitated patients at the Hôpital Sainte-Anne in Paris in 1952, are credited with the discovery of its psychiatric effects. It was taken by RhônePoulenc to Canada, and licensed to Smith Kline and French who promoted it heavily in ...
Dart Transmitters - Wildlife Materials
... tail section with flexible 25 cm antenna, and adapter that attaches the transmitter to the front drug section. The user must furnish the drug section of the dart, which includes a drug barrel, plunger, explosive charge and double-barbed needle. If requested, a 1 ½ double-barbed needle can be suppli ...
... tail section with flexible 25 cm antenna, and adapter that attaches the transmitter to the front drug section. The user must furnish the drug section of the dart, which includes a drug barrel, plunger, explosive charge and double-barbed needle. If requested, a 1 ½ double-barbed needle can be suppli ...
Зразок для теоретичних кафедр
... action, the degree of liver metabolism. Among the first three generations of H2histamine receptors blockers cimetidine least hydrophilic, resulting in a short halflife and considerable metabolism in the liver. Thanks to the latter it interacts with the microsomal enzyme - cytochrome P450, altering t ...
... action, the degree of liver metabolism. Among the first three generations of H2histamine receptors blockers cimetidine least hydrophilic, resulting in a short halflife and considerable metabolism in the liver. Thanks to the latter it interacts with the microsomal enzyme - cytochrome P450, altering t ...
A Guide to Medical Marijuana
... They have cynically exploited the public’s lack of understanding about how basic and clinical scientists develop new drugs and the complex business of bringing them to market. They have played on the public’s compassion for seriously ill people to side-step FDA’s drug development process and persuad ...
... They have cynically exploited the public’s lack of understanding about how basic and clinical scientists develop new drugs and the complex business of bringing them to market. They have played on the public’s compassion for seriously ill people to side-step FDA’s drug development process and persuad ...
1-25-17 PPT
... Extended Interval Dosing—with a drug concentration Adjust the Dosing Interval Based on Serum Drug Concentration MB is dosed with gentamicin starting at 1100 on 1/10. A post dose blood sample is ...
... Extended Interval Dosing—with a drug concentration Adjust the Dosing Interval Based on Serum Drug Concentration MB is dosed with gentamicin starting at 1100 on 1/10. A post dose blood sample is ...
File
... Conservation of Matter). This states that matter is neither created nor destroyed. What this means to us is that whatever mass you start out with is the same amount of mass you end up with. For example, in the above equation if you start with 5 g of Fe and end up producing 6.2 g of Fe2O3 you will ha ...
... Conservation of Matter). This states that matter is neither created nor destroyed. What this means to us is that whatever mass you start out with is the same amount of mass you end up with. For example, in the above equation if you start with 5 g of Fe and end up producing 6.2 g of Fe2O3 you will ha ...
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LAMOTRIGINE ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS: INCLUSION COMPLEX WITH HYDROXYPROPYL Β CYCLODEXTRIN
... Bitter taste of drug and solubility becomes hurdles for formulating orodispersible tablets (ODT) hence there is strong clinical need to explore any technique to enhance its solubility and simultaneously by masking of taste. β‐cyclodextrin is known to form inclus ...
... Bitter taste of drug and solubility becomes hurdles for formulating orodispersible tablets (ODT) hence there is strong clinical need to explore any technique to enhance its solubility and simultaneously by masking of taste. β‐cyclodextrin is known to form inclus ...
PDF - Innovare Academic Sciences
... case of a new drug. And again the market exclusivity is granted to the company for the improved therapeutic entity [4]. The overall cost & time involved in the development of the super generic version is very less as compared to the new drug molecule which finally gives vision to the pharmaceutical ...
... case of a new drug. And again the market exclusivity is granted to the company for the improved therapeutic entity [4]. The overall cost & time involved in the development of the super generic version is very less as compared to the new drug molecule which finally gives vision to the pharmaceutical ...
Chapter 3 - Slothnet
... have opposing chemical properties. When the carboxyl group ionizes it forms COO– and is strongly hydrophilic; the other end is ...
... have opposing chemical properties. When the carboxyl group ionizes it forms COO– and is strongly hydrophilic; the other end is ...
Direct and Indirect Effects of Pseudoephedrine on the Intrinsic
... INTRODUCTION Psuedoephederine (PSE) is the active ingredient in many Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nasal decongestant products, including Sudafed®. Despite its wide distribution in local pharmacies and its common use, Sudafed® has become a topic of interest in drug research due to its ...
... INTRODUCTION Psuedoephederine (PSE) is the active ingredient in many Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nasal decongestant products, including Sudafed®. Despite its wide distribution in local pharmacies and its common use, Sudafed® has become a topic of interest in drug research due to its ...
Neurobiology of Addiction and Recovery
... The highest risk of relapse for cocaine addicts is during the third and fourth week of abstinence. PET images show even lower levels of activity in the mesolimbic dopamine system during this time. The addict is almost back to normal after a year or so, but not completely. ...
... The highest risk of relapse for cocaine addicts is during the third and fourth week of abstinence. PET images show even lower levels of activity in the mesolimbic dopamine system during this time. The addict is almost back to normal after a year or so, but not completely. ...
Gay Men, Lesbians and Substances of Abuse and the ``Club and
... McDowell, 1999). There are, however, some illicit substances that are especially popular among gay men and lesbians. A working knowledge of these substances, their history, chemistry, physiological effects, and the treatment options available is important for a clinician that works with this populat ...
... McDowell, 1999). There are, however, some illicit substances that are especially popular among gay men and lesbians. A working knowledge of these substances, their history, chemistry, physiological effects, and the treatment options available is important for a clinician that works with this populat ...
ToxTidbits (March/April 2013)
... Ricin is a toxalbumin derived from the beans of the castor plant, the same plant used to make castor oil. Ricin has a long history of research and use as a biological warfare agent dating back to World War I. It can be in the form of a powder, a pellet, a mist or dissolved in water or weak acid. It ...
... Ricin is a toxalbumin derived from the beans of the castor plant, the same plant used to make castor oil. Ricin has a long history of research and use as a biological warfare agent dating back to World War I. It can be in the form of a powder, a pellet, a mist or dissolved in water or weak acid. It ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.