Problem 1: “A brief history” of life in the universe
... chemical reactions involving atoms and molecules. It is only natural then to ask where atoms came from. According to a widely accepted model, the universe began about 15 billion years ago in a big bang and has been expanding ever since. The history of the universe as a whole can be viewed in terms o ...
... chemical reactions involving atoms and molecules. It is only natural then to ask where atoms came from. According to a widely accepted model, the universe began about 15 billion years ago in a big bang and has been expanding ever since. The history of the universe as a whole can be viewed in terms o ...
Questions and answers on NPS
... either in a pure form or a preparation, that are not controlled by the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs or the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, but which may pose a public health threat”. The term ‘new’ does not necessarily refer to new inventions-- several NPS were first synthesi ...
... either in a pure form or a preparation, that are not controlled by the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs or the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, but which may pose a public health threat”. The term ‘new’ does not necessarily refer to new inventions-- several NPS were first synthesi ...
Managing Epileptic Dogs
... seizures and precipitating factors have been excluded and (2) either serum concentrations are within the target range or the dog is suffering from unacceptabel side effects. A common mistake is to add a second drug before adequate serum concentrations of the first drug are achieved. Several alternat ...
... seizures and precipitating factors have been excluded and (2) either serum concentrations are within the target range or the dog is suffering from unacceptabel side effects. A common mistake is to add a second drug before adequate serum concentrations of the first drug are achieved. Several alternat ...
New Insights on Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE)
... In 1954, Denham Harman proposed a free radical theory of aging [23]. Today a huge body of evidence confirms that oxidative stress promotes aging and many seemingly diverse age-associated diseases [24, 25]. In 1977, the Hungarian physician Imre Nagy proposed the membrane hypothesis of aging which pos ...
... In 1954, Denham Harman proposed a free radical theory of aging [23]. Today a huge body of evidence confirms that oxidative stress promotes aging and many seemingly diverse age-associated diseases [24, 25]. In 1977, the Hungarian physician Imre Nagy proposed the membrane hypothesis of aging which pos ...
The Effect of Changes in Co-payment and Premium Policies
... products from formularies, reference-based pricing, and maximum allowable cost policies can also be seen as cost-sharing policies, since they shift prescription drug costs to the consumer when certain drug products are used.6;7 Appendix A includes terms and definitions of different cost-sharing arra ...
... products from formularies, reference-based pricing, and maximum allowable cost policies can also be seen as cost-sharing policies, since they shift prescription drug costs to the consumer when certain drug products are used.6;7 Appendix A includes terms and definitions of different cost-sharing arra ...
TYPE OF MANUSCRIPT: ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
... Physical Evaluation of Gels: The results of various physical parameters for evaluation of the prepared herbal gel Formulation are reported below. The physical parameter such as color, appearance, and feel on application are observed and shown in Table No 4. From the physical evaluation the color of ...
... Physical Evaluation of Gels: The results of various physical parameters for evaluation of the prepared herbal gel Formulation are reported below. The physical parameter such as color, appearance, and feel on application are observed and shown in Table No 4. From the physical evaluation the color of ...
Understanding and Managing Drug Interactions in HIV Disease
... sustained viral suppression. Main outcome measures: At virologic failure (S1 sample) and 6 weeks later (S2 sample), assessment of protease and reverse transcriptase gene mutations, plasma indinavir level, and degree of viral load rebound; pill count during induction and maintenance periods. Results: ...
... sustained viral suppression. Main outcome measures: At virologic failure (S1 sample) and 6 weeks later (S2 sample), assessment of protease and reverse transcriptase gene mutations, plasma indinavir level, and degree of viral load rebound; pill count during induction and maintenance periods. Results: ...
Cleaning Verification / Validation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
... - Conduct an exhaustive study of the possibilities? - Establish 1st and 2nd choice cleaning approaches, and test to those conditions. ...
... - Conduct an exhaustive study of the possibilities? - Establish 1st and 2nd choice cleaning approaches, and test to those conditions. ...
enhancement of dissolution rate of fenofibrate by
... saturation state, however, it returned to saturation state within 3 hours due to recrystallization precipitation which produced an amorphous state. Poloxamer® and TPGS are other reported surface active agents applied in the spray drying method [18, 19] which have been used also in the dissolution en ...
... saturation state, however, it returned to saturation state within 3 hours due to recrystallization precipitation which produced an amorphous state. Poloxamer® and TPGS are other reported surface active agents applied in the spray drying method [18, 19] which have been used also in the dissolution en ...
Expert Opin. Ther. Pat. 2016, 27, 179–189
... targets of conjugation in order to improve the pharmacological properties of these macrolides. This time around, the conjugation was achieved with different lengths of oligo(ethylene glycol) aiming to raise the critical micelle concentration of the compound, which is an indication of molecular aggre ...
... targets of conjugation in order to improve the pharmacological properties of these macrolides. This time around, the conjugation was achieved with different lengths of oligo(ethylene glycol) aiming to raise the critical micelle concentration of the compound, which is an indication of molecular aggre ...
PDF File
... alkylacrylate monomer. Similarly, the membrane destabilizing activity is controlled by the lengths of the alkyl segment on the alkylacrylic acid monomer and the alkylacrylate monomer, as well as by their ratio in the final polymer chains. These factors have been characterized by studying the influen ...
... alkylacrylate monomer. Similarly, the membrane destabilizing activity is controlled by the lengths of the alkyl segment on the alkylacrylic acid monomer and the alkylacrylate monomer, as well as by their ratio in the final polymer chains. These factors have been characterized by studying the influen ...
Long-term in vitro study of paclitaxel
... coil array principle, by which four furled lobes convert into a single large lobe upon balloon expansion. This expandable stent design is based on melt-spun bioresorbable fibers that were made from a relatively high molecular weight PLLA. It demonstrated excellent initial radial compression strength ...
... coil array principle, by which four furled lobes convert into a single large lobe upon balloon expansion. This expandable stent design is based on melt-spun bioresorbable fibers that were made from a relatively high molecular weight PLLA. It demonstrated excellent initial radial compression strength ...
Medicare Part D Manual Chapter 6 – Part D Drugs and Formulary
... 10.8 Drugs used to Treat Opioid Dependence Prescription Drug Plans and MA-PDs must include coverage for Part D drugs, either by formulary inclusion or via an exception, when medically necessary for the treatment of opioid dependence. Coverage is not limited to single entity products such as Subutex ...
... 10.8 Drugs used to Treat Opioid Dependence Prescription Drug Plans and MA-PDs must include coverage for Part D drugs, either by formulary inclusion or via an exception, when medically necessary for the treatment of opioid dependence. Coverage is not limited to single entity products such as Subutex ...
activity - SD308.org
... 3. Explain the relationship between the hardness and the amount of abrasion, as observed in the activity? ...
... 3. Explain the relationship between the hardness and the amount of abrasion, as observed in the activity? ...
A1985AMF6700002
... the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS), including cofactor requirements and response to inhibitors, we concluded that a q~tochrome P.450-dependent mono-osygenase system was involved. This thesis stirred up a decade of extensive experimentation 1with lively and, at times, acrimonious debate. ...
... the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS), including cofactor requirements and response to inhibitors, we concluded that a q~tochrome P.450-dependent mono-osygenase system was involved. This thesis stirred up a decade of extensive experimentation 1with lively and, at times, acrimonious debate. ...
Reasons for Delegate`s final decision, July 2011
... that these substances were captured as derivatives, a cross reference in the SUSMP Index was suggested to clarify the scheduling status. However, if was determined that the tetrahydrocannabinols entry did not capture this class of substances, then requested to also include dibenzopyrans in Schedule ...
... that these substances were captured as derivatives, a cross reference in the SUSMP Index was suggested to clarify the scheduling status. However, if was determined that the tetrahydrocannabinols entry did not capture this class of substances, then requested to also include dibenzopyrans in Schedule ...
Management of Drugs at Health Centre Level
... countries in ensuring regular access to health services in general and to essential drugs in particular in a participative manner, especially at the community level. However, available drugs need to be well managed in order to meet public health needs. The drug management cycle (i.e. selection, proc ...
... countries in ensuring regular access to health services in general and to essential drugs in particular in a participative manner, especially at the community level. However, available drugs need to be well managed in order to meet public health needs. The drug management cycle (i.e. selection, proc ...
Isolation of drug target protein
... Isolation of drug target protein Summary Chemical Biology is known as new biological approach for analysis of the interaction between small molecules (chemicals) and target molecules in the cells. FG beads are the best tool for this purpose. We here introduce how to immobilize chemical on the FG bea ...
... Isolation of drug target protein Summary Chemical Biology is known as new biological approach for analysis of the interaction between small molecules (chemicals) and target molecules in the cells. FG beads are the best tool for this purpose. We here introduce how to immobilize chemical on the FG bea ...
iCup®/ iCup® - Drug testing supplies from CLIA waived,Inc, drug tests
... amphetamine drugs, a capacity to increase blood pressure and heart rate. MDMA does produce some perceptual changes in the form of increased sensitivity to light, difficulty in focusing, and blurred vision in some users. Its mechanism of action is thought to be via release of the neurotransmitter ser ...
... amphetamine drugs, a capacity to increase blood pressure and heart rate. MDMA does produce some perceptual changes in the form of increased sensitivity to light, difficulty in focusing, and blurred vision in some users. Its mechanism of action is thought to be via release of the neurotransmitter ser ...
Revised: May 2015 AN: 00567/2014 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT
... The safety of the product has not been established in pigs or calves when administered by the intravenous route and use of this route of administration is not recommended in these animal groups. Degenerative changes of articular cartilage were observed in calves treated orally with 30 mg enrofloxaci ...
... The safety of the product has not been established in pigs or calves when administered by the intravenous route and use of this route of administration is not recommended in these animal groups. Degenerative changes of articular cartilage were observed in calves treated orally with 30 mg enrofloxaci ...
english, pdf
... Also, to give a new lease of life to a patented product whose patent term is about to expire, the formulation and development of the drug into a new dosage form like ODT allows pharmaceutical companies to enjoy market exclusivity (9). Formulation of ODT has been studied as one of the ways to improve ...
... Also, to give a new lease of life to a patented product whose patent term is about to expire, the formulation and development of the drug into a new dosage form like ODT allows pharmaceutical companies to enjoy market exclusivity (9). Formulation of ODT has been studied as one of the ways to improve ...
ANTINOCICEPTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF ALKALOID FRACTION OF TRICHOPUS ZEYLANICUS GAERTN.
... drug.18 On intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid produced abdominal constriction followed by extension of hind limb. It is due to sensitization of pain receptor by increasing the concentration of prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2α) in peritoneal fluid.19,20 AFTZ showed dose dependent antinocicep ...
... drug.18 On intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid produced abdominal constriction followed by extension of hind limb. It is due to sensitization of pain receptor by increasing the concentration of prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2α) in peritoneal fluid.19,20 AFTZ showed dose dependent antinocicep ...
Neonatal Unit Oral and Intravenous Drug Administration Workbook
... This is self-explanatory but here are some good practice guidelines: 1. DON’T confuse your practice. For example, by trying to keep one hand clean and the other dirty. This will make things more difficult. 2. Important- TOUCH non-key parts with confidence - this will make the procedure easier for yo ...
... This is self-explanatory but here are some good practice guidelines: 1. DON’T confuse your practice. For example, by trying to keep one hand clean and the other dirty. This will make things more difficult. 2. Important- TOUCH non-key parts with confidence - this will make the procedure easier for yo ...
2. Antibody drug conjugates
... Fig.4. Drug release in a plasma stability study of anti-MUC16 TDC in vitro. An aliquot of 100 lg/ml anti-MUC16 TDC (DAR 2) was incubated in plasma from different spec and buffer control (PBS with 0.5% BSA) at 37 !C for up to 96 h. Samples were collected at different time points and analyzed by affin ...
... Fig.4. Drug release in a plasma stability study of anti-MUC16 TDC in vitro. An aliquot of 100 lg/ml anti-MUC16 TDC (DAR 2) was incubated in plasma from different spec and buffer control (PBS with 0.5% BSA) at 37 !C for up to 96 h. Samples were collected at different time points and analyzed by affin ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.