Adsorption Properties of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride onto Graphene
... the undesired effects without reducing drug potency, DOX is usually encapsulated into drug delivery vehicles that have the ability to protect the molecule of interest and selectively target specific compartments without adversely affecting the surrounding tissues [1]. Currently, commonly used drug d ...
... the undesired effects without reducing drug potency, DOX is usually encapsulated into drug delivery vehicles that have the ability to protect the molecule of interest and selectively target specific compartments without adversely affecting the surrounding tissues [1]. Currently, commonly used drug d ...
Synthetic Organic Chemistry - Name
... Fig.1 Structure of (LiC2H5)4 with tetrahedral geometry NMR studies also indicate that methyl lithium retains the tetrameric solid state structure in solution. The structures of (Li-R)4 units i.e tetrameric depicted by X2 ...
... Fig.1 Structure of (LiC2H5)4 with tetrahedral geometry NMR studies also indicate that methyl lithium retains the tetrameric solid state structure in solution. The structures of (Li-R)4 units i.e tetrameric depicted by X2 ...
PDF Full-text
... bacterial growth showed the reduction of resazurin caused by bacterial metabolism, which was observed after two days of incubation. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was expressed as the lowest concentration of the drug that inhibited Mtb-growth or prevented change in color of the resazurin ...
... bacterial growth showed the reduction of resazurin caused by bacterial metabolism, which was observed after two days of incubation. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was expressed as the lowest concentration of the drug that inhibited Mtb-growth or prevented change in color of the resazurin ...
PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPOSITORIES & PESSARIES Ms.WAJIHA
... suitable for insertion into the vagina. They contain one or more active substances dispersed or dissolved in a suitable bases that may be soluble or dispersible in water or may melt at body temperature. Excipients such as diluents, adsorbents, surface-active agents, lubricants, antimicrobial preserv ...
... suitable for insertion into the vagina. They contain one or more active substances dispersed or dissolved in a suitable bases that may be soluble or dispersible in water or may melt at body temperature. Excipients such as diluents, adsorbents, surface-active agents, lubricants, antimicrobial preserv ...
In vitro metabolism of sirolimus: role of CYP3A4 and - HAL
... the hepatic metabolism of everolimus. In contrast, the metabolism of tacrolimus, used as positive control, was substantially higher in microsomes derived from CYP3A5 expressers, a genotype effect consistent with numerous clinical reports (3, 10-12). We found that CYP3A4 is a better catalyst of evero ...
... the hepatic metabolism of everolimus. In contrast, the metabolism of tacrolimus, used as positive control, was substantially higher in microsomes derived from CYP3A5 expressers, a genotype effect consistent with numerous clinical reports (3, 10-12). We found that CYP3A4 is a better catalyst of evero ...
Warfarin-herb interactions: a review and study based on assessment
... safe. A major safety concern is the potential interactions of alternative medicinal products with prescription medications like anticoagulants. Herbs that may augment or inhibit the effects of anti-coagulant or antiplatelet therapy are of particular interest because this therapy is so widespread. Th ...
... safe. A major safety concern is the potential interactions of alternative medicinal products with prescription medications like anticoagulants. Herbs that may augment or inhibit the effects of anti-coagulant or antiplatelet therapy are of particular interest because this therapy is so widespread. Th ...
A review on pharmacological property of Mimusops elengi Linn.
... made from the dried flowers induces nasal discharge and relieves headache [6]. Fruits are used as astringent, coolant and anthelmintic. The tender stems are used as tooth brushes, and in cystorrhea, diarrhea and dysentery [5]. Flowers are brain tonic and are useful as snuff to relieve cephalalgia [7 ...
... made from the dried flowers induces nasal discharge and relieves headache [6]. Fruits are used as astringent, coolant and anthelmintic. The tender stems are used as tooth brushes, and in cystorrhea, diarrhea and dysentery [5]. Flowers are brain tonic and are useful as snuff to relieve cephalalgia [7 ...
Development of Fast Dispersible Aceclofenac Tablets: Effect of
... Because of changes in various physiological functions associated with aging including difÞculty in swallowing, administration of intact tablet may lead to poor patient compliance and ineffective therapy. The paediatric and geriatrics patients are of particular concern. To overcome this, dispersible ...
... Because of changes in various physiological functions associated with aging including difÞculty in swallowing, administration of intact tablet may lead to poor patient compliance and ineffective therapy. The paediatric and geriatrics patients are of particular concern. To overcome this, dispersible ...
10.4103-2229-4708.97718
... substances and drug products. Determination of impurities during the development of separation methods is one of the main and difficult tasks for pharmaceutical analysts, especially if more and more impurities of closely related structure require determination. Methods are available for the estimati ...
... substances and drug products. Determination of impurities during the development of separation methods is one of the main and difficult tasks for pharmaceutical analysts, especially if more and more impurities of closely related structure require determination. Methods are available for the estimati ...
A Multifaceted GABAA Receptor Modulator
... between these drugs in these recordings seems to support the clinical observations (Pfeiffer et al., 1968; Saxena et al., 1977). Whereas the therapeutic and psychotropic effects of methaqualone arguably have been comprehensively documented, the molecular basis for these effects has never been invest ...
... between these drugs in these recordings seems to support the clinical observations (Pfeiffer et al., 1968; Saxena et al., 1977). Whereas the therapeutic and psychotropic effects of methaqualone arguably have been comprehensively documented, the molecular basis for these effects has never been invest ...
Atmospheric Formation_TELTEK
... temperature range 299 – 426 K and reported a negative Arrhenius activation energy, kOH(T) = 2.89×10-11 × exp{(245 ± 150)K/T} and kOH = (6.54 ± 0.66) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K. Carl and Crowley12 reported a room temperature value in perfect agreement with the results of Atkinson et al., kOH ...
... temperature range 299 – 426 K and reported a negative Arrhenius activation energy, kOH(T) = 2.89×10-11 × exp{(245 ± 150)K/T} and kOH = (6.54 ± 0.66) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K. Carl and Crowley12 reported a room temperature value in perfect agreement with the results of Atkinson et al., kOH ...
St. John`s Wort - American Botanical Council
... In general, SJW produces few adverse side effects. Between October 1991 and December 1999, over 8 million patients are estimated to have been treated with Germany’s leading SJW preparation with only 95 reports of side effects. These included ...
... In general, SJW produces few adverse side effects. Between October 1991 and December 1999, over 8 million patients are estimated to have been treated with Germany’s leading SJW preparation with only 95 reports of side effects. These included ...
Hydrocortisone, Hydrocortisone Acetate, Hydrocortisone
... corticosteroid preparation or oral administration of a corticosteroid should be considered. Dosage for infants and children should be based on the severity of the disease and the response of the patient rather than on strict adherence to dosage indicated by age, body weight, or body surface area. Af ...
... corticosteroid preparation or oral administration of a corticosteroid should be considered. Dosage for infants and children should be based on the severity of the disease and the response of the patient rather than on strict adherence to dosage indicated by age, body weight, or body surface area. Af ...
Specification and sample assessment material - Edexcel
... An internationally recognised option within Edexcel’s learning pathways for students Depending on the learning approach that suits them, and the progression route that they wish to follow, different learning pathways can suit different students. For many, especially those capable of progression to ...
... An internationally recognised option within Edexcel’s learning pathways for students Depending on the learning approach that suits them, and the progression route that they wish to follow, different learning pathways can suit different students. For many, especially those capable of progression to ...
Clearing of Metabolic Waste via Enterohepatic Recirculation Table
... Hormones Hormones are one such set of recycled substances. These endogenous (internally derived) signal molecules are secreted by endocrine glands. Hormones are filtered from the bloodstream by the liver and placed in the bile. That hormones are recycled through the enterohepatic recirculation is cl ...
... Hormones Hormones are one such set of recycled substances. These endogenous (internally derived) signal molecules are secreted by endocrine glands. Hormones are filtered from the bloodstream by the liver and placed in the bile. That hormones are recycled through the enterohepatic recirculation is cl ...
code of alabama 1975
... Substances intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease in man or animals. (c) Substances (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or animals. (d) Substances intended for use as a component of any article specifi ...
... Substances intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease in man or animals. (c) Substances (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or animals. (d) Substances intended for use as a component of any article specifi ...
Procedures for Administering Injectable Drugs
... In line with the Joint British Diabetes Society guideline for managing diabetic ketoacidosis, and to cover existing practice on Torrington ICU, the following statement has been added to the Potassium Chloride monograph: “In adults, the rate of administration may be increased to 40mmol/hour in the ...
... In line with the Joint British Diabetes Society guideline for managing diabetic ketoacidosis, and to cover existing practice on Torrington ICU, the following statement has been added to the Potassium Chloride monograph: “In adults, the rate of administration may be increased to 40mmol/hour in the ...
Cannabis - Mister Gui
... form consists primarily of glandular trichomes collected from the same plant material. The major biologically active chemical compound in cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly referred to as THC. It has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed, usually by smoking or ingestion. Th ...
... form consists primarily of glandular trichomes collected from the same plant material. The major biologically active chemical compound in cannabis is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly referred to as THC. It has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed, usually by smoking or ingestion. Th ...
Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Cocaine
... alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist prazosin produced rightward shifts in cocaine dose-response functions in monkeys trained to discriminate either low or high doses of cocaine from saline, although it has not been reported to antagonize the DS effects of cocaine in rats. It could be that species and/or t ...
... alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist prazosin produced rightward shifts in cocaine dose-response functions in monkeys trained to discriminate either low or high doses of cocaine from saline, although it has not been reported to antagonize the DS effects of cocaine in rats. It could be that species and/or t ...
B N ULLETI I N F O R M A T I O...
... associated with GHB abuse and may resemble the results of alcohol intoxication. GHB analogs also may increase libido, suggestibility, passivity, and cause amnesia—traits that make users vulnerable to sexual assault and other criminal acts. Users awakening or emerging from coma may exhibit extreme co ...
... associated with GHB abuse and may resemble the results of alcohol intoxication. GHB analogs also may increase libido, suggestibility, passivity, and cause amnesia—traits that make users vulnerable to sexual assault and other criminal acts. Users awakening or emerging from coma may exhibit extreme co ...
Preparation and Evaluation of Soft Gellan Gum Gel Containing
... dosage form outpasses the liquid dosage form from the viewpoints of patient acceptance and an attractive appearance. The problem of dose measurement by patients is outweighed as oral medicated gels are to be packed in unit dose. The gel dosage form can be versatile in nature in the sense that it can ...
... dosage form outpasses the liquid dosage form from the viewpoints of patient acceptance and an attractive appearance. The problem of dose measurement by patients is outweighed as oral medicated gels are to be packed in unit dose. The gel dosage form can be versatile in nature in the sense that it can ...
Stability considerations in liquid dosage forms extemporaneously
... who are unable to swallow solid dosage forms such as tablets or capsules; (iii) patients who must receive medications via nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes; and (iv) patients who require non-standard doses that are more easily and accurately measured by using a liquid formulation (1-10). It is common ...
... who are unable to swallow solid dosage forms such as tablets or capsules; (iii) patients who must receive medications via nasogastric or gastrostomy tubes; and (iv) patients who require non-standard doses that are more easily and accurately measured by using a liquid formulation (1-10). It is common ...
Aggarwal Shweta et al. IRJP 2013, 4 (2) INTERNATIONAL
... NH3+. A great number of chitosan derivatives have been obtained by grafting new functional groups on the chitosan backbone. The chemical modifications (quaternization, acylation, cyclodextrin, encapsulation, thiolation etc) afford a wide range of derivatives with modified properties for specific app ...
... NH3+. A great number of chitosan derivatives have been obtained by grafting new functional groups on the chitosan backbone. The chemical modifications (quaternization, acylation, cyclodextrin, encapsulation, thiolation etc) afford a wide range of derivatives with modified properties for specific app ...
London 2012 Paralympic Games Pharmacy Guide
... including the specific requirements for controlled drugs, is contained in the London 2012 Customs and Freight Forwarding Guide. The guide may be accessed through The Exchange, LOCOG’s secure extranet for NPCs, at https://theexchange.london2012.com. In most situations, UK medicines legislation does n ...
... including the specific requirements for controlled drugs, is contained in the London 2012 Customs and Freight Forwarding Guide. The guide may be accessed through The Exchange, LOCOG’s secure extranet for NPCs, at https://theexchange.london2012.com. In most situations, UK medicines legislation does n ...
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered through identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. Since sequencing of the human genome which allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, it will begin the process of drug development prior to clinical trials. One or more of these steps may, but not necessarily, involve computer-aided drug design. Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, ""expensive, difficult, and inefficient process"" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity (NME) was approximately US$1.8 billion. Drug discovery is done by pharmaceutical companies, with research assistance from universities. The ""final product"" of drug discovery is a patent on the potential drug. The drug requires very expensive Phase I, II and III clinical trials, and most of them fail. Small companies have a critical role, often then selling the rights to larger companies that have the resources to run the clinical trials.Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.