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... antibiotics would severely hinder the capability to control these infections. The population of greatest concern would be hospital patient, particularly those who have impaired immune systems. Immunosupressed individuals will have very little resistance to infections and rely heavily on antibiotics ...
Antigenically-related Viruses Associated with Infectious Bursal
Antigenically-related Viruses Associated with Infectious Bursal

... Winterfield & Hitchner, 1962). The disease specifically affects the bursa of Fabricius, initially causing severe oedema followed by atrophy. The disease is of interest, not only from a commercial viewpoint, but also immunologically, as young birds affected by the disease are unable to cope satisfact ...
LTG BLANCK
LTG BLANCK

... “…probably the most sophisticated diagnostic and research laboratory in all of Southeast Asia.” U.S. Institute of Medicine report on DoD-GEIS, 2001 ...
A Case of Atypical Urticaria
A Case of Atypical Urticaria

... Clinicians are often faced with diseases presenting with fever and rash that have both infectious and noninfectious causes. The most common infectious causes are viral diseases and toxic shock syndrome, whereas drug reactions and connective tissue diseases are most common among the noninfectious cau ...
EEE (Eastern Equine Encephalitis)
EEE (Eastern Equine Encephalitis)

... The virus that causes EEE is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. In Massachusetts, the virus is most often identified in mosquitoes found in and around freshwater, hardwood swamps. More information about different types of mosquitoes that can spread the virus can be found on the MDPH we ...
bvd the disease - Animal Health Ireland
bvd the disease - Animal Health Ireland

... trade or otherwise, then it would become transiently infected (TI) for a short period before becoming immune and developing antibodies. TI animals are much less efficient transmitters of virus than PI animals but nonetheless can transmit the virus. In addition, if the animal becomes TI during early ...
Share story Patients warned - Plumbers certified in Washington State
Share story Patients warned - Plumbers certified in Washington State

... The Legionnaires’ cases come more than a year after UWMC was cited by the state Department of Labor & Industries for violations that included detection of low levels of Legionella bacteria in a hospital cooling tower, a specialized device that helps heat and cool buildings year round. The hospital w ...
Theileria parva infections
Theileria parva infections

... carriers. For this reason, the treatment of Theileria parva infections in some countries, like South Africa, has been prohibited. Corridor disease responds to treatment with buparvaquone and halofuginone, but as the course of the disease is usually short it may be difficult to institute treatment in ...
Paramyxoviruses
Paramyxoviruses

... Congenital rubella is caused by the destructive action of the rubella virus on the fetus at a critical time in development. The most critical time is the first trimester (the first 3 months of a pregnancy). After the fourth month, the mother's rubella infection is less likely to harm the developing ...
DEFINISI ZOONOSIS
DEFINISI ZOONOSIS

... Departement of Parasitology ...
Lecture 25-Tuberculosis
Lecture 25-Tuberculosis

... • Treatment for Latent TB Infection • Treatment for TB Disease • TB Infection Control ...
TB 2015
TB 2015

... • Treatment for Latent TB Infection • Treatment for TB Disease • TB Infection Control ...
HIV
HIV

... Oral Health Fact Sheet for Medical Professionals Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is a syndrome resulting from the acquired deficiency of cellular immunity caused by a complex family of lentiviruses. These are composed of 2 sub types HIV-1 a ...
a historical review of the Measles virus, vaccine and outbreaks
a historical review of the Measles virus, vaccine and outbreaks

... http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timelines/measles Pediatrics PerspectiveThe First Measles Vaccine. Jeffrey P. Baker, MD, PhD Pediatrics. Vol 128 no 3, September ...
MUMPS
MUMPS

... Measles is spread via the droplet and airborne routes, from person to person. It is highly contagious to those who are not immune. The infectious period is 1-2 days before onset of symptoms (3-5 days before onset of rash) to 4 days after appearance of the rash. The incubation period (time from acqui ...
Myocarditis - Wellington ICU
Myocarditis - Wellington ICU

... myocardial biopsy: diagnosis based on Dallas criteria enterovirus PCR/serology parvovirus B19 PCR/serology HHV6 PCR/serology ...
the Ebola Virus Disease Frequently Asked Questions and
the Ebola Virus Disease Frequently Asked Questions and

... As we have learned from the international press and media, the World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized the Ebola virus as a ”Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)”. The disease is often fatal with death rates up to 90%. According to the United States Centers for Disease Co ...
Gerald Stokka`s PowerPoint® Presentation
Gerald Stokka`s PowerPoint® Presentation

... No relation between titers after vaccination, on day of challenge and birth of PI calves. Challenge model must allow enough time for fetal infection to occur, in this study several calves born with active immunity indicating fetal infection occurred at least 1 month after challenge. Infection may ha ...
Fever of Unknown Origin Definitions
Fever of Unknown Origin Definitions

... o Occurs after exposure to animal urine, contaminated soil or water (swimming) or infected animal tissue  Malaria o Splenomegaly typically accompanies fever o Should be considered in patients with history of travel to endemic areas, can present months after travel  Mycobacterial o Extrapulmonary t ...
Phenotypic diversity in acquired human prion diseases
Phenotypic diversity in acquired human prion diseases

... • “Prions are transmissible particles that are devoid of nucleic acid and seem to be composed entirely of a modified protein (PrPSc).” • “The normal, cellular PrP (PrPC) is converted into PrPSc through a post-translational process during which it acquires a high beta-sheet content.” Prusiner SB, Pro ...
VTMD-3925 Prevention of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses
VTMD-3925 Prevention of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses

... caused by a mosquito-borne virus. This virus was first recognized in the U.S. in August of 1999. Since then, more than 25,000 cases of WNV encephalitis have been reported in U.S. horses. The virus has been identified in the continental U.S. as well a much of Canada and Mexico. Several Central and So ...
PART A – To be completed by employee
PART A – To be completed by employee

... Employee’s Signature: ________________________________ Date: ________________ ...
Introduction to Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Introduction to Infectious Disease Epidemiology

PART A – To be completed by employee
PART A – To be completed by employee

... Employee’s Signature: ________________________________ Date: ________________ ...
Endemic equine viral disease down under 1
Endemic equine viral disease down under 1

... August 2007, resulting in widespread respiratory disease and disruption to equine industries until containment and eradication of the virus. Australia was declared officially free of EI in June 2008. while Australia is one of few countries that has successfully eradicated EI, the widespread outbreak ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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