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Human West Nile virus infection in Bosnia and
Human West Nile virus infection in Bosnia and

... genus Culex. Mammals can also be infected, but are considered dead end hosts because viraemia is generally too low to infect mosquitoes (2). West Nile virus was first identified in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937 in a woman who presented with a mild febrile illness (3). During the next deca ...
Germs Go Global - Trust for America`s Health
Germs Go Global - Trust for America`s Health

... witnessed a resurgence of dengue fever and its most serious manifestation, dengue haemorrhagic fever.18 This past year, Brazil reported its first outbreak of yellow fever in urban areas since the 1940s.19 Malaria, nearly eliminated in the U.S., is rampant in developing countries, particularly in sub ...
8.0 Pest Management
8.0 Pest Management

... Objective 8.01 • Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest. ...
Detection and Identification of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in
Detection and Identification of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in

... Abstract— The bursal Infectious disease (IBD) is an acute and highly contagious viral infection of immature chickens. A total of 76 poultry farms in areas around Sulaimania region was sampled to investigate the infection with the infectious bursal disease in broiler chickens. Out of 76 poultry farms ...
print version - Healthcare Purchasing News
print version - Healthcare Purchasing News

... and Development Authority (BARDA), which plans for public health emergencies, is also almost out of money, the Health and Human Services Department says. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention director Dr. Thomas Frieden has already said his agency has run through all its borrowed Zika money. Th ...
8.0 Pest Management
8.0 Pest Management

... Objective 8.01 • Discuss the anatomy and life cycle of pest. ...
Christopher Vinnard - Public Health Research Institute
Christopher Vinnard - Public Health Research Institute

... LF; POWER-UP Research Group. 2013. Gender differences in the relationship between symptoms of depression and high-sensitivity CRP. International Journal of Obesity (London). 37Suppl1:S3843. PMID 23921781. 18. Yates F, Janakiraman A, Headly A, Linkin DR, Vinnard C. 2014. Attitudes towards latent tube ...
Biosafety-Post-Exp-SOP-HCV - UCLA Office of Environment
Biosafety-Post-Exp-SOP-HCV - UCLA Office of Environment

... Signs and Symptoms which might be anticipated if exposed to this virus Hepatitis C Virus Hepatitis (HCV) is a single stranded, small, positive sense RNA, enveloped virus. The primary routes of infection are parenteral or sexual exposures. Healthcare worker needlestick exposures to infected blood hav ...
Rapid communications
Rapid communications

... for HAT, however, there is no dedicated structure for surveillance in Burundi, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, ...
6.19 Rare diseases - World Health Organization
6.19 Rare diseases - World Health Organization

... For many rare diseases, basic knowledge such as the cause of the disease, pathophysiology, natural course of the disease and epidemiological data is limited or not available. This significantly hampers the ability to both diagnose and treat these diseases. To address this challenge, public funding o ...
personal protective equipment guidelines for first responders
personal protective equipment guidelines for first responders

... "respiratory etiquette" and the use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) as well as recommendations for preventive health care measures for EMS providers. A novel Swine Flu virus has been identified in persons with respiratory infections in Texas. Since this is a novel virus most Texas residents w ...
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Human Monocyte Cultures: Dose
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Human Monocyte Cultures: Dose

... It could be argued that in the case of productive infection the virus initially did not adsorb to monocytes but remained in the culture medium until sufficient differentiation had taken place. This is unlikely, however, because practically no infectious virus could be detected in these cultures duri ...
Disease Eradication
Disease Eradication

... disease means worldwide interruption of transmission, whereas elimination means interruption of transmission in a limited geographic area. The term “elimination” is often used imprecisely.8 For example, the World Health Assembly resolutions in 1986 and 1989 referred to the “elimination” of dracuncul ...
Lumpy Skin Disease Abstract - Reproductive Immunology: Open
Lumpy Skin Disease Abstract - Reproductive Immunology: Open

... infertility, abortion, and sometimes death. Moreover, severe and permanent damage can occur to hides, decreasing their commercial value. The more susceptible breeds to LSD infection are related to fine-skinned breeds such as Holstein Friesian (HF) and Jersey breeds [1,2]. In addition, the disease di ...
What is hepatitis A virus (HAV)? Transmission • Anal/oral contact, by
What is hepatitis A virus (HAV)? Transmission • Anal/oral contact, by

... Hepatitis A vaccines, are made from inactivated (killed) hepatitis A virus. It is highly effective in preventing the hepatitis A infection. Check with your doctor to determine how many shots are needed. The vaccine provides protection two to four weeks after the first injection. A second injection r ...
Thinking research needs
Thinking research needs

... 980 million people live in “trapped countries,” 58 nations “clearly heading toward what might be described as a black hole.”  70 percent of the bottom billion live in Africa; most of the rest in Central Asia  Average life expectancy in the bottom billion is 50 years  Around one in seven children ...
32201
32201

... 980 million people live in “trapped countries,” 58 nations “clearly heading toward what might be described as a black hole.”  70 percent of the bottom billion live in Africa; most of the rest in Central Asia  Average life expectancy in the bottom billion is 50 years  Around one in seven children ...
BPRC Achievements - Biomedical Primate Research Centre
BPRC Achievements - Biomedical Primate Research Centre

... Infectious diseases (cont.) ...
What is it? Mevalonate kinase deficiency is a genetic disease. It is
What is it? Mevalonate kinase deficiency is a genetic disease. It is

... Is the disease the same in every child? It is not the same in every child. Moreover, the type, duration and severity of attacks may be different each time, even in the same child. Is the disease in children different from the disease in adults? As patients grow up, the fever attacks tend to become f ...
History of Immunization in Sri Lanka
History of Immunization in Sri Lanka

... Lanka, the last case of virologically confirmed poliomyelitis patient was reported in 1993. In Sri Lanka, the introduction of routine immunization has generally reduced the incidence of several vaccine preventable diseases. Similar success in disease reduction has been demonstrated by immunization p ...
Infectious Diseases
Infectious Diseases

... Infectious Diseases ...
Fungal Diseases also known as mycosis
Fungal Diseases also known as mycosis

... susceptible to thrush include adults whose immune systems have been weakened by antibiotics, steroids, or, most commonly, AIDS. Infants can become infected during birth if the mother has a vaginal yeast infection. When the curdlike discharge is removed from patches of thrush, raw and bleeding areas ...
Ebola Virus Disease Frequently Asked Questions for the General
Ebola Virus Disease Frequently Asked Questions for the General

... approved vaccines available for Ebola but research is ongoing. ...
Forth medicineSyllabus - HMU College of Medicine > Home
Forth medicineSyllabus - HMU College of Medicine > Home

... 1. Students are expected to attend all classes and to complete all assignments for courses in which they are enrolled. 2. An absence does not relieve the student of the responsibility to complete all assignments. 3. If an absence is associated with a university-sanctioned activity, the instructor wi ...
antibody response in chicks vaccinated against infectious bronchitis
antibody response in chicks vaccinated against infectious bronchitis

... for monitoring vaccinations. The most popular technique under field the conditions is the indirect ELISA test since it can detect antibodies. The popularity of the ELISA method under field conditions is due to its simplicity, speed, low cost and the fact that a large number of samples can be examine ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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