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Tumors of the Lung and Upper Respiratory Tract
Tumors of the Lung and Upper Respiratory Tract

... • It is associated with a high incidence of complications, such as lung abscess and empyema. • Right-sided staphylococcal endocarditis is a serious complication of intravenous drug abuse. • It is also an important cause of nosocomial pneumonia ...
INVASION OF DENTINAL TUBULES BY ORAL BACTERIA
INVASION OF DENTINAL TUBULES BY ORAL BACTERIA

... which will lead to periapical disease. However, bacteria that are associated with an infected root canal differ from those primarily associated with dental caries. Thus, although streptococci and Actinomyces are major components of dental plaque (Jenkinson and Lamont, 1997) and may initiate tubule a ...
Review - Wound Infection Institute
Review - Wound Infection Institute

... aeruginosa and S aureus and tested the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a range of antibiotics indicated for each type of bacteria.[30] While the MIC values for the planktonic form of each strain were as expected, the minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) were generally 100 to ...
Salmonella - Medical Students
Salmonella - Medical Students

... =antibacterial susceptibility testing may be performed reliably by either dilution or diffusion method =dilution susceptibility testing methods are used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration or MIC, usually in microgram per milliliter, of an antimicrobial agent required to inhibit or kil ...
MEASLES
MEASLES

... 5. Individuals born before 1957 are considered ...
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... Polio used to be a big killer. Today (September 2012) polio has been eradicated in all but three countries worldwide - Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan, according to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the United Nations. Who gets polio? Like many other infectious diseases, polio victims tend ...
Tularemia - The Center for Food Security and Public Health
Tularemia - The Center for Food Security and Public Health

Guide to Infection Control in the Hospital 4th Edition
Guide to Infection Control in the Hospital 4th Edition

... Bloodstream and pulmonary infections carry the highest mortality rates, approximately 25–30% in developed countries. It has been shown that nosocomial infections are equivalent to the 8th leading cause of death in the U.S., even if one examines only nosocomial bloodstream infections. There should be ...
MODULE 6 Communication - World Health Organization
MODULE 6 Communication - World Health Organization

... Parents view that infectious disease is a thing of the past Some parents in countries such as the USA and western Europe may feel that exposing a child to even a small potential risk from vaccination is unnecessary because they assume that infectious diseases are ‘a thing of the past’. Parents have ...
Manual for Investigation and Control of Communicable Diseases in
Manual for Investigation and Control of Communicable Diseases in

... flaccid paralysis. Although rare, botulism is a serious illness caused by a nerve toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. There are six kinds of botulism:  Foodborne botulism is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin.  Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from ...
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute... Sinusitis in Children Aged 1 to 18 Years
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute... Sinusitis in Children Aged 1 to 18 Years

... often, the nasal discharge begins as clear and watery. Often, however, the quality of nasal discharge changes during the course of the illness. Typically, the nasal discharge becomes thicker and more mucoid and may become purulent (thick, colored, and opaque) for several days. Then the situation rev ...
Scientific Programme
Scientific Programme

... We are pleased to offer you an excellent scientific programme, running over four days, with stimulating keynote lectures and symposia on parallel tracks with the involvement of a high number of internationally-renowned experts. The programme provides an unique opportunity for debate, discussion and ...
Bacterial impact on wound healing: From contamination to infection
Bacterial impact on wound healing: From contamination to infection

Chapter 37 - INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOMYELITIS
Chapter 37 - INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOMYELITIS

... Arthritis related to infection can be regarded as septic, reactive, or postinfectious.1 Septic arthritis occurs when a viable infectious agent is present or has been present in the synovial space. Although direct bacterial infection of the joint constitutes the most widely recognized form of septic ...
Multidrug Efflux Systems in Microaerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria
Multidrug Efflux Systems in Microaerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria

... Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a gram-positive, facultative bacterium which can grow under oxygen-limited condition by fermentation or nitrate respiration [54]. It can cause a broad range of infectious diseases in humans, ranging from minor skin infections such as pimples, to life-threatening ...
IH0100: Additional Precautions For All Care Areas
IH0100: Additional Precautions For All Care Areas

... Routine practices properly and consistently applied should prevent transmission by the contact and droplet routes. For certain situations that may result in extensive contamination of the environment or for microorganisms with a very low infectious dose, additional precautions may be indicated. Thes ...
CMV
CMV

... Infection with CMV is ubiquitous, occurring in all populations and socioeconomic groups throughout the year without any seasonal variation. Person-to-person transmission of CMV occurs by close contact with infected body fluids and secretions. CMV can be isolated from body tissues and fluids such as ...
Sherris Medical Microbiology : An Introduction to Infectious Diseases
Sherris Medical Microbiology : An Introduction to Infectious Diseases

... texts available. The chapter on dental microbiology has been updated to serve the needs of dental students. Much new material has been included, but in order to keep the student from being overwhelmed, older or less important information has been deleted to keep the size of this book approximately t ...
Guide to Preventing Clostridium difficile Infections
Guide to Preventing Clostridium difficile Infections

... pseudomembranous colitis in patients treated with antibiotics.2,3 Pseudomembranous colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon that develops in response to toxins produced by microorganisms. This process occurs when the normal microbiota of the intestinal tract are disrupted, which usually hap ...
View Full Text-PDF
View Full Text-PDF

... Economic status of the patient was also included in the study, in which it is high in poor. The prevalence is seen high in age group above 50 years and poor class people. Adults with chronic illnesses, who reside in nursing homes, who have recently been treated with antibiotics, or who are alcoholic ...
Full Text  - Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and
Full Text - Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and

... Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus (11). For example, infections caused by methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of infections in hospitals and communities in most parts of the world (12). Therefore, ...
The uvea - TOP Recommended Websites
The uvea - TOP Recommended Websites

... usually – children the soil of parks and playgrounds is commonly contaminated with the eggs larvae migrate through the intestine wall to the blood, encystes in various tissues ( eye, brain, liver,..) ...
Heat: Session 1 - The Open University
Heat: Session 1 - The Open University

... 4, you learned that some diseases are preventable by immunization with vaccines. Many different types of vaccines are available, and these can be enormously successful in preventing some of the major communicable diseases particularly those that affect children if they are used correctly. This Modul ...
Murine Typhus: An Unrecognized Suburban Vectorborne Disease
Murine Typhus: An Unrecognized Suburban Vectorborne Disease

... the population of appropriate flea vectors than it does to reservoirs. Fleas propagate most successfully in hot, dry environments. Thus, murine typhus often follows a seasonal distribution. In areas of the world affected by the classic rat-flea-rat cycle, most cases have been documented in the late ...
Guide to Preventing Clostridium difficile Infections
Guide to Preventing Clostridium difficile Infections

... pseudomembranous colitis in patients treated with antibiotics.2,3 Pseudomembranous colitis is an inflammatory condition of the colon that develops in response to toxins produced by microorganisms. This process occurs when the normal microbiota of the intestinal tract are disrupted, which usually hap ...
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Gastroenteritis



Gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhea is a medical condition from inflammation (""-itis"") of the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach (""gastro""-) and the small intestine (""entero""-). It causes some combination of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and cramping. Dehydration may occur as a result. Gastroenteritis has been referred to as gastro, stomach bug, and stomach virus. Although unrelated to influenza, it has also been called stomach flu and gastric flu.Globally, most cases in children are caused by rotavirus. In adults, norovirus and Campylobacter are more common. Less common causes include other bacteria (or their toxins) and parasites. Transmission may occur due to consumption of improperly prepared foods or contaminated water or via close contact with individuals who are infectious. Prevention includes drinking clean water, hand washing with soap, and breast feeding babies instead of using formula. This applies particularly where sanitation and hygiene are lacking. The rotavirus vaccine is recommended for all children.The key treatment is enough fluids. For mild or moderate cases, this can typically be achieved via oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts, and sugar). In those who are breast fed, continued breast feeding is recommended. For more severe cases, intravenous fluids from a healthcare centre may be needed. Antibiotics are generally not recommended. Gastroenteritis primarily affects children and those in the developing world. It results in about three to five billion cases and causes 1.4 million deaths a year.
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