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Thursday, March 27, 2008
Thursday, March 27, 2008

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment

AP Chemistry Summer Assignment
AP Chemistry Summer Assignment

... 2. mass of empty crucible and cover 18.82 g. 3. mass of crucible, cover, and contents after heating to constant mass 20.94 g. Calculate the experimental percent of water in the compound. 26. How do you distinguish: a. An element from a compound. b. An element from a mixture. c. A true solution from ...
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... other. Accuracy Refers to how close a measurement is to the real value. Systematic error Values that are either all higher or all lower than the actual value. Random Error In the absence of systematic error, some values that are higher and some that are lower than the actual value. ...
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... 73. An open flask contains 0.200 mol of air.  Atmospheric pressure is 745 mmHg and room  temperature is 68˚F.  How many moles are present in the flask when the pressure is 1.10 atm  and the temperature is 33˚C?  ...
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... Label the above phase diagram for H2O, include all 6 possible transitions between phases. Explain how the addition or removal of energy can cause a phase change. What phase changes release energy? and what phase changes require energy? Explain why freezing is an exothermic change of state. Describe ...
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History of chemistry



The history of chemistry represents a time span from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis to the various branches of chemistry. Examples include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.The protoscience of chemistry, alchemy, was unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations. However, by performing experiments and recording the results, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry. The distinction began to emerge when a clear differentiation was made between chemistry and alchemy by Robert Boyle in his work The Sceptical Chymist (1661). While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and its transformations, chemists are seen as applying scientific method to their work.Chemistry is considered to have become an established science with the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who developed a law of conservation of mass that demanded careful measurement and quantitative observations of chemical phenomena. The history of chemistry is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs.
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