Electron - CoolHub
... used interchangeably as if they are the same thing. Explain to students that an atom is the smallest particle or “building block” of a substance. An element is a substance made up of all the same type of atom. For instance, a piece of pure carbon is made up of only carbon atoms. This piece of pure c ...
... used interchangeably as if they are the same thing. Explain to students that an atom is the smallest particle or “building block” of a substance. An element is a substance made up of all the same type of atom. For instance, a piece of pure carbon is made up of only carbon atoms. This piece of pure c ...
Page 1 MISE - Physical Basis of Chemistry First Set of Problems
... (2c) Through painstaking labor - and some luck - you determine that the atomic weight of Z (relative to unity for hydrogen) is about 32. Using this value for the atomic weight of Z, determine the atomic weight of X. Referring to a modern periodic table of the elements (which also lists hydrogen with ...
... (2c) Through painstaking labor - and some luck - you determine that the atomic weight of Z (relative to unity for hydrogen) is about 32. Using this value for the atomic weight of Z, determine the atomic weight of X. Referring to a modern periodic table of the elements (which also lists hydrogen with ...
chemistry - billpalmer
... atoms 2) All atoms of the same element are identical; different atoms are different 3) Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed 4) atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds 5) In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged ...
... atoms 2) All atoms of the same element are identical; different atoms are different 3) Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed 4) atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds 5) In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged ...
the Language of Chemistry
... He was the first person to make the distinction between organic and inorganic compounds. He introduced the classical system of chemical symbols in 1811, in which elements are abbreviated by one or two letters to make a distinct abbreviation from their Latin names. He developed the radical theory of ...
... He was the first person to make the distinction between organic and inorganic compounds. He introduced the classical system of chemical symbols in 1811, in which elements are abbreviated by one or two letters to make a distinct abbreviation from their Latin names. He developed the radical theory of ...
Ch. 20 - Chemical Bonds - Study Guide
... ____ 34. How many hydrogen atoms are present in TWO molecules of ammonium acetate, NH4C2H3O2? a. 6 c. 8 b. 24 d. 14 ____ 35. How many electron(s) are shared in a triple bond? a. three pairs c. three electrons b. one electron d. one pair ____ 36. A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together ...
... ____ 34. How many hydrogen atoms are present in TWO molecules of ammonium acetate, NH4C2H3O2? a. 6 c. 8 b. 24 d. 14 ____ 35. How many electron(s) are shared in a triple bond? a. three pairs c. three electrons b. one electron d. one pair ____ 36. A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together ...
physical setting chemistry
... (2) The first ionization energy increases and the electronegativity increases. (3) The first ionization energy decreases and the electronegativity increases. (4) The first ionization energy increases and the electronegativity decreases. ...
... (2) The first ionization energy increases and the electronegativity increases. (3) The first ionization energy decreases and the electronegativity increases. (4) The first ionization energy increases and the electronegativity decreases. ...
ionization 12.3.1
... It occurs when an atom or a molecule and their concomitant ions have energy states whereby the energy in two or more photons is absorbed. Negative ion chemical ionization See chemical ionization. Penning ionization Ionization occurs through the interaction of two or more neutral gaseous species, at ...
... It occurs when an atom or a molecule and their concomitant ions have energy states whereby the energy in two or more photons is absorbed. Negative ion chemical ionization See chemical ionization. Penning ionization Ionization occurs through the interaction of two or more neutral gaseous species, at ...
File - Grade 12 Chemistry
... Dispersion forces are very weak intermolecular forces that exist between molecules. When a carbon atom is bonded to another carbon atom, or to a hydrogen atom, the bond is not considered to be polar because the electronegativity difference between carbon atoms is zero and between carbon and hydrogen ...
... Dispersion forces are very weak intermolecular forces that exist between molecules. When a carbon atom is bonded to another carbon atom, or to a hydrogen atom, the bond is not considered to be polar because the electronegativity difference between carbon atoms is zero and between carbon and hydrogen ...
NSCC Chem 121 chapter2
... • An example of an isotope symbol is 28 Ni. This symbol represents an isotope of nickel that contains 28 protons and 32 neutrons in the nucleus. • Isotopes are also represented by the notation: Name-A, where Name is the name of the element and A is the mass number of the isotope. • An example of thi ...
... • An example of an isotope symbol is 28 Ni. This symbol represents an isotope of nickel that contains 28 protons and 32 neutrons in the nucleus. • Isotopes are also represented by the notation: Name-A, where Name is the name of the element and A is the mass number of the isotope. • An example of thi ...
Electrochemistry
... Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers (In order of priority): 1. The oxidation number of any pure element is _________. 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is __________ to its charge. 3. The ______ of the oxidation numbers in a compound is zero if ____________, or equal to the ___________ if ...
... Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers (In order of priority): 1. The oxidation number of any pure element is _________. 2. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is __________ to its charge. 3. The ______ of the oxidation numbers in a compound is zero if ____________, or equal to the ___________ if ...
Chem 11 Notes Booklet (pdf version)
... ◘ The modern periodic table arranges the elements in order of increasing atomic number. ◘ Metals are separated from nonmetals by the “staircase line”. metals - shiny, malleable, ductile, conductors of heat and electricity. ◘ The columns are families (groups) of elements having similar chemical prope ...
... ◘ The modern periodic table arranges the elements in order of increasing atomic number. ◘ Metals are separated from nonmetals by the “staircase line”. metals - shiny, malleable, ductile, conductors of heat and electricity. ◘ The columns are families (groups) of elements having similar chemical prope ...
covalent - Typepad
... electron to form ions that are isoelectric with a. helium. c. neon. b. oxygen. d. calcium. 2. Atoms of copper and iron a. generally form stable bonds with transition elements. b. have stable electron configurations. c. tend to form cations. d. tend to form anions. 3. An anion a. is an ion with a neg ...
... electron to form ions that are isoelectric with a. helium. c. neon. b. oxygen. d. calcium. 2. Atoms of copper and iron a. generally form stable bonds with transition elements. b. have stable electron configurations. c. tend to form cations. d. tend to form anions. 3. An anion a. is an ion with a neg ...
Support material for lesson planning – AS content
... Suggestions for suitable practical work are included throughout the table. This is by no means and exhaustive list of potential practical activities. In the table, the abbreviation ‘PAG’ stands for ‘Practical Activity Group’, and refers to the groups defined in Appendix 5g of the A Level specificati ...
... Suggestions for suitable practical work are included throughout the table. This is by no means and exhaustive list of potential practical activities. In the table, the abbreviation ‘PAG’ stands for ‘Practical Activity Group’, and refers to the groups defined in Appendix 5g of the A Level specificati ...
Grade 11 Review Package
... bond involves three pairs of electrons. Figure R.7 shows the formation of a covalent bond between two non-metals, carbon and hydrogen atoms, in a molecule of methane, CH4 . The electronegativity of an element is a relative measure of the ability of its atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond. ...
... bond involves three pairs of electrons. Figure R.7 shows the formation of a covalent bond between two non-metals, carbon and hydrogen atoms, in a molecule of methane, CH4 . The electronegativity of an element is a relative measure of the ability of its atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond. ...
Final Review 2
... 68) Which of the following elements has three valence electrons? a) lithium b) boron c) nitrogen d) more than one of the above 69) The electron configuration for gallium is: a) [Ar] 4s24d104p1 b) [Ar] 4s23d103p1 c) [Ar] 4s23d104p1 d) none of these answers is correct. 70) Which element has the larges ...
... 68) Which of the following elements has three valence electrons? a) lithium b) boron c) nitrogen d) more than one of the above 69) The electron configuration for gallium is: a) [Ar] 4s24d104p1 b) [Ar] 4s23d103p1 c) [Ar] 4s23d104p1 d) none of these answers is correct. 70) Which element has the larges ...
regents chemistry midterm - irondequoit 2014_entire exam w key
... c) Calculate the percentage of water in the original hydrated crystal. (show your work on the answer sheet) [1pt] Group 5) The electron configuration for the phosphorus atom is 2–8–5 or 1s22s22p63s23p3. Indicate for this atom: a) b) c) d) e) ...
... c) Calculate the percentage of water in the original hydrated crystal. (show your work on the answer sheet) [1pt] Group 5) The electron configuration for the phosphorus atom is 2–8–5 or 1s22s22p63s23p3. Indicate for this atom: a) b) c) d) e) ...
MISE - Physical Basis of Chemistry
... Up to now, we’ve been talking about relative atomic weights and we have been working in ratio - using the “triangle”. Since individual weights appear in the periodic table, there has to be a mass standard, i.e., a reference mass - so that the ratio of atomic weights can become individual values. Sin ...
... Up to now, we’ve been talking about relative atomic weights and we have been working in ratio - using the “triangle”. Since individual weights appear in the periodic table, there has to be a mass standard, i.e., a reference mass - so that the ratio of atomic weights can become individual values. Sin ...
REVIEW and answers
... What kind of intermolecular force is involved in Au ? Why does this force occur ? What physical properties result from this force ? Au is a metal, so metallic bonding occurs between atoms of gold. Metallic bonding is based on the existence of loosely held outer electrons which become delocalized; th ...
... What kind of intermolecular force is involved in Au ? Why does this force occur ? What physical properties result from this force ? Au is a metal, so metallic bonding occurs between atoms of gold. Metallic bonding is based on the existence of loosely held outer electrons which become delocalized; th ...
Your views are welcomed upon the theme of
... do not have the ‘noble gas’ structures (SO3, SF6, XeF4, AlCl3, and possibly - depending upon how the formalism is applied - B2H6). On its own, this approach has little to say about why H2O is so much more stable than H2O2, for example - as both can be shown to ‘have’ (or perhaps better, mimic?) nobl ...
... do not have the ‘noble gas’ structures (SO3, SF6, XeF4, AlCl3, and possibly - depending upon how the formalism is applied - B2H6). On its own, this approach has little to say about why H2O is so much more stable than H2O2, for example - as both can be shown to ‘have’ (or perhaps better, mimic?) nobl ...
UNIT 2 ATOMS, MATTER, AND THE MOLE
... there are two atoms of hydrogen. 2. H2O2 is not water. It is called hydrogen peroxide, has two atoms of hydrogen for every two atoms of oxygen and behaves much differently that water. This brings us to the next law. F. LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS-states that there can exist two or more compounds wit ...
... there are two atoms of hydrogen. 2. H2O2 is not water. It is called hydrogen peroxide, has two atoms of hydrogen for every two atoms of oxygen and behaves much differently that water. This brings us to the next law. F. LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS-states that there can exist two or more compounds wit ...
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry
... In ionic compounds, electrons are transferred between atoms of different elements to form ions. But this is not the only way that compounds can be formed. Atoms can also make chemical bonds by sharing electrons equally between each other. Such bonds are called covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are form ...
... In ionic compounds, electrons are transferred between atoms of different elements to form ions. But this is not the only way that compounds can be formed. Atoms can also make chemical bonds by sharing electrons equally between each other. Such bonds are called covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are form ...
chapter2.1
... 1. Use symbols for chemical elements to write formulas for chemical compounds. (Section 2.1; Exercise 2.4) 2. Identify the characteristics of protons, neutrons, and electrons. (Section 2.2; Exercises 2.10 and 2.12) 3. Use the concepts of atomic number and mass number to determine the number of subat ...
... 1. Use symbols for chemical elements to write formulas for chemical compounds. (Section 2.1; Exercise 2.4) 2. Identify the characteristics of protons, neutrons, and electrons. (Section 2.2; Exercises 2.10 and 2.12) 3. Use the concepts of atomic number and mass number to determine the number of subat ...
Unit 14-Chemical Reactions
... carbon reacts with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide. The chemical equation for this reaction, C + O2 CO2 contains the same information as the English sentence but has quantitative meaning as well. ...
... carbon reacts with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide. The chemical equation for this reaction, C + O2 CO2 contains the same information as the English sentence but has quantitative meaning as well. ...
Electronegativity
Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the associated electronegativity number, the more an element or compound attracts electrons towards it. The term ""electronegativity"" was introduced by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1811,though the concept was known even before that and was studied by many chemists including Avogadro.In spite of its long history, an accurate scale of electronegativity had to wait till 1932, when Linus Pauling proposed an electronegativity scale, which depends on bond energies, as a development of valence bond theory. It has been shown to correlate with a number of other chemical properties. Electronegativity cannot be directly measured and must be calculated from other atomic or molecular properties. Several methods of calculation have been proposed, and although there may be small differences in the numerical values of the electronegativity, all methods show the same periodic trends between elements. The most commonly used method of calculation is that originally proposed by Linus Pauling. This gives a dimensionless quantity, commonly referred to as the Pauling scale, on a relative scale running from around 0.7 to 3.98 (hydrogen = 2.20). When other methods of calculation are used, it is conventional (although not obligatory) to quote the results on a scale that covers the same range of numerical values: this is known as an electronegativity in Pauling units. As it is usually calculated, electronegativity is not a property of an atom alone, but rather a property of an atom in a molecule. Properties of a free atom include ionization energy and electron affinity. It is to be expected that the electronegativity of an element will vary with its chemical environment, but it is usually considered to be a transferable property, that is to say that similar values will be valid in a variety of situations.On the most basic level, electronegativity is determined by factors like the nuclear charge (the more protons an atom has, the more ""pull"" it will have on electrons) and the number/location of other electrons present in the atomic shells (the more electrons an atom has, the farther from the nucleus the valence electrons will be, and as a result the less positive charge they will experience—both because of their increased distance from the nucleus, and because the other electrons in the lower energy core orbitals will act to shield the valence electrons from the positively charged nucleus).The opposite of electronegativity is electropositivity: a measure of an element's ability to donate electrons.Caesium is the least electronegative element in the periodic table (=0.79), while fluorine is most electronegative (=3.98). (Francium and caesium were originally assigned both assigned 0.7; caesium's value was later refined to 0.79, but no experimental data allows a similar refinement for francium. However, francium's ionization energy is known to be slightly higher than caesium's, in accordance with the relativistic stabilization of the 7s orbital, and this in turn implies that caesium is in fact more electronegative than francium.)