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Monday, Feb. 14, 2005
Monday, Feb. 14, 2005

Structure of Molecules and Compounds | Principles of Biology from
Structure of Molecules and Compounds | Principles of Biology from

... atoms that share one pair of electrons. Consider the element carbon. It has four valence electrons. Carbon requires four additional electrons to reach a stable configuration. It can gain these electrons, for example, by combining with four hydrogen atoms. Each hydrogen atom has one electron in its o ...
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Nucleus Chapt 4

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1001_3rd Exam_1001214

... B) results in a beam of electrons which increases in number, but not velocity, as the wavelength of incident light decreases C) was discovered by Max Planck D) is not the same principle used in modern electric eyes and solar calculators E) describes the phenomenon of producing light by shining a bea ...
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Chapter 3

... Calculate the energy (in joules) of (a) a photon with a wavelength of 5.00×104 nm (infrared region) and (b) a photon with a wavelength of 52 nm (ultraviolet region). (c) Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of an electron ejected by the photon in part (b) from a metal with a binding energy of 3.7 eV ...
Electron Transport Through Thiolized Gold Nanoparticles in Single
Electron Transport Through Thiolized Gold Nanoparticles in Single

... function y(x) = a + b/x. Parameter a is the asymptote of μ when the number of atoms N → ∞. The value (I1 + A1 )/2 is also a Mulliken electronegativity χ by definition. For crystalline gold Mulliken electronegativity in units of Pauling scale equals 4.55 eV which is close to the work function of gold ...
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QUANTUM THEORY

... 43. The Hubble Space Telescope has an orbital speed of 7.56 x 103 m/s and a mass of 11 600 kg. What is the de Broglie wavelength of the telescope? A) 8.77 ´ 107 m D) 3.78 ´ 10-40 m B) 5.81 ´ 10-26 m E) 7.56 ´ 10-42 m C) 6.63 ´ 10-34 m Use the following to answer questions 46-47: It is desired to obt ...
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Study Guide for Final #1

Atomic orbitals and their representation: Can 3-D
Atomic orbitals and their representation: Can 3-D

... [16]. Atomic orbitals belong to the “General Chemistry” syllabus and had been taught to our subjects at an introductory level (the standard textbook is [17]). Before presenting our findings on orbitals, we want to highlight some general ideas about them and the utility of computational means in thei ...
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Quantum Numbers, Orbitals, and Probability Patterns

... Solutions to Schrödinger’s equation involve four special numbers called quantum numbers. (Three of the numbers come from Schrödinger’s equation, and the fourth one comes from an extension of the theory.) These four numbers completely describe the energy of an electron. Each electron has exactly four ...
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Final Exam Study Guide Word document

... 61. Carbon-14 radioactively decays via the emission of a beta particle. What is the product nuclide of this decay? 62. When polonium-216 decays by the emission of one alpha particle and two beta particles, the product is the isotope __________. 63. Ionizing radiation is many times more dangerous to ...
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CHEMISTRY Periodic Table of the Elements

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When Energy Conservation Seems to Fail: The Prediction of the

... Another issue concerned the inherent angular momentum (spin) of the alleged electrons in the nucleus. According to quantum mechanics, the electron had a spin. As for the bound electrons in the atom, the idea that the electron had a mechanical momentum and a magnetic moment seemed to work. Moreover, ...
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C10J ATOMIC STRUCTURE (6 lectures)

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Chemistry Review Module Chapter 1
Chemistry Review Module Chapter 1

< 1 ... 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 ... 137 >

Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is made up of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very small; typical sizes are around 100 pm (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale). However, atoms do not have well defined boundaries, and there are different ways to define their size which give different but close values.Atoms are small enough that classical physics give noticeably incorrect results. Through the development of physics, atomic models have incorporated quantum principles to better explain and predict the behavior.Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and typically a similar number of neutrons (none in hydrogen-1). Protons and neutrons are called nucleons. Over 99.94% of the atom's mass is in the nucleus. The protons have a positive electric charge, the electrons have a negative electric charge, and the neutrons have no electric charge. If the number of protons and electrons are equal, that atom is electrically neutral. If an atom has more or fewer electrons than protons, then it has an overall negative or positive charge, respectively, and it is called an ion.Electrons of an atom are attracted to the protons in an atomic nucleus by this electromagnetic force. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are attracted to each other by a different force, the nuclear force, which is usually stronger than the electromagnetic force repelling the positively charged protons from one another. Under certain circumstances the repelling electromagnetic force becomes stronger than the nuclear force, and nucleons can be ejected from the nucleus, leaving behind a different element: nuclear decay resulting in nuclear transmutation.The number of protons in the nucleus defines to what chemical element the atom belongs: for example, all copper atoms contain 29 protons. The number of neutrons defines the isotope of the element. The number of electrons influences the magnetic properties of an atom. Atoms can attach to one or more other atoms by chemical bonds to form chemical compounds such as molecules. The ability of atoms to associate and dissociate is responsible for most of the physical changes observed in nature, and is the subject of the discipline of chemistry.Not all the matter of the universe is composed of atoms. Dark matter comprises more of the Universe than matter, and is composed not of atoms, but of particles of a currently unknown type.
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