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Wednesday, Feb. 23, 2005
Wednesday, Feb. 23, 2005

The cesium frequency standard
The cesium frequency standard

l - Bryn Mawr College
l - Bryn Mawr College

... Quantum theory explains the behavior of e- in H. ...
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... is formed by taking one lead atom and combining it with one sulfur atom. If this were true, then we also must conclude that the ratio of the mass of a lead atom to that of a sulfur atom is the same as the 6.5 : 1 lead to sulfur mass ratio we found for the bulk lead sulde. This atomic explanation lo ...
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... 3- The nearest planet to the sun is ……………… and the farthest one from the sun is ……………… 4- Mercury, …………… , …………… and mars are the inner planets. 5- …………… planet has 27 moons revolving around it, while …………… planet has 12 moons revolving around it. 6- The comet consists of two parts which are …………… a ...
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... It will include questions on analysis and evaluation of practical work. Quality of written communication will also be assessed in this section. ...
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... combined in a specific ratio and held together by chemical bonds. A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds ...
Computational Quantum Chemistry of Chemical Kinetic Modeling
Computational Quantum Chemistry of Chemical Kinetic Modeling

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... A: 1.08X1015 s-1or Hz what is the wavelength of this light? A: 2.75X10-7 m If the frequency of a certain light is 3.8 x l014 Hz, what is the energy of this light? A: 2.5X10-19 J The energy of a certain light is 3.9 x l0-19 J. What is the wavelength of this light? Is it visible? A: 510 nm – Yes visib ...
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... Pauli Exclusion Principle No 2 electrons in any one atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers • the maximum number of electrons in any orbital is 2 • 2 electrons occupying the same orbital must have opposite spin ...
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... respectively. The transition between the two different asymptotic regimes occurs at distances roughly equal to 1/δ, which is about the atomic core radius. The second parameter of the model potential, Eq. (2.1), δ, is chosen so that the ionization energy in the potential (2.1) is equal to the scaled ...
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... First, we note that we already have a basis of energy eigenstates for the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian Ĥfield , being the number states {|ni, n = 0, 1, 2, . . .} with eigenvalues ~ω(n + 1/2). We also have a basis of energy eigenstates for the 2-level atom Hamiltonian Ĥatom , being the states |g ...
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AQA Additional Sci C2 Revision Guide

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Problem Set 3: Bohr`s Atom

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... nucleus. If this were true, excited atoms would be expected to give off the entire electromagnetic spectrum of light when they lose energy. When tested, atoms were found to give off very specific colors of light (not the entire spectrum). This is called the emission spectrum of an atom. ...
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Quantum 2 Info - Ms. Gamm

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... Rutherford’s Experiment: directed positive alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil and observed their path. Experiment Results: most alpha particles went straight through, a few were slightly deflected, some bounced back. _____3. I can describe Ernest Rutherford’s contribution to our understand ...
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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is made up of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very small; typical sizes are around 100 pm (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale). However, atoms do not have well defined boundaries, and there are different ways to define their size which give different but close values.Atoms are small enough that classical physics give noticeably incorrect results. Through the development of physics, atomic models have incorporated quantum principles to better explain and predict the behavior.Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus. The nucleus is made of one or more protons and typically a similar number of neutrons (none in hydrogen-1). Protons and neutrons are called nucleons. Over 99.94% of the atom's mass is in the nucleus. The protons have a positive electric charge, the electrons have a negative electric charge, and the neutrons have no electric charge. If the number of protons and electrons are equal, that atom is electrically neutral. If an atom has more or fewer electrons than protons, then it has an overall negative or positive charge, respectively, and it is called an ion.Electrons of an atom are attracted to the protons in an atomic nucleus by this electromagnetic force. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are attracted to each other by a different force, the nuclear force, which is usually stronger than the electromagnetic force repelling the positively charged protons from one another. Under certain circumstances the repelling electromagnetic force becomes stronger than the nuclear force, and nucleons can be ejected from the nucleus, leaving behind a different element: nuclear decay resulting in nuclear transmutation.The number of protons in the nucleus defines to what chemical element the atom belongs: for example, all copper atoms contain 29 protons. The number of neutrons defines the isotope of the element. The number of electrons influences the magnetic properties of an atom. Atoms can attach to one or more other atoms by chemical bonds to form chemical compounds such as molecules. The ability of atoms to associate and dissociate is responsible for most of the physical changes observed in nature, and is the subject of the discipline of chemistry.Not all the matter of the universe is composed of atoms. Dark matter comprises more of the Universe than matter, and is composed not of atoms, but of particles of a currently unknown type.
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