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FALL Final Review KEY
FALL Final Review KEY

... Metallic: electron sea model (fixed positive cations and delocalized negative valence electrons) a. Covalent b. Covalent  electrons shared and Ionic bonds  electrons transferred 36. Positive cations are surrounded by negative anions and negative anions are surrounded by positive cations 37. If the ...
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... energy; SCaH2 is entropy; and VCaH2 is volume; T and p are applied temperature and pressure of the system. Throughout the present work, we approximate the Gibbs free energy to the total energy obtained from ab initio calculation, i.e., ...
Chemical Reactivities: Fundamental and Nuclear Reactions
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... are the same numbers of sodium atoms on both sides of the reaction and there are the same numbers of chlorine atoms on both sides of the reaction. The balanced reaction is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Matter: atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, only rearrange ...
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... is itself a consequence of the motion. For this reason, the powerful principles of thermodynamics embodied in the first and second law are a central part of the theory of compressible flow. Thermodynamics derives its power from the fact that the change in the state of a fluid is independent of the a ...
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... can be distorted by presence of some electric field (such as another dipolar substance). Related to size of atom or molecule. Small atoms and molecules less easily polarized. ...
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... 2. A cyclic process is carried out on an ideal gas such that it returns to its initial state at the end of a cycle, as shown in the pV diagram in the figure. If the process is carried out in a clockwise sense around the enclosed area, as shown on the figure, then the change of internal energy over t ...
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< 1 ... 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 ... 211 >

Heat transfer physics



Heat transfer physics describes the kinetics of energy storage, transport, and transformation by principal energy carriers: phonons (lattice vibration waves), electrons, fluid particles, and photons. Heat is energy stored in temperature-dependent motion of particles including electrons, atomic nuclei, individual atoms, and molecules. Heat is transferred to and from matter by the principal energy carriers. The state of energy stored within matter, or transported by the carriers, is described by a combination of classical and quantum statistical mechanics. The energy is also transformed (converted) among various carriers.The heat transfer processes (or kinetics) are governed by the rates at which various related physical phenomena occur, such as (for example) the rate of particle collisions in classical mechanics. These various states and kinetics determine the heat transfer, i.e., the net rate of energy storage or transport. Governing these process from the atomic level (atom or molecule length scale) to macroscale are the laws of thermodynamics, including conservation of energy.
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