Are Bigger Brains Better?
... systems [11–15]. However, there are also numerous fundamental complications with such correlations, which are in part conceptual (for example, correlations never prove causality) [12] and in part arise from rigorous empirical work showing that in many cases such correlations are absent or at least n ...
... systems [11–15]. However, there are also numerous fundamental complications with such correlations, which are in part conceptual (for example, correlations never prove causality) [12] and in part arise from rigorous empirical work showing that in many cases such correlations are absent or at least n ...
Anatomy of Brain
... memory and other language functions. Sound processing is controlled by the temporal lobes- in the Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area. The underside (ventral) part high-level visual processing of complex stimuli such as faces (fusiform gyrus) and scenes (parahippocampal gyrus) object perception and r ...
... memory and other language functions. Sound processing is controlled by the temporal lobes- in the Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area. The underside (ventral) part high-level visual processing of complex stimuli such as faces (fusiform gyrus) and scenes (parahippocampal gyrus) object perception and r ...
The role of the mirror neuron system in action understanding and
... § 2.1 Properties of the Mirror Neurons Gallese et al. (1996) conducted a single cell recording study in the F5 area, in which they found that activation of mirror neurons was only caused by actions in which a hand or mouth interacted with an object. Hand movements that included grasping, manipulati ...
... § 2.1 Properties of the Mirror Neurons Gallese et al. (1996) conducted a single cell recording study in the F5 area, in which they found that activation of mirror neurons was only caused by actions in which a hand or mouth interacted with an object. Hand movements that included grasping, manipulati ...
Origin of symbol-using systems: speech, but not sign, without the
... system in human language and culture, the situation is quite a bit more complex as human language was built upon a preexisting cellular genetic system that was already capable of Darwinian evolution. Despite huge differences in scale, it is a remarkable fact that the fundamental rate of meaning asse ...
... system in human language and culture, the situation is quite a bit more complex as human language was built upon a preexisting cellular genetic system that was already capable of Darwinian evolution. Despite huge differences in scale, it is a remarkable fact that the fundamental rate of meaning asse ...
TEACHERS`NOTES AND REFERENCES
... the brain and spinal cord to muscles or glands. Interneurons ( connector neuron or association neuron) connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them. Translation into Catalan (underlined) and Spanish (underlined and italics) is both encouraged and provided not only for scientic w ...
... the brain and spinal cord to muscles or glands. Interneurons ( connector neuron or association neuron) connect sensory and motor neurons and carry impulses between them. Translation into Catalan (underlined) and Spanish (underlined and italics) is both encouraged and provided not only for scientic w ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 32.8 The brainstem and cerebellar circuits for controlling pursuit eye movements. During pursuit, the line of sight changes smoothly to follow the motion of the target. The smooth changes in eye velocity are often accompanied by small “corrective” saccades, indicated by the upward deflection ...
... FIGURE 32.8 The brainstem and cerebellar circuits for controlling pursuit eye movements. During pursuit, the line of sight changes smoothly to follow the motion of the target. The smooth changes in eye velocity are often accompanied by small “corrective” saccades, indicated by the upward deflection ...
Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
... studies have shown that imagery can be used to improve strength related tasks (Ranganathan et al., 2004), but it is still a controversial issue with large individual differences. Although, one must also remember that there are differences between motor imagery and execution, and it has been shown th ...
AIP
... "F5 is target of strong projections originating from ar-ea AIP. Injections in this parietal area showed that the anterograde and retrograde labelings in the agranular frontal cortex was almost completely confined to F5 and, therefore, the anatomical linkage between these two areas is highly selecti ...
... "F5 is target of strong projections originating from ar-ea AIP. Injections in this parietal area showed that the anterograde and retrograde labelings in the agranular frontal cortex was almost completely confined to F5 and, therefore, the anatomical linkage between these two areas is highly selecti ...
The Functional Organization of Perception and Movement
... groups of motor neurons (motor nuclei) whose axons exit the spinal cord and innervate skeletal muscles. Unlike the sensory nuclei, the motor nuclei form columns that run the length of the spinal cord. Interneurons of various types in the gray matter inhibit the output of the spinal cord neurons. The ...
... groups of motor neurons (motor nuclei) whose axons exit the spinal cord and innervate skeletal muscles. Unlike the sensory nuclei, the motor nuclei form columns that run the length of the spinal cord. Interneurons of various types in the gray matter inhibit the output of the spinal cord neurons. The ...
15-CEREBRUM
... the premotor cortex. • The principle subcortical input to premotor and supplementary motor cortex is the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. • This nucleus receives its afferent from the globus pallidus & substantia nigra ...
... the premotor cortex. • The principle subcortical input to premotor and supplementary motor cortex is the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus. • This nucleus receives its afferent from the globus pallidus & substantia nigra ...
The language of action: verbs, simulation and motor chains
... 2006, for a similar but less principled approach). In particular, the model was built by trying to comply with four classes of constraints: (a) constraints deriving from the available knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the brain structures underlying the behaviours of interest (e.g., based o ...
... 2006, for a similar but less principled approach). In particular, the model was built by trying to comply with four classes of constraints: (a) constraints deriving from the available knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the brain structures underlying the behaviours of interest (e.g., based o ...
The mirror neuron system and its role in learning Master`s thesis by
... Since their discovery in monkeys some seventeen years ago, mirror neurons have been the focus of an extensive debate. These neurons are active both when a monkey observes an action and when it executes the same action. Clustered in the ventral premotor cortex and inferior parietal lobule, these area ...
... Since their discovery in monkeys some seventeen years ago, mirror neurons have been the focus of an extensive debate. These neurons are active both when a monkey observes an action and when it executes the same action. Clustered in the ventral premotor cortex and inferior parietal lobule, these area ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or by the monkey were recorded. Most of the ...
... a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or by the monkey were recorded. Most of the ...
Nervous communication
... The reflex arc A reflex arc is the nerve pathway of a reflex: A sensory neurone, a relay neurone and a motor neurone. In a reflex (e.g. withdrawing a finger from a hot object) 1.An impulse starts in a receptor 2.then is transmitted to a sensory neurone 3.then to a relay neurone in the brain or spin ...
... The reflex arc A reflex arc is the nerve pathway of a reflex: A sensory neurone, a relay neurone and a motor neurone. In a reflex (e.g. withdrawing a finger from a hot object) 1.An impulse starts in a receptor 2.then is transmitted to a sensory neurone 3.then to a relay neurone in the brain or spin ...
Chapter 13 - apsubiology.org
... a reflex is unlearned, unpremeditated, and involuntary one is conscious of somatic reflexes only after they occur reflexes are involved in homeostasis two fundamental types of reflexes ...
... a reflex is unlearned, unpremeditated, and involuntary one is conscious of somatic reflexes only after they occur reflexes are involved in homeostasis two fundamental types of reflexes ...
Depth perception by the active observer
... An important process in navigation (and therefore for the perception of the 3D environment) is judging one’s heading, and one way to do this is through the analysis of optic flow [15]. This analysis is easy to carry out if the gaze is fixed [16], but the gaze is often not fixed, for example when we ...
... An important process in navigation (and therefore for the perception of the 3D environment) is judging one’s heading, and one way to do this is through the analysis of optic flow [15]. This analysis is easy to carry out if the gaze is fixed [16], but the gaze is often not fixed, for example when we ...
Interoception and Emotion: a Neuroanatomical Perspective
... into more highly evolved regions of the human brain. My research is based on the knowledge that the brain is not a mystical structure, but rather is reproducibly and evolutionarily wellorganized for the purpose of maintaining and advancing both the individual and the species. The brain is not color ...
... into more highly evolved regions of the human brain. My research is based on the knowledge that the brain is not a mystical structure, but rather is reproducibly and evolutionarily wellorganized for the purpose of maintaining and advancing both the individual and the species. The brain is not color ...
More is Better: The Effects of Multiple Repetitions on Implicit Memory
... In the Reder et al. (1998) experiments, the words were selected from the Medical Research Council psycholinguistic database (Coltheart, 1981). Half the word were selected to have high normative frequencies, and half were selected to have low frequencies. The mean normative Kucera and Francis (1967) ...
... In the Reder et al. (1998) experiments, the words were selected from the Medical Research Council psycholinguistic database (Coltheart, 1981). Half the word were selected to have high normative frequencies, and half were selected to have low frequencies. The mean normative Kucera and Francis (1967) ...
Document
... Every 0.2 - 2 mm there is a break in the myelin sheath called a Node of Ranvier. The myelin prevents movement of Na+ and K+ through the membrane, forcing the action potential to depolarize the membrane at the Nodes of Ranvier. While an action potential travels down an unmyelinated nerve rather slowl ...
... Every 0.2 - 2 mm there is a break in the myelin sheath called a Node of Ranvier. The myelin prevents movement of Na+ and K+ through the membrane, forcing the action potential to depolarize the membrane at the Nodes of Ranvier. While an action potential travels down an unmyelinated nerve rather slowl ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... information from different types of sensory receptors • Allows nervous system to collect, process, and respond to information • Makes it possible for a neuron to sum impulses from different sources ...
... information from different types of sensory receptors • Allows nervous system to collect, process, and respond to information • Makes it possible for a neuron to sum impulses from different sources ...
Anatomy of the basal ganglia - Gonda Brain Research Center
... • Essential for several types of learning ...
... • Essential for several types of learning ...
16_QuizShowQuestions
... the mesencephalon and various areas of the cerebral cortex that control eye movements. b. One group of axons synapses on thalamic neurons, which then send their axons to widespread association areas of the cerebral cortex. c. One group of axons synapses on thalamic neurons, which then send their axo ...
... the mesencephalon and various areas of the cerebral cortex that control eye movements. b. One group of axons synapses on thalamic neurons, which then send their axons to widespread association areas of the cerebral cortex. c. One group of axons synapses on thalamic neurons, which then send their axo ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... out moving the electrode row caudally in steps of 1 mm. During each experimental session each electrode was inserted one after the other inside the dura until the first neuronal activity was detected for each of them. Each electrode was then deepened into the cortex independently one from the other, ...
... out moving the electrode row caudally in steps of 1 mm. During each experimental session each electrode was inserted one after the other inside the dura until the first neuronal activity was detected for each of them. Each electrode was then deepened into the cortex independently one from the other, ...
PDF
... execution is then proportional to this value. In addition to controlling estimation, uncertainty about an action’s value might, in principle, influence choice directly, as by promoting exploration to seek undiscovered rewards. In general, both controllers are uncertain about the values because they ...
... execution is then proportional to this value. In addition to controlling estimation, uncertainty about an action’s value might, in principle, influence choice directly, as by promoting exploration to seek undiscovered rewards. In general, both controllers are uncertain about the values because they ...
Mirroring others` emotions relates to empathy and
... internal simulation of others’ emotions via this mechanism is also thought to support our ability to empathize with others — particularly the affective (“I feel what you feel”) aspects of empathy (for a distinction between emotional and cognitive perspective-taking components of empathy, see Baron-C ...
... internal simulation of others’ emotions via this mechanism is also thought to support our ability to empathize with others — particularly the affective (“I feel what you feel”) aspects of empathy (for a distinction between emotional and cognitive perspective-taking components of empathy, see Baron-C ...